Boiling water

The boiling point of a substance is the temperature

at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the
pressure surrounding the liquid[1][2]and the liquid
changes into a vapor.

A liquid at high pressure has a higher boiling point

than when that liquid is at atmospheric pressure. In
other words, the boiling point of a liquid varies
depending upon the surrounding environmental
pressure. For a given pressure, different liquids boil
at different temperatures. The normal boiling
point (also called the atmospheric boiling pointor
the atmospheric pressure boiling point) of a liquid
is the special case in which the vapor pressure of
the liquid equals the defined atmospheric pressure
at sea level, 1 atmosphere.

Impurities and mixtures[edit]

In the preceding section, boiling points of pure
compounds were covered. Vapor pressures and
boiling points of substances can be affected by the
presence of dissolved impurities (solutes) or other
miscible compounds, the degree of effect
depending on the concentration of the impurities or
other compounds. The presence of non-volatile
impurities such as salts or compounds of
a volatility far lower than the main component
compound decreases its mole fraction and
the solution's volatility, and thus raises the normal
boiling point in proportion to theconcentration of
the solutes. This effect is called boiling point
elevation. As a common example, salt water boils at
a higher temperature than pure water.
In other mixtures of miscible compounds
(components), there may be two or more
components of varying volatility, each having its
own pure component boiling point at any given
pressure. The presence of other volatile
components in a mixture affects the vapor
pressures and thus boiling points and dew points of
all the components in the mixture.

Effect of impurities on melting point and boiling

point
Adding some salt to crushed ice, what is the melting
point of the ice-salt mixture? Adding some salt to
boiling water, what is the boiling point of the salt
solution?

If you carry out these experiments, you will find that

the melting point and boiling point of water can be
changed by the presence of impurities .
When salt is added to ice, the temperature can fall
to as low as -20 C. The salt lowers the melting point
causing the ice to melt. In cold countries, salt or sea
sand are spread on the road surface to melt the
snow, otherwise the icy road would be too slippery
for cars to drive on.

THE EFFECTS OF IMPURITIES ON

THE BOILING POINT OF PURE
LIQUIDS
Aims : to study the effects of impurities
on the boiling points of pure liquidsMate
rials : Distilled water, table saltApparatus
: 100 cm beaker, wire gauze, tripod stand, Bu
nsen burner, thermometer, asbestos sheetP
rocedure :1.

Set up the apparatus as shown in the

diagram above2.
Pour 25 cm of distilled water into a
beaker and boil it3.
Record the temperature of the distilled
water when it boils4.

Add a spatula of table salt into the

distilled water5.
Record the temperature of the mixture
of distilled water and common salt when
the water boilsagain.Results
:substance Boiling pointsDistilled water 1
00 cMixture of distilled water and table s
alt 102 cAnalysis :1.
The boiling point of salt solution is
higher than pure water2.
Distilled water do not contain any
impurities3.
If more salt added to the distilled water,
the water will boils at 103 c or higher.4.
If more salt added to the distilled water, the
water will freeze at lower than 0 c5.
Distilled water is a liquid that boils at a
temperature of 100 c and freeze at 0
c.Conclusion : impurities increase the b
oiling of pure water