Proposed Vertical Prison;

A Solution to Congested National Penitentiaries

A thesis proposal present to the School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the
Built Environment
Mapua Institute of Technology

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Architectural Design 9 AR 200 / AR

200S for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Architecture

Presented by:
CHAN, KELVIN C.

Presented to:
Architect Junar Tablan, uap
Adviser

December 2014

CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
I.1GENERAL OVERVIEW
Chapter 1 focuses on the background of the studies, the statement of the
problem, the goals & objectives, the significance of the study, the scope &
limitations, the assumption, and the conceptual framework.

I.1.1 INTRODUCTION
Urban areas today are suffering from congestion due to lack of land resources
that would cater all the basic human needs of every individual. In response to the
fast growing issue, the conceptualization of vertical planning of buildings was
taken into consideration. The construction of high-rise mixed use buildings are
increasing.
In the past decade, impact of tall buildings in shaping the urban development, is
a great and effective response to exploring questions of density, alternative land
use patterns and sustainability.
It has been evident that vertically planned buildings consume lesser land area
than those of that horizontally planned. Also, vertically planned buildings are
more open to future expansion, without having to consider the availability of land.

I.1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Prison design has always been a challenging yet unavoidable issue in the
society. One major problem globally with prison nowadays is overcrowding. The
concept of overcrowding does not only cover the number of people, but also the
lack distribution of resources.
Prison overcrowding is a major public health, humanitarian and security concern
in most countries. Penal reform and the solution to prison overcrowding are badly
needed, especially in most developing countries.
Overcrowding in prisons results to shifting in sleeping routines of inmate primarily
because of lack of beddings and the lack of space (Atencia, 2012).
Research shows that in 117 countries, overcrowding in prisons is felt where the
total prison capacity does not meet the number of prisoners. Overcrowding is
often defined as the cause of rising crime rates, but according to many,
overcrowding is the direct consequence of criminal justice policy, not the other
way around. Also, that it disables the ability and resources of prison systems to
meet basic human needs, such as sanitation, hygiene, healthcare, food, security,
recreation and accommodation.

Overcrowding, as well as related problems such as lack of privacy and resources,

can also cause serious mental health problems, and increase rates of violence,
self-harm and suicide.

Philippines main correctional facilities for sentenced inmates are all managed by
the Bureau of Corrections (BuCor); one facility, of which headed by this
organization, is The New Bilibid Prison in located in Muntinlupa. This maximum
security penitentiary is Luzons main prison which currently houses 21,000
inmates. The congested prison facility allows inmates to freely roam around
within the compounds.
Recently, President Benigno Aquino III signed into law a consolidated House and
Senate bill that seeks to modernize the Bureau of Corrections. RA 10575
otherwise known as The Bureau of Corrections Act of 2013, mainly gives
importance to upgrade prison facilities in the Philippines.
Jail congestion is considered as one of the biggest problems of the Bureau of Jail
and Management Penology, an agency of the Department of Interior and Local
Government, and the Bureau of Corrections, an agency under the Department of
Justice. Overcrowding is a hazard to health in many prisons in the Philippines
(Laserna Jr., 2010) and remains to be a serious concern. Ratio of prison facilities
in the Philippines is not enough against the number of detainees.
Urban settings are in need of developments in design practices, being
sustainability, which reduces energy, food, and water cost, as the most efficient
solution to innumerable issues rising in institutional establishments catering longterm residents, such as prisons.

I.1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

For academic purposes, the researcher confined himself to the main research
question that shall endeavor to answer deliberately whether vertical planning is a
solution to the fundamental issues concerningvertical planning as a solution to
overcrowding, lack of resources, violence & health concerns of a prison.
The paper aims to highlight the vertical planning of prison. Specifically, the study
aims to answer the following questions:

How will the 3 elements of vertical planning be incorporated in the vertical

prison?

How will vertical planning contribute to the better distribution of resources?

How will vertical planning, psychologically, lessen the violence on prison?

How will overcrowding on prisons be eliminated by the implementation of

vertical planning?

I.1.4 PROJECT GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES

This papers main goal is to improve ecological, social, and economic status of
prison facilities that would benefit the living environment, being the incorporation
of the three elements of vertical planning; structural, vegetation, and function, to
the design as the main approach, thus establishing several objectives that would
help meet the goal. Objectives are as follows:
ECOLOGICAL

To be able to provide a sustainable solution to the growing problem of

overcrowding in prison facilities;

Installation of vertical farm in the design of prison facilities;

SOCIAL

To eliminate health problems caused by overcrowding;

To apply psychological simulation in prison facilities;

ECONOMIC

Application of vertical farm as self-sustained prison

I.1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

In the height of the need of prisons to overcome the issues on congestion, lack of
resources, violence and health problems, the researcher aims to improve the
facilities of and within a prison. The researcher is in quest to forefront the
enormous benefits of providing a habitable and humane space that would
enhance inmates mental refuge and psychological well-being.
This paper seeks to contribute to existing knowledge and explore the importance
of the integration of vertical planning to a prison facility. This study sought to
generate useful literature to promote integration of the innovation that offers
useful recommendation and measures to aid in the realization of the effects of
vertical planning to the current issues on prisons.

The output of this research further sought to benefit and assist:

Architects and Architecture students; that they may be able to uplift their
hunger for improvement in the Design process. Also, that they may
include such solution in future architectural projects.

Bureau of Corrections, BuCor; that this may serve as a proposal to

anticipate the construction of vertical prisons as a solution to congestion
issues. Also, that this may serve as a reference to solve current social,
economic, ecological and environmental issues on prisons of today.

I.1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This research has many structural and other components which are difficult to
study in depth. Time constraint was a limiting factor because the study had to be
concluded within 3 term of nine months. Availability of funds was also a limiting
factor to the study since the researcher was self-sponsored. Despite all odds,
extensive efforts were made to obtain the relevant material and data. Hence, to
elucidate the delimitation of the study, the researcher tries to confine itself to
single out the study to explicitly convince the discerning identified aspects only.
The study was restricted and shall only centralize on the identified issues,
objectives, concepts and principles as covered and as related to the researchers
main problem statement, i.e., whether vertical planning is a solution to the
fundamental issues concerningvertical planning as a solution to overcrowding,
lack of resources, violence & health concerns of a prison.

In addition, this paper shall only include health problems caused by overcrowding,
vertical planning in terms of function(space and security), aesthetic (ventilation,
vegetation) and structural (low rise, medium rise or high rise).

I.1.7 ASSUMPTIONS
In the studies on hand, it is evident that vertical planning may be used in several
building types, including schools, colleges, and universities, hospitals, residential,
office and commercial buildings.
Vertical planning in the development of other building types has the same effects
and benefits in prisons. It is an effective and efficient solution for future
consideration: expansion, overcrowding & other issues.

1.8 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

I.1.9 DEFINITIONS AND TERMS

I.1.9.1 GENERAL DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Correctional Facility a prison, especially for long-term confinement;
2. Economic referring to the use of income, wealth and the like;
3. Ecological a branch of biology that deals with the interaction between
every living organism and the environment;
4. Elements pertains to the structural, aesthetic and function of the
building;
5. Incarceration- the act of incarcerating, or putting in prison or another
enclosure;
6. Inmate- a person who is confined to an institution such as a prison or
hospital;
7. Overcrowding pertaining to an undesirable excess in number of people
in a particular area;
8. Penitentiary a state or federal prison for convicted felons;
9. Prison- a building for the confinement of persons held while awaiting trial,
persons sentenced after conviction, etc.;
10. Prison Cell a room where a prisoner is kept;
11. Prisoner - one who resides in a prison;

12. Sustainable the ability of the structure to support itself in the future;
13. Vertical Farm incorporation of planting greens within and as a part of a
vertical structure;
14. Vertical Planning planning of elements vertically;
I.1.9.2 BuCor DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Prison refers to a penal establishment under the control of the Bureau of
Corrections and shall include the New Bilibid Prison, the Correctional
Institution for Women, the Leyte Regional Prison and the Davao, San
Ramon, Sablayan and Ihawig Prison and Penal Farms;
2. Inmate refers to a national prisoner or one sentenced by a court to serve
a maximum term of imprisonment of more than three (3) years or to a fine
of more than one thousand pesos (P1,000); or regardless of the length of
the sentence imposed by the court, to one sentenced for violation of the
customs law or other laws within the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Customs
or enforceable by it, or for violation of immigration and elections laws; or to
one sentenced to serve two (2) or more prison sentences in the aggregate
exceeding the period of three (3) years, whether or not he has appealed. It
shall also include a person committed to the Bureau by a court or
competent authority for safekeeping or similar purpose. Unless otherwise
indicated, inmate shall refer to a detainee;
3. Bureau refers to the Bureau of Corrections;

4. Department refers to the Department of Justice

I.1.10 ACRONYMS
1. BJMP Bureau of Jail and Management Penology;
2. BuCor Bureau of Corrections;
3. NBP New Bilibid Prison;
4. PNP Philippine National Police

I.2REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter focuses on the studies and theories of others that would help
enhance and support the entire research paper. It includes prison history, vertical
farming, overcrowding, lack of resources and case study.

I.2.1 RELATED LITERATURE

I.2.1.1 DIFFERENCE OF PRISON AND JAIL

Often, the terms jail and prison are used interchangeably. People think
whether of the two are both places where people who commit crime go until such
crime is paid.

We all know that incarceration of any kind is an unpleasant experience. The

policies, rights, and daily activities of an inmate vary between jails and prisons.
What really differentiates a prison from a jail?
The main difference between the two is the length of stay of inmates. Jails are
run by the local government agencies that cater short-term stay for those inmates
awaiting their trials.
Prisons, on the other hand are by a state government, or the Bureau of
Corrections, in the case of the Philippines. Prisons hold individuals convicted of
more serious crimes or felony. Prisons provide different programs to inmates
depending on their level of custody.
Because jails are designed for short-term stay, they tend to have fewer amenities,
while prisons provide extensive amenities, in most cases; they provide exercise
areas or the grounds, common areas for inmates to be able to socialize, church
facilities, and most importantly, educational facilities.

I.2.1.2 BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS

Prisons in the Philippines are run by the Bureau of Corrections, which is an
agency under the Department of Justice. Operations of the agency are guided by
the Bureau of Corrections Operating Manual that focuses on safekeeping of
inmates confined in national penal establishments (Ongkiko, Ursua, 2013).

The Bureau of Corrections is formerly known as the Bureau of Prisons under

the Administrative Code of 1987 and Proclamation No. 495, issued on the 22 nd of
November 1989.
Recently, President Benigno Aquino III signed into law a consolidated House and
Senate bill that seeks to modernize the Bureau of Corrections. RA 10575
otherwise known as The Bureau of Corrections Act of 2013, mainly gives
importance to upgrade prison facilities in the Philippines.
This is a new beginning for BuCor. With the new law, we can now
improve prison facilities, recruit more corrections officers, and implement
more responsive reformation programs for inmates. One of our long-term
goals is to meet international standards in prison administration as
required by the new law
-

Justice Secretary Leila De Lima

The Act took effect on the 15th of June 2013.

Under the new Act, it states that prisons and penal farms must have facilities that
would cater for the inmates benefits; such as dormitories, a hospital, a recreation
and training center, a workshop area and a visiting area (Maruenas, Calonzo,
2013).

I.2.1.3 PRISON HISTORY

Incarceration is the concept of restricting ones freedom as a significant

punishment for crime and is measured depending on the severity of the crime
done.

In the United States, the first

prisons

were

functioned

as

made

and

penitentiaries,

which denotes their detainees as

religious penitents who pay and
serve time as punishment for their
sins. Penitentiaries of the early
times were what people look up
to for their goals of making a
disciplined society. But after all the efforts and high moral aims, penitentiaries
became dirty, dangerous and overcrowded. Until today, maintaining control over
the increasing population in jails has been the primary task.

Photos from: http://www.adpsr.org/home/prison_history

By the late 19th Century, prisons have become a reformatory movement, aiming
to redefine the role of prisons that reforms inmates into model citizens, by
providing work, education and 14ldg.14ling inside the facility. Prisoners were
separated according to age and gender. Minors were separated from adult

prisoners for the first time. And

again, after all the efforts of the
reformatory

movement,

prison

conditions still deteriorates to a

need for control over hostile and
inhumane

conditions.

Two further waves of reform characterize the 20th Century. A 1930s building
wave of rural institutions, where it was assumed to be a help to rehabilitate
prisoners, made a major increase in the size of individual facilities, thus leading
to the nickname of prisons as Big House. Architecture played a major role in
coming up with the better prisons, especially in the aspects of attempting to
provide more daylight and a less oppressive atmosphere within the facility. The
attempt to meet the basic needs in hygiene and safety failed due to the number
of prisoners at a time. There also came a time in the early 1950s, when even
modern social scientists took part in the treatment of prisoners, with the help of
sociologists, counselors, and more new buildings aiming to make more humane
environments. Prisons were switched to the word Corrections to describe the
bureaucracies efforts to administer the correctional needs of prisoners. In this,
architects of the 50s and 60s provided additional facilities for learning,
socialization, activities and rehabilitation in prisons to make it less intimidating.
Yet again, after all the efforts of the government, the sociologists, counselors,
and architects to a gentler Corrections approach, riots in prisons and frequent

presence of prisoner abuse became more common which led to a vocal

prisoners rights movement.

I.2.1.4 VERTICAL FARMING

Photo from: http://skygreens.appsfly.com/Media

Vertical Farming is a method of hightech farming in high-rise buildings

that

primarily

aims

to

provide

alternative solutions and resources to

solve the problems in mass production of food (Fears, 2010). At present, land
used for the production of food is diminishing, also population rates get higher as
years go by, food scarcity will no longer be a shocker in the next few years, and
may be the biggest problem we have to deal with. Also, vertical farming is one of
the key components in sustainability, organic and green architecture.
To be able to live and survive on the surface of the moon and other planets, the
practice of using vertical farming is one thing we have to master (Banerjee, 2009)
In the Philippines, a House Bill known as the Urban Agriculture Act of 2011 was
introduced by Hon. Catalina Cabrera-Bagasina, which seeks to promote urban
farming and vertical farming in cities to solve food production concerns and the
evident disfunctioning of the ecosystem today.

The Bureau of Corrections is currently finding its way to greener and healthier
prisons. The Director of the said agency, USEC Oscar C. Calderon had ordered
the cultivation and propagation of medicinal plants and the establishment of
herbal gardens in the prison and penal farms.

I.2.2 RELATED STUDIES

1.) VERTICAL FARM

Dragonfly Vertical Farm Concept by Vincent Callebaut Architects

Advantages:

Function:

-Every town will possess its own native food source in the safest way possible,
where no drop of water or particle of light is wasted, and where a simple elevator
ride can transport you to natures grocery store.

-No weather-related crop failures due to droughts, floods, pests

-All vertically farmed food is grown organically: no herbicides, pesticides, or
fertilizers
-Vertical farming virtually eliminates agricultural runoff by recycling black water
-Vertical farming returns farmland to nature, restoring ecosystem functions and
services
-Vertical farming greatly reduces the incidence of many infectious diseases that
are acquired at the agricultural interface

Beauty:

-Vertical farming converts abandoned urban properties into food production

centers, hence beautifying the environment rather than to stay dull.
-Vertical farming creates sustainable environments for urban centers, thus
creating a busy place that is more pleasing to the eye than a place with less
people.

Structural:

-Easier access to rooms because of the use of elevators rather than stairs
-Structural work were expensive at first but as time goes by, it will gain the cost
expenditure and gain more profit since the high rise building is capable of
receiving natural lighting and ventilation.

2.) One Central Park by Arch. Jean Nouvel together with Bertram

Beissel
FUNCTION:
-In a land area with dense population, high rise residential building is the key
answer to minimize the usage of lot and to provide a park or an oasis to the city.
-Because it is a high rise building, it is capable of helping the environment to
clean air by means of vertical garden.

-Because of its vertical garden and other sun shades, the inside of the building is
way cooler than that of the outside of the environment, even with natural
ventilation.
BEAUTY:
-The vertical garden became a tourist spot of the place, since in a busy city,
people desire of enlightenment whereas the structure gives an essence of nature.
-The vertical garden is then to give a small neighborhood park a big citywide
presence. The most effective way to do this is to bring its vegetation up into the
sky along the tower facades, where it will be visible in the city from afar.
STRUCTURAL:
-Its structural design uses the advantage of the high rise building to create an
overhanging sunshade or sun rays director at the highest part of the structure,
directing the sunrays to the reflector of the other adjacent building reflecting the
sunlight bounce back to the atmosphere, helping the building itself and the
environment to be cooler.
3.) Flame Towers by Azinko Development MMC. HOK

FUNCTION:
-The tall building gave the capability to have more users in a span of smaller land
area, which to say that tall buildings were created to maximize the use of land.
-Each towering building is to serve as different types of building, one in which as
a hotel, the other is as office and the last is as residential. In this way, the
expected users are estimated and it conforms not to the size of the land occupied
by a tower but by its height. The hotel building is the one with the most expected
number of users so it is designed to be taller than the other two buildings, the
number of users were regulated by number of floors, again, to maximize space.
BEAUTY:
-Because of its tall height, the residents residing in the building and other users
are capable of seeing the beautiful scenery outside the structure.
-The people from afar would easily see and locate the three beautiful towers,
especially at night where the buildings would be lighted with LED light, and the
orange tinted faade glasses would spice up the environment.
-The higher the floor, the more view the user would see, so the higher the room
is located, the higher the cost; which gives credit to the tall height for giving more
profit to the company owner of the building.
STRUCTURAL:
-Because of its tall height, it is made possible for the building to possess the
curve massing that it needs to have in order to conform to the design concept
which is the fire.

-The elevator gives bliss to the users of the building to have a glimpse of the
beautiful scenery outside the building.

4.) Edith Green-Wendell Wyatt Federal Building by SERA corp.

FUNCTION:
-The tall building Edith Green-Wendell Wyatt houses almost of the government
employees of the Portland, and is capable because it possesses more than ten
floors, thus maximizing the floor area.
-The said building also represents that regardless how old the building was, it is
still competent to be transformed to as a sustainable structure that would help the
environment. Because of its height, it is able to easily convert as a green building
as far as natural lighting and rainwater collection is concerned.
BEAUTY:
-The almost invisible structure because of its faade were noticeable, not only

that it compliments with its environment but because its as if it reflects the sky.
And when the spring comes, the beauty of the green feature of the faade
enlightens its environment.
STRUCTURAL:
- The roof canopy of the Wyatt building includes embedded photovoltaics that
generate as much as 200 kilowatts of electricity. A 25,000-square-foot rooftop
canopy includes 13,000 square feet of photovoltaic panels. This installation will
generate 200,000 kilowatt-hours of electricity annually.
-The roof canopy of the tall building also shades the uppermost floors of the 18story tower. Furthermore, in response to the buildings 43 percent glazing-to-wall
ratio, its south, west and east elevations feature steel shading devices that
minimize solar heat gain; they are customized to the unique sun conditions of
each orientation.
-Edith Green-Wendell Wyatts 25,000-square-foot roof canopy funnels rainwater
into a former rifle range, which has been converted into a 165,000-gallon cistern.
Captured storm water is reused for toilet flushing, landscape irrigation and
mechanical cooling.

5.) Zuellig Building by W. V. Coscolluela& Associates, Manila

FUNCTION:
-One good thing about a tall building is the opportunity to have mixed use type of
building, Zuellig building has five levels for parking slots, two-storey retail
podium, and other else is an office tower.
-The free standing plan of the high rise building of Zuellig allows offices to be
fitted out so that over 90% of all work stations will benefit from daylight and
outdoor views.
BEAUTY:
-The tower gains its identity from the ceramic frit-pattern of the glass curtain wall
at its faade. It was inspired by bamboo and flowing water, this unique texture

refers to native organic motifs and serves to complement the shading capabilities
of the building envelope.
-Simplicity of expression is achieved with the all glass faade and the use of
large floor-to-ceiling glazing panels.
STRUCTURAL:
-By its use of double-paned, low-emissivity (low-E) glass system ensures that
heat gain and energy loss are minimized, while penetration of natural light is
maximized.
-Water conservation is considered in planning the construction, it includes the
efficient management of potable water, the capture of rain and condensate water
and the use of water saving surface material all throughout the faade of the
tower.
-They also include a power-saving lighting technology wherein a daylight
dimming system relying on photocells keeps the required lighting levels in
common spaces by lessening electric lighting, based on the amount of daylight in
space.

1.3RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The purpose of this study is to introduce possible solutions such as the
implementation of vertical planning to the development of prisons in the
Philippines. It is a concept to keep abreast of new and improved facilities that
would solve the problem of prison congestion.

The purpose of this chapter is to describe (1) research design (2) research
instruments (3) research locale (4) population, universe and subject of studies (5)
sampling procedure (6) statistical treatment.

I.3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN

The paper focuses on the main issue encountered in most of the prison, i.e.,
overcrowding, lack of resources, health concerns of a prisons and psychological
spatial impact to the user. The researcher used qualitative research which is
based on perception, values and attitudes. The researcher based the paper
solely on descriptive method which happens to be under qualitative research. It is
used to help increase the researchers understanding and knowledge about the
activities and needs of both the people and the facility involved in the study.

I.3.2 RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

Data gathering methods included interviews, ocular visits, observations, online
articles and questionnaires. The researcher used a variety of methods to achieve
triangulation to increase the validity of the results. A short description of each of
the main methods used is presented below:
Interviewing proceeds much like a dialogue between informant and interviewer.
Questions are open-ended and the interviewer makes an active effort at building
bond with the informant.

Observation emphasizes observing and recording actual behavior, rather than

reported or recalled behavior. Observations may focus on an individual (inmate)
or a location (prison). Two types of observation were used during the process; (1)
Natural Observation, where the researcher observed people from afar including
their actions and conversations and (2) Participant Observation, where the
researcher himself participated in some activities of the participants during the
ocular visit.
Online articles of credible sources from online magazines, news websites, and
forums are also a consideration in the process of acquiring data.
Ocular visits were done to best understand the current situations that the
researcher is trying to give solution.

I.3.3 CASE STUDIES

Case studies can help in the process of anticipating possible solutions for
different problems present in existing prisons in the country. This portion consists
of several data gathered from books, websites, magazines, documentaries and
ocular visits. This is vital in this study for the acquisition of a deeper insight of
prison design and culture. The main focus of the case study is the New Bilibid
Prison in Muntinlupa City, Philippines.

I.3.3.1 NEW BILIBID PRISON

Location:

Sampaguita

Road,

Muntinlupa City, National Capital

Region 1776

The New Bilibid Prison is a

penitentiary facility that is run
and

maintained

by

the

Bureau of Corrections under

the

supervision

of

the

Department of Justice. The penitentiary, situated in the city of Muntinlupa,

Philippines, acts as the main insular penitentiary that house the majority of prison
population in the country.

The NBP had a land area of 551 hectares before the Former President Corazon
C. Aquino issued the Presidential Proclamation No. 792 which was later
amended by the Presidential Proclamation No. 120 on December 15, 1992 that
states the effect that 104.22 hectares of the land, be developed into a housing
project, known as the Katarungan Village, for the benefit of the employees of the
Department of Justice and other government agencies.
The National Bilibid Prison is the flesh and bones of the National Penitentiary and
it has been there since the late 1940s, it was completed in the year 1944 while
the country was being bombarded during World War II. It houses 22,000
convicted prisoners of the total prison population of 34,000 prisoners. It explains
that the NBP hosts almost 64% of the entire prison population of the whole

archipelago. It is also considered as the biggest facility among the other 7

prisons and penal farms operated and maintained by the BuCor.
NBP is a place where infamous death penalty execution chamber is located. Also,
the central office of the Bureau of Corrections is co-located here, where the
Director of Corrections and its division staffs hold their administrative post.
The Bureau of Corrections follows its programs on Reformation and Restorative
Justice for the prisoners through the following systems:
Healthcare Program
Education and Skills Development
Livelihood and Livelihood Training
Moral and Spiritual Enlightenment
Sports and Recreation Program
Behavioural Modification

Facilities such as a hospital, e-shops, souvenir shops, canteen, chapel, and open
recreation courts comprise the NBP to be able to support and enhance the
programs provided by the BuCor for the inmates.

OCULAR VISIT

To fully enhance the data at hand, the researcher had conducted an ocular visit
at the New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City, Philippines. Newly acquired data
and observations were noted by the researcher as a guide to the entire design
process.
The prison community is where one could find all offenders who were sensibly
removed from free society, to be segregated from their community of orientation,
physically deprived of family life, forced to live in a highly communal, almost
dictatorial and regimented, grossly formulated routine of daily life for a specified
judicially prescribed period.

PRISON LAYOUT
The prison compound proper had an
area of 300 x 300 meters or a total of
nine hectares and is surrounded by
three layers of barbed wire.
Currently,

the

facility

has

three

imposing prison camps, each located

Photo form Google Map

one kilometer away from another; the Maximum Security Compound, the Medium
Security Compound, and the Minimum Security Camp.
The total number of inmates residing in the entire complex is 22,000, and
obviously has exceeded the accommodation level of 10,000; thus, making the
congestion rate almost 150%.

Image of the researcher with the BuCor on the background

Inside the facility, lies the central headquarters of the Bureau of Corrections,
where the Director of Corrections and its division staffs hold their administrative
post.

PRISON FACILITIES

The NewBilibid Prison also houses a talipapa

(market)where

the

prisoners

can

buy

commodities. Educational facilities inside the

compound provide elementary education, high
school education, vocational training and adult
Image of the Talipapa

literacy programs. It also provides a Bachelors Degree in Commerce.

PRISON CONDITION

Frankly speaking, the security from outside

to the inside of the compound is just a big
question
Image showing the road going to the
Maximum Security Camp

mark.

Not

enough

security

measures were executed for visitors to be

able to enter the site. No wonder how easily inmates can escape the facility.

Surprisingly,

inmates

of

the

maximum security camp have a

blueprint

of

the

said

camp.

Regardless of whether they made

Image of the inmate with the blueprint

it themselves or someone from the security handed it to them, it is and obviously

is a big no no.
The cruel conditions in prisons are as a result of the framework of
retribution and punishment in the Philippines prison system. In some instances,
prisoners are punished by depriving them
from their basic rights to justice, nutrition
and food, decent shelter and clean and
potable drinking water.
Inside the Medium Security Compound of
the NBP, political prisoners occupy one cell
with some 80-90 other inmates, one cell
can only accommodate up to 30 inmates.
With these small rooms, inmates sleep
lying sideways and sometimes sitting. At
night,

lavatory

becomes

sleeping

quarter by simply putting a cover on the

Image showing improvised mezzanine floor

toilet seat.

While touring the area, the researcher had noticed that in some buildings, onestorey cells are made with a high ceiling, but in order to make themselves places
to stay, the inmates have gotten a way. They provided mezzanine floors as an
extension of the cells.

This situation is highly in direct contrast with the very comfortable situation of
wealthy inmates who have comfortable cells, air-conditioning, flat-screen
televisions, laptops, queen-size bed, multiple cellular phones, and unlimited
access to the internet. They are also allowed to freely roam around the prison
compound at any time of the day.

Image of the handicrafts made personally by the inmates

The inmates are engaged in the production of several handicrafts. Also, various
religious organizations are active in the prison and daily masses are held in the
prisons chapel. Medical services are given by religious groups and charitable
organizations such as the Seventh-day Adventist Church, Amazing Grace
Christian ministries, Philippine Prison Jesuit Service and Caritas Manila.

I.4SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS

I.4.1 PRESENTATION OF COLLECTED DATA

All data collected should be presented and analyze carefully to have a supporting
element on the proposed vertical prison. The solution will be based on the data
and statistic gathered and from the interviews, ocular visitation and personal
observations outcome.

Fig. 1 - Organizational Chart of the DoJ

Fig. 2 - Inmate population of the 7 prisons and penal farms of BuCor

Figure 2 shows the distribution of the total number of prisoners in custody of BuCor,
into its seven (7) prisons and penal farms as of December 31, 2013.
Based on data acquired, the overall congestion rate in Bucor prison facilities is at
139%, for the year 2013 (see Fig. 3), Being Davao Prison and Penal Farm, the one
with the highest congestion rate of 249%.

CAPACITY
PRISON FACILITIES

NBP

PRISON

% SHARE

POPULATION

8,460
PMA

22,362

CONGESTION
RATE

58%

164%

41

CIW Mandaluyong

1,525

2,193

6%

44%

IPPF

1,265

2,444

6%

93%

DPPF
CIW Mindanao
SRPPF
SPPF
LRP
TOTAL

1,719

6,001

16%

249%

372

303

--

802

1,547

4%

93%

1,391

2,123

6%

53%

584

1,561

4%

167%

16,118

38,575

100%

139%

Table 1 Congestion Rate of Prison Facilities

The annual average population growth is 2.18% or 805 inmates per year. Fig. 4
shows the BuCor 5-Year Population Growth Chart from 2009-2013.

Graph 1 Annual Prison Population

2013 number of escapees was the lowest recorded in twenty-five years. Despite
given drawbacks, there was a 40% decrease in escapes compared to 2012.
Various improvements in the overall prison security policies, systems, and
procedures resulted in marked reduction of escapees in 2013 as compared to the
previous year. The level of escape in 2013 is a record low since 1989. The

graphical representation below shows a remarkable decline in escapes despite

the increasing trend of inmate population.

Graph 2 Graph showing escape rate

Special
Classes

HIGH
ELEMENTARY

SCHOOL

COLLEGE

VOCATIONAL

for Youth
Offenders
(SCYO)

NBP

61

179

168

469

CIW

229

41

33

268

IPPF
1022

SRPPF

111

SPPF

175

School

&

of Fine

APPLIED

Arts

TRAINING

(SOFA)

23

35

209

Alternative

LANGUAGE

PERSONALITY

Learning

& ISLAMIC

DEVELOPMENT

System

VALUES

SEMINAR

TOTAL
GRADUATES

656

428

2, 373
113

2, 222

90

3,585
621
356

142

4,193

176

400
175
51

1,598

ENROLEES

EDUCATION

85

LRP
TOTAL

ARABIC

50

62

DPPF

ADULT
LITERACY

876

201

912

23

385

35

2,937

Table 2 Educational Programs and Activities

51
192

2, 222

90

9,381

Fig. 6 shows the data of the educational programs and activities of the BuCor,
and the number of its participants. The table shows that the DPPF has the
highest number of enrollees as compared to the others.
NBP

CIW

SRPPF

LRP

SPPF

DPPF

IPPF

TOTAL

Basketball

2,131

30

100

480

173

725

20

3,659

Volleyball

177

519

30

630

54

514

60

1984

Badminton

196

10

45

202

35

492

SepakTakraw

100

14

24

138

Table Tennis

131

70

207

Lawn Tennis

985

30

1019

1,786

120

45

1,951

Chess

648

110

766

Dama

270

20

126

312

728

Scrabble

132

309

30

475

Dart

100

100

Boxing

32

32

529

346

57

149

1081

10

10

2,354

115

3,701

470

6,640

Swimming

245

245

Recreation:Film Viewing

400

784

1184

1,122

67

1,195

150

326

57

533

10, 579

1, 231

726

1, 446

1, 729

5, 912

816

22,439

Billiard & Pool

Dance
Domino
Exercise

Videoke

Entertainment Programs
TOTAL

Table 3 Sports, Recreation and Wellness Programs

At least 22,439 inmates or 58%of total inmate population actively participated in

sports, recreation and wellness programs that included jogging, chess, ballroom
dancing, badminton, boxing, calisthenics, table tennis, weight lifting, lawn tennis,
musical band practice, to name a few.

NBP
CIW IPPF SPPF DPPF SRPPF LRP TOTAL
Ecumenical Prayers
8, 658
300
632
1, 400
Evangelization (Bible Study)
200
22
31
25
30
Worship
100
660 221 4, 737
Devotional Activity
4, 318
560 130
30
Other services
1, 500
Mass
1, 300
300
14
1, 200
Baptism, etc.
103
1
Formation
2, 749
111 1, 052
Guidance Counselling
568
TOTAL
17, 896 1,900 2,152 499 5,820 1,425 1,260 30,952
Table 4 Moral and Spiritual Programs

Religious services, counseling sessions,

and

other

moral/spiritual

formation

activities are regularly conducted by

BuCor chaplaincy staff and faith-based
volunteer groups.

Moral and Spiritual

activities also benefited at least 30,952 inmates or 80% of the total inmate
population.

REHABILITATION
NBP

CIW

IPPF

DPPF

SRPPF

SPPF

LRP

TOTAL

% of Participation

Target

SERVICES
EDUCATION

3,585

621

356

4,193

400

175

51

9,381

24%

12%

267

2,161

100

4,971

225

30

26

7,780

20%

10%

10,579

1,231

816

5,921

726

1,729

1,446

22,448

58%

40%

17,896

1,900

2,152

5,820

1,425

499

1,260

30,952

80%

80%

1,208

630

947

3,554

492

620

562

8,013

21%

30%

17,382

690

384

5,890

668

201

240

25,455

66%

100%

DRUG TREATMENT
AND
REHABILITATION Therapeutic
Community Program
SPORTS and
RECREATION
RELIGIOUS
ACTIVITIES
WORK PROGRAMS
HEALTH AND
WELFARE
PROGRAMS
Table 5 BuCor-s 6 Major Rehab Programs

I.4.2 NEEDS ANALYSIS

The chart, data and photos show how congestion is felt inside prison facilities.
Due to congestion, the availability of resources is limited. Prison congestion also
has a big influence on an inmates health and well-being. In addition, there are
charts that show major rehabilitation programs of the prisons, where more than a
number of inmates participate. These programs are often conducted in an
unorganized and clattered environment due to obsolete rehabilitation facilities.

From the data gathered from the conducted ocular visit, it shows that both the
users and the facilities need some amendment and provisions to ensuring better
and efficient environment.The charts, tables and data show the increasing rates
of congestion and the insufficient efforts of the agencies to stabilize prison
facilities in the Philippines.
Despite the modernization of the systemand facilities, the New Bilibid Prison still
faces issues such as congestion and lack of supplies. Over-crowded or prison
congestion is still a major concern as there are no enough living space or
unsuitable for living. Some prisoners have to take turn for their sleeping schedule
because there are the undersized cells with poor ventilation. Unsanitary
conditions are compounded by defective comfort rooms and lack of potable water
system. In New Bilibid Prison, prisoners have to draw water from a deep well.
The BuCor solves this temporarily by transferring prisoners to other penitentiaries
under their govern.

CHAPTER I.5CONCLUSIONS ANS RECOMMENDATIONS

After gathering, analyzing and comparison of data as shown from the previous
chapters, it is necessary to give correct and appropriate solutions to the given
problem as needed in the implementation of the proposal.
The implementation of vertical planning in prison designs is a great solution to
prison congestion, mainly because it would provide properly planned facilities,
better circulation, and more access to natural air and lighting. Also, it anticipates

the need for vertical expansion in cases of future developments, without having
to deal with the issue of availability of land resources.
Solution to the stated problems is the concept of vertical planning of prison
facilities which can help avoid the issues on congestion, lack of resources,
violence and health, and also helps in easy monitoring of the facility and the
inmates.
Urban settings are in need of developments in design practices, being
sustainability, which reduces energy, food, and water cost, as the most efficient
solution to innumerable issues rising in institutional establishments catering longterm residents, such as prisons.
The need of innovation is required for a more sustainable and rehabilitative
outcome, to be able to provide solution not only for the needs of the users but
also to the problem regarding the existing condition of prisons in the country.

CHAPTER II
RESEARCH FOCUS
II.1 RATIONALE
In the past decade, impact of tall buildings in shaping the urban development, is
a great and effective response to exploring questions of density, alternative land
use patterns and sustainability.
As the global population rises and cities become more crowded, the fabric of
urban centers is changing (Davison, 2014). Urban areas today are suffering from
congestion due to lack of land resources that would cater all the basic human
needs of every individual. In response to the fast growing issue, the
conceptualization of vertical planning of buildings was taken into consideration.
Vertical planning is an architectural approach to the increasing problems brought
about by congestion. With this, the availability of existing land resources would
not be so much of an issue in providing improved and better facilities.
By building vertically, we can save energy, support our growing population and
preserve our horizontal spaces for food production, nature and recreation.
We have to find the solution of how to move towards more density but to keep
the human scale- Yosuke Hayano, MAD Architects
II.2 PRINCIPLES AND RELEVANCE TO THE PROJECT
High-rise buildings can be a suitable solution for criteria, requirements and
constraints of a considerable number of functions and the right answer to the

needs and necessities of surrounding. High-rise buildings can be used as

residential, commercial and administration complexes, and in this case, a prison.
Furthermore, they can accommodate different activities related to each other in
one building.
Reasons for taking the trend of constructing high rise buildings:
There are many reasons to establish a high rise building investment project. And
they are as follows:

Rapid growth of population in urban communities, and therefore the

constant pressure of the limited land area affected the evolution of
building;

Expensive land prices;

Restriction of random expansion in major cities adjacent to agricultural

land;

The high cost of setting up infrastructure for new cities;

Expression of progress and civilization;

High rise buildings design standards:

There are many building design standards that must be taken into consideration
when designing high rise buildings and they are as follows:

Location & surrounding building planning;

Projects scale and the general view;

Keeping an open city view;

Environment (handling wind issues shadows otherenvironmental

issues);

Transportation & car parking;

On the level of ground floor policies;

Infrastructure, energy efficiency & sustainable development;

Management & operation;

Safety and security and building standards

Eco-friendly high rise buildings design standards:

Environmental standards must be applied when designing high rise buildings. As
most of the countries nowadays seek to achieve sustainable buildings to
maintain the efficiency of the building through applying the following:

Use of renewable energies;

Use of eco-friendly construction materials;

Water rationalization inside the high rise building;

Air Quality inside the high rise building;

Proper lighting inside of the building;

Color selection philosophy;

Acoustic design;

Building security issues and its design;

Environmentally compatible architectural style

II.3 APPLICATION TO THE PROJECT

This project aims to bring the users a new building typology of a prison facility.
With this, the structure will provide a habitable and humane space that would
enhance inmates mental refuge and psychological well-being.
The utilization of vertical planning in the design of prison facilities aims to:

Employ a modular design to maximize flexibility;

Improve such facility in terms of zoning;

Solve issues on prison congestion;

Enhance sanitation and hygiene attributes of inmates;

CHAPTER III
SITE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS
III.1 SITE SELECTION PROCESS
III.1.1 CRITERIA FOR SITE SELECTION
1.

Offset to civilization (Distance from civilization)

2.

Topography

3.

Integration of Inmate livelihood

4.

Local security

5.

Site Size

6.

Isolation to society for security reasons

7.

Accessibility

8.

Property Owner (government)

III.1.2 SITE OPTION DESCRIPTION

Site 1 Barangay Lingga, Calamba City, Laguna

Fig. 10 - Map of the Proposed Site 1 (Source: wikimapia.org/28531134/Brgy-Lingga-Calamba-City-Laguna)

Coordinates: 1412'39"N 12110'58"E

Lingga is a barangay of the Philippine component city,City Of Calamba in the

province Laguna in CALABARZON which is part of the Luzon group of islands.
Barangay Lingga has a population of 5, 817 as of 2010 and has a total land area
of 45 hectares.
The site has a total land area of 66, 241 m 2, currently situated in an Agricultural
Development Zone.

Site 2Barangay Banadero, Calamba City, Laguna

Fig. 11 - Map of the Proposed Site 2 (Source: wikimapia.org/28531134/Brgy-Banadero-Calamba-City-Laguna)

Coordinates: 1413'14"N 1219'48"E

Banadero is a barangay of the Philippine component city,City Of Calamba in the

province Laguna in CALABARZON which is part of the Luzon group of islands.
Barangay Banadero has a population of 7, 116 as of 2010 and has a total land
area of 190 hectares.
The site has a total land area of 33, 994 m 2, currently situated in an Agricultural
Development Zone.

Site 3 Barangay Pansol, Calamba City, Laguna

Fig. 12 - Map of the Proposed Site 3 (Source: wikimapia.org/28531134/Brgy-Pansol-Calamba-City-Laguna)

Coordinates: 1410'29"N 12110'47"E

Pansol is a barangay of the Philippine component city,City Of Calamba in the
province Laguna in CALABARZON which is part of the Luzon group of islands.

Barangay Banadero has a population of 10, 868 as of 2010 and has a total land
area of 528.20 hectares with zoning classification of Upland Conservation Zone
Urban, Redevelopment Zone, Forest Buffer Zone and Agricultural Development
Zone.

Site 4BarangayCuyambay, Tanay, Rizal

Fig. 13 - Map of the Proposed Site 4 (Source: Municipal Hall of Tanay, Rizal)

Tanay is a 1st class municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. It is located

57 kilometers east of Manila, although a typical commute between Manila and
Tanay will take between one to three hours depending upon traffic conditions. It
contains portions of the Sierra Madre Mountains and is bordered by Antipolo City
in the northeast, Baras, Morong and Teresa in the west, General Nakar (Quezon
Province) in the east, and Pililla, Santa Maria (Laguna province) as well as the
lake

Laguna

de

Bay

in

the

south.

The site is of 300 has situated in the Barrios of Laiban, San Andres and Tinucan
in the Municipality of Tanay, Province of Rizal.

III.1.3 SITE SELECTION AND JUSTIFICATION

Criteria for Evaluation

Offset to civilization (Distance from civilization)

Topography
Integration of Inmate livelihood
Local security
Site size
Isolation to society for security reasons
Accessibility
Property Owner (government)
Total Rating

Site 1

Site 2

Site 3

Site 4
7

Based on the total rating of each site according to the Criteria, Site 4, which is in
Barangay Cuyambay, Tanay, Rizal is the most appropriate site for the
proposed national penitentiary.
III.2 SITE EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS
III.2.1 THE MACRO SETTING
The province of Rizal is located
directly on the east of Metro Manila,
bounded on the north by Bulacan
Province,

on

the

east

by

the

province of Laguna and Quezon,

and on the south by Laguna de Bay.
The province is accessible from
Manila via Ortigas Avenue and from
Quezon City, via Marcos Highway

Fig. 14- Map of the Province of Rizal

and Sumulong Highway.

Tanay, Rizal is situated in Region 4B (CALABARZON), and its geographical
coordinates are 14 29' 50" North, 121 17' 11" East.
Tanay is a second order administrative division in the region of Rizal, with an
average elevation of 518 meter above sea level.Tanays topography is a
combination of valleys and mountains; and the rugged ridges and rolling hills
which form part of the Sierra Madre Mountain ranges in the eastern portion.
Tanays population consists of a majority of Tagalogs who live near the Laguna
de Bay, while some significant number of mountain dwelling people lives in the
northern portions of the municipality. The towns major trades are fishing,
agriculture and regional commerce.

CULTURAL FACTORS

City/

Area

Percent

Area

Percent

Municipality

(Hectares)1

Distribution

(Km.)

Distribution

Angono

Antipolo City

Baras

2,600

1.99

26.22

2.23

30,608

23.38

306.10

26.03

2,340

1.79

84.93

7.22

Binangonan

7,270

5.55

66.34

5.64

Cainta

1,020

0.78

26.81

2.28

Cardona

3,120

2.38

28.56

2.43

Jalajala

4,930

3.77

44.12

3.75

Morong

3,760

2.87

37.58

3.20

Pililla

7,400

5.65

69.95

5.95

Rodriguez

31,278

23.90

172.85

14.70

San Mateo

6,489

4.96

55.09

4.68

Tanay

24,337

18.59

200.00

17.01

Taytay

3,880

2.96

38.80

3.30

Teresa

1,860

1.42

18.61

1.58

TOTAL

130,892

100.00

1,175.96

100

Table 6 Land Area by Municipality (Rizal), 2008 (Source:1 ENR Statistical Profile CY 2005, Rizal Province (PENRO-Rizal)

Tanay, together with the municipality of Rodriguez and the City of Antipolo, have
the biggest land areas among all the municipalities of Rizal. The combined land
area of the three local government units totals to 86, 223 hectares corresponding
to 66.0 percent of Rizals total land area.

Population
City/

Pop.
2007

2000

2007
%

Municipality

Shar
e

Density
APG 2000

Area

2007

Sq. Km.

%
Share

2000
2007

RIZAL

1,707,218 2,284,046 100 4.10 1,452

1,942 1,175.96 100

Antipolo

470,866

633,971

27.76 4.22 1,538

2,071 306.10

26.03

Cainta

242,511

289,833

12.69 2.51 9,046

10,811 26.81

2.28

Taytay

198,183

262,485

11.49 3.98 5,108

6,765 38.80

3.30

Binangonan 187,691

238,931

10.46 3.41 2,829

3,602 66.34

5.64

Rodriguez

115,167

223,594

9.79 9.65 666

1,294 172.85

14.70

San Mateo 135,603

184,860

8.09 4.40 2,461

3,356 55.09

4.68

Angono

74,668

97,209

4.26 3.73 2,848

3,707 26.22

2.23

Tanay

78,223

94,460

4.14 2.65 391

472

200.00

17.01

Pililla

45,275

58,525

2.56 3.63 647

837

69.95

5.95

Morong

42,489

50,538

2.21 2.44 1,131

1,345 37.58

3.20

Cardona

39,003

44,942

1.97 1.99 1,366

1,574 28.56

2.43

Teresa

29,745

44,436

1.95 5.73 1,598

2,388 18.61

1.58

Baras

24,514

31,524

1.38 3.55 289

371

84.93

7.22

Jalajala

23,280

28,738

1.26 2.97 528

651

44.12

3.75

Table 6 Rizal Population, Annual Population Growth Rate (APGR), Density, Area, by City/Municipality,
2000 and 2007 (Source: Source: National Statistics Office)

Among the14 municipalities in the province of Rizal, Tanay is the 8 th most

populated municipality, with a total population count of 94, 460 as of 2007.

Fig. 15- Land Use Map of Tanay, Rizal (Source: http://vm.observatory.ph/findings.html)

Most of lands in Tanay is used as an Agricultural and Production, and Protected

land mainly used as a reservation site.

NATURAL FACTORS

Fig. 16- Risk to Typhoon (Source: http://vm.observatory.ph/findings.html)

There is a medium-low occurence of periods with extreme drought. Flooding risk

is extremely high. There is an extremely high chance of cyclones hitting Tanay.

Fig. 17 - Risk to Earthquakes (Source: http://vm.observatory.ph/findings.html)

Tanay can have ruinous earthquakes (on average one every 50 years), with
occurrences at 7> Richter. The ground may move in waves or ripples destroying
bridges and bending rails.

Fig. 18 - Natural Dangers in Tanay, Rizal (Source: http://vm.observatory.ph/findings.html)

Flooding risk is extremely high. Natural occurrences of landslides are low to

medium.

Fig. 19Average monthly precipitation (Source: www.weather-and-climate.com)

Tanay, Rizal experiences the highest amount of rainfall on August with more than
375 mm.

Fig. 20Average monthly rainy days (Source: www.weather-and-climate.com)

June to October are the months with longer rain periods with an average of more
than 15 days.

Fig. 21Average wind speed (Source: www.weather-and-climate.com)

Tanay has an average wind speed of 2 kph experienced on the months June to
December. March and April having a wind speed of more than 4 kph.

Fig. 22Average monthly hours (Source: www.weather-and-climate.com)

The above graph shows the minimum and maximum temperature over the year.

III.2.2 THE MICRO SETTING

Barangay Cuyambay, Tanay, Rizal

Fig. 23Map of Tanay, Rizal

(Source: Google Images)

The site sits on a

restoration site that is
approximately situated
between 1211930 to
1212015
and

longitude

143630

143715

to

latitude;

approximately 433 to
525 meters above sea
level.

The area is owned and managed by the Rizal Provincial Government (RPG) and
within the 2,334 hectares Palayanng Bayan covering Brgy. Laiban, Tinukan,
San Andres and Cuyambay. Tanay is included in the Marikina Watersheds
Reservation. The restoration site is considered to be part of the southern foothills
of the Southern Sierra Madre Mountains.

Fig. 24site (Source: Google Earth)

The site has uneven terrain which varies from low-lying areas with relatively flat
to moderately steep slopes ie 0 to 11.3 degrees, and some portion with steep
slopes (about 17 degrees) such as valleys or rolling hill portions.

The site is accessible via Marcos Highway passing through Masinag, Cogeo and
Boso-Boso.By the end of 2007,Cuyambay had 2,265 residents.

The chosen site was once an option for the new location of the New Bilibid
Prison.

III.2.3 LAWS AND ORDINANCES PERTANING TO THE SITE

National Building Code of the Philippines
Section 105.

Site Requirements.

The land or site upon which shall be constructed any building or structure, or any
ancillary or auxiliary facility thereto, shall be fully compliant with applicable laws,
sanitary, hygienic, secure and safe. In the case of sites or buildings intended for

use as human habitation or abode, the same shall be at a safe distance, as

determined by competent authorities, from bodies of moving/ still water and/or
sources of pollution; from a volcano or volcanic site and/or any other building/
structure considered to be a potential source of fire or explosion.

Section 701. Building Occupancy Classified.

(4) Group D. Institutional Buildings, which shall include:
(i) Division 1. Mental hospitals, mental sanitaria, jails, prisons, reformatories and
buildings where personal liberties of inmates are similarly restrained.

Section 707. Maximum Height of Buildings.

(a) The maximum height and number of floors/ levels of every building shall
be dependent upon the character of occupancy and the type of
construction as determined by the NBO considering population density,
building bulk, widths of streets and parking requirements. The height shall
be measured from the highest adjoining sidewalk or ground surface:
Provided, that the height measured from the lowest adjoining surface shall
not exceed such maximum height by more than three meters (3.0 m):
Except, that towers, spires and steeples, erected as part of a building/
structure and not used for habitation or storage are limited as to height
only by structural design if completely of incombustible materials, or may

extend not to exceed 6.0 m above the height limits for each occupancy
group if of combustible materials.
(d) The following factors must likewise be considered in the determination of
the building height:
(1) Soil characteristics, lot location in relation to fault lines and earthquake
belts or proximity to volcanoes and other geological conditions.
(2) Hydrological conditions such as the water table at the site and distance to
waterways and shorelines.
(3) Meteorological conditions such as the frequency and intensity of
destructive typhoons/ monsoon winds/ rains, prevailing wind speed and
direction, relative humidity, amount of precipitation and the prevailing ambient
conditions.
(4) Effect/s of environmental conditions on the building/ structure and vice
versa coupled with the effective control of air, noise and thermal pollution,
radiant heat, reflected light/ heat and cast shadows, etc., and the optimization
of natural light and ventilation.
(5) Effect/s of traffic conditions on the building/ structure and vice versa and
the satisfaction of parking/ loading requirements in accordance with this
Section.
(6) Availability and capacity of public utility/service system considering the
availability and adequacy of electric power, potable and non-potable water

supply, drainage and sewerage, transportation and communications facilities,

solid waste management system, etc.
(7) Need for applicable building safety and maintenance systems e.g.
lightning arresters, beacons, protective railings and barriers, gondolas,
window washing systems, etc.

III.3 SITE DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS

III.3.1 SITE ANALYSIS

Fig. 25Map of site (Source: Google Earth)

The land area is not cultivated, most of the natural vegetation is still intact. The
landscape is mostly covered with closed to open broadleaved evergreen or semidecidious forest. The soil in the area is high in nitosols, andosols, soil with deep,
clay-enriched lower horizon with shiny ped surfaces.
The site having an average temperature of 28 degree Celsius over the year.

Fig. 26Map of Tanay, Rizal (Source: Municipal Hall of Tanay)

Marcos Highway
The site is divided into two by the Marcos Highway.

Sun path
Today
June 21
December 21
Annual variation
Equinox (March and September)
Sunrise/sunset
Sunrise
Sunset
Time
00-02
03-05
06-08
09-11
Fig. 27Sun Path Diagram (Source: Google Images)

12-14
15-17
18-20
21-23

ROAD

Fig. 28Wind Analysis

III.3.2 PROPOSED SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Fig. 29 Site (Source: Google Images)

The main location of the prison facility is on the southern portion of the lot. The
northern portion will primarily house agriculture.

Fig. 30Proposed Site Development Plan

Fig. 31Proposed Site Massing

RELATED APPENDICES

Fig. 32Transfer Certificate Title of Site 1

Fig. 33Transfer Certificate Title of Site 2

Fig. 34Transfer Certificate Title of Site 3

Fig. 35Transfer Certificate Title of Site 4

REFERENCE
http://attylaserna.blogspot.com/2010/05/overcrowded-prisons-in-philippinesred.html
http://eveof87.blogspot.com/2010/09/jail-congestion-problems-in-judicial.html
http://www.catanduanestribune.com/article/2A5A
http://www.adpsr.org/home/prison_history
http://skygreens.appsfly.com/Media
http://www.brighthub.com/environment/scienceenvironmental/articles/39036.aspx#imgn_0

http://www.insidergreen.com/possibilities-vertical-farming-urban-greenhouses/
http://www.cityfarmer.info/2011/07/23/urban-farming-in-metro-manila-philippinessought/
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http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/towards-more-humane-prisonsystems.html
http://www.hg.org/article.asp?id=31513
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http://lexoterica.wordpress.com/2013/07/12/modernizing-the-bureau-ofcorrections-for-the-benefit-of-inmates/

http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/310408/news/nation/pnoy-signs-lawmodernizing-bureau-of-corrections
http://www.asiabusinesscouncil.org/docs/BEE/GBCS/GBCS_Zuellig.pdf

http://www.leightonasia.com/en/what-we-do/pages/zuellig-case-studies.aspx

http://www.ronafix.co.uk/zuellig-building-makati-city-case-study.46597.aspx

http://www.emcorgroup.com/files/7814/0726/5896/DynaOR_Wyatt_Fed_Bldg_14
0725.pdf

http://gsa.gov/portal/mediaId/172443/fileName/GSA_EGWW_OPENING_BOOK_
508b.action

http://www.illumitex.com/benefits-vertical-farming/

http://www.hok.com/design/region/europe/baku-flame-towers/

http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=875700

http://global.ctbuh.org/resources/papers/1836-Nouvel_2014_OneCentralPark.pdf
http://openbuildings.com/buildings/new-bilibid-prison-profile-27165

http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2014/oct/30/china-obsession-vertical-citiesskyscrapers-urbanisation-megacity
http://www.g-casa.com/conferences/zagreb/papers/Akram1-HighRise.pdf
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http://rizalprovince.ph/factsandfigures.html
http://vm.observatory.ph/geophys_maps.html
http://www.chinci.com/travel/pax/w/1683322/Tanay/PH/The+Philippines/0/#1|0|tr
avel|pax|0|1683322|Tanay|PH|The%20Philippines|Asia/Manila|53|ADM2|14.5666
667|121.3500000|Rizal
http://rizalprovince.ph/mapssatellitemap.html
http://rizalprovince.ph/mapssatellitemap.html
https://angonodreamnews.wordpress.com/2012/01/13/denr-angono-9-other-rizaltowns-prone-to-landslides-and-floods-warns-other-areas-in-region-4/
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