CemNet Training - Course TCM01

Module 3 - Exercise 2

Cement Manufacturing
Technology
3. Pyroprocessing raw mix to cement clinker.
3.2. Combustion in the cement kiln.

Exercises
Cement Technology Training

2005

Cement Technology

3. Pyroprocessing

3.2 Combustion

In session 3.2 we talked about the combustion in the cement kiln

main burner and the fuels used to fire the kiln.
Try to work out the momentum of the primary air which is
blown into your kilns with the fuel through the main burner.
This directly relates to the efficiency with which the secondary
air is entrained in the flame and therefore the combustion
efficiency in the flame.
You will need to find out the mass or volume of primary air that
is delivered into the kiln in unit time.
Also the velocity at which this primary air is delivered into the
kiln?
What other data can you gather on the main burners of your
kilns, such as the rating of the burner in MW?
Cement Technology Training

2005

Cement Technology

3. Pyroprocessing

3.2 Combustion

In session 3.2 we talked about the combustion in the cement kiln

main burner and the fuels used to fire the kiln.
Equipment or service suppliers on the course can tell us how
their products or services are used in the firing of cement kilns.
How do they promote efficient combustion of the fuels?

Cement Technology Training

2005

3. Pyroprocessing

This document is for the sole use of students enrolled on course TCM01 and cannot be reprinted, reproduced or distributed without prior written consent from Tradeship Publications Ltd 2005
http://training.CemNet.com

CemNet Training - Course TCM01

Cement Technology

Module 3 - Exercise 2

3.2 Combustion

In session 3.2 we talked about the combustion in the cement kiln

main burner and the fuels used to fire the kiln.
During the session we saw that the combustion products of
firing hydrocarbon fuels are CO 2 from the carbon and H 2O from
the hydrogen.
The gross calorific value or high heat content of a fuel is the
energy which would be released by this combustion if the H 2O
produced was condensed to a liquid.
In reality the H 2O does not condense but is exhausted as a
vapour (steam) and therefore the net calorific value or low heat
content of a fuel is the energy which is available from the fuel
when firing a cement kiln.
Cement Technology Training

2005

3. Pyroprocessing

Cement Technology

3.2 Combustion

In session 3.2 we talked about the combustion in the cement kiln

main burner and the fuels used to fire the kiln.
Can you check the composition of the fuels fired on your kilns?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur content?
Ash, moisture, volatile content for solid fuels?
Net and gross calorific value? (Low or high calorific value).

Cement Technology Training

2005

3. Pyroprocessing

Cement Technology

3.2 Combustion

In session 3.2 we talked about the combustion in the cement kiln

main burner and the fuels used to fire the kiln.
Can you calculate the thermal load on the burning zone of your
kilns in GJ/h.m 2?
You will need the diameter and refractory thickness for the
rotary sections of the kilns to work out the cross-sectional
area.
Also the total quantities of fuels burnt on the main burner in
the last year, their net calorific value and the number of
hours run.

Thank You
Cement Technology Training

2005

3. Pyroprocessing

This document is for the sole use of students enrolled on course TCM01 and cannot be reprinted, reproduced or distributed without prior written consent from Tradeship Publications Ltd 2005
http://training.CemNet.com