Ari susanti, 12004292, 085729437333

HYPONYMY
Hyponymy is a term used in semantics as part of the study of the sense relations which relate
lexical items (Crystal, 2008:233) Thus, hyponymy refers to a connection which is some specific
units of language to the general unit.
Spesific unit is words designate particular items or individual cases(Pocatello, 2008:2) thus,
specific unit is the more clearly and exactly presented of term.
General unit is General words refer to large classes and broad area (Pocatello, 2008:2) thus,
general unit is the more universal of term
Lexical item is a unit of vocabulary (Crystal, 2008:279). Thus, lexical item is a term of word
used in a particular language.
Word is as a single unit of language has meaning and can either be spoken or written
(Adeniyi, 2000:46). Thus, word means meaningful group of letters that can be expressed by text
or orally.
Meaning is thing or idea that a word, sentence, etc (Bull,2009:273). Thus, the main information that
consist inside the group of letters, clause is called meaning.

Briefly, hyponymy is a connection between the general unit with the specific units, as an in (1)
and (2) example:
(1).Red
(2).car
In (1) red is word because it is a group of letter which can be expressed by text or orally. Red is a
spesific unit because it is the more clearly and exactly presented of term, Red is general unit
because it is the more universal. Red is lexical item because a term of word used in a particular
language.
Red has meaning, such as the color of blood, (of the face) brigh red or pink because of
embrassment or anger, (of hair) reddish/brown,(infml, pol) having very left-wing political
opinions (Bull, 2009: 368). The semantic features of red are [color, blood, face, bright, red,
pink, embrassment, anger, hair, reddish, brown, wing, politic, and opinions]. Pink means a pale
red color (Bull, 2009:332). It has semantic features, namely [pale, red, color]. Yellow means
the color of lemon or butter,(infml, disapporv) easily frightened (Bull, 2009 :517). It has

semantic features, such as [color, lemon,butter, frightened]. Brown means (having the) color of
earth or coffe with milk, became or make sth brown (Bull, 2009:52). Its semantic features are
[color, earth, coffe, milk, something, brown].
Red, pink, yellow, brown have same component [color]. Because red, pink, yellow, brown have
same component, they are related to color. Red, pink, yellow, brown are colors. Relationship of
lexical items to color refers to hyponymy.
Briefly, red refers one of the lexical items in relationship with similar basic component.
In (2) In car is word because it is a group of letter which can be expressed by text or orally.car is
a spesific unit because it is the more clearly and exactly presented of term, car is general unit
because it is the more universal. Car is lexical item because a term of word used in a particular

language.
Car has meaning, such asmotor vehicle for carrying passengers rail way carriage of particular
type :a~ dining (Bull, 2009: 60).The semantic features of car are [ motor vehicle, carrying
passengers, rail way, particular type]. Bicycle means (also infml) road vehicle with two wheels
that you ride by pushing the pedals with your feet.(Bull,2009:37). It has semantic features [ road
vehicle, two wheels, pushing the pedals, feet]. Bus means large motor vehicle that carries
passages. (Bull, 2009: 55) Its semantic features are [ motor vehicle, passages].
Car, bicycle, bus have same component [vehicle]. Because Car, bicycle, bus have same
component, they are related to vehicle. Car, bicycle, bus are vehicle. Relationship of lexical
items to vehicle refers to hyponymy.
Briefly, Car refers one of the lexical items in relationship with similar basic component

In conclusion, hyponymy means the word showing the relation of specific and general unit

REFERENCES
Adeniyi, Harrison (2000) English Morphology. Abuja: National open university of Nigeria.
Bull, Victoria 2009. Oxford Learners pocket. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Crystal, David.2008.A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics 6th Edition. USA: Blackwell
Publishing.
Pocatello. 2009. Concreteand Specific Language.
http://www.isu.edu/success/writing/handouts/concrete.pdf (04 Desember 2014)

Taken at Indomart kusuma negara/004 jl kusuma Negara semaki Yogyakarta (12 desember
2014)