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Characteristics of crisis:
as threatening.
Natural disaster
Divorce/separation
Unemployment
Unexpected pregnancy
Financial difficulties
Difference between crisis and trauma?
Often we will deal with people and situations with a long history of trauma
Traumatic events overwhelm the ordinary systems of care that give people a sense of
control, connection, and meaning (Herman, 1997).
Intrusion/Reexperiencing
1. Intrusive imagery
2. Flooding
3. Hallucination
4. Dissociation (Flashbacks)
5. Anniversary reactions
6. Unconscious behaviour/re-enactment
7. Intensification by exposure to
Avoidance and Numbing
1. Restricted affect
2. Detachment, isolation, withdrawal, estrangement
3. Amnesia, impaired concentration
4. Loss of interest in meaningful activities
5. Developmental arrestation
6. Sense of foreshortened future
7. Depressed affecttrauma-related
Physiological Hyperarousal
1. Exaggerated startle response
2. Affective hyperarousal
stimuli/ideation
3. Frenetic activity
4. Sleep disturbance
5. Hyper-vigilance and scanning
6. Sensation seeking
7. Pronounced activity to stimulus with trauma association
Dimensions of Trauma
1.Bereavement/loss
2.Imminence/Potential for reoccurrence
3.Duration/Severity
4.Displacement
5.Exposure to death/dying
6.Moral conflict
7.Role in Trauma
8.Location
9.Life threat
10.Complexity of stressor
COMPLEX TRAUMA
Self- mutilation
Eating disorders
Somatization
Loss of Spirituality
Organizational Symptoms:
Cynicism/pessimism
Staff turnover
Physical exercise
Checks the emotional content of experience and decides whether the flight, fight or
freeze response is required
The Hippocampus
Is thought to be responsible for locating the memory of an event in its proper time,
place and context
Checks with the amygdala about the emotional content, if comfortable, sends info
to the cerebral cortex
If content is traumatic, the memory may be fragmented and stored with some
pieces in the body, some as emotional memory, and other pieces get lost and are
not stored at all
Neutral Experiences and the Brain
Trauma can shut down the hippocampus, so that charged sensations and
experiences flood the amygdala and are laid down as implicit memories- blocked
from becoming explicit
Fragments are stored in body, as emotional memory, and some pieces are lost
Mirror Neurons
-sense both the movement of another person and their feelings, preparing us to
imitate the movement and feel with them
-reflect back an action we observe in someone else, making us mimic or have the
impulse to do so.
-make emotions contagious, letting the feelings we witness flow through us,
helping us get in sync and follow whats going on. We feel others emotions,
movements, and sensations.
neuroscientific perspective to lets us talk with clients about how brains function
generally, instead of the problem with theirs
brain is able to regenerate, is more resilient and has more plasticity than we once
believed
Direction from calming prefrontal cortex can help the agitated amygdala
Emotional memories are thought to be relatively indelible, but their expression can
be modified by feedback from the prefrontal cortex
The body of knowledge around the brain, storage of memory, and trauma is
constantly growing and changing. Its a good idea to hold the facts we have
tentatively, especially when it comes to prognosis for recovery of trauma
survivors. We dont want to contribute to the societal conditioning that says
that trauma survivors are broken.
Shirley Turcotte
1. Isolation : Deprives victim of all social support for the ability to resist; develops an
intense concern with self; makes victim dependent upon interrogator.