PSYC FINAL REVIEW:

QUIZ 1:
The biopsycosocial approach provides and understanding of the social-cultural
influences integrated within the larger frame work of
-

Multiple levels of analysis (SQ3R, introspection, and humanistic psychology)

The three key attitudes of scientific inquiry are:

-

Curiosity, skepticism, and humility

The find out whether breast milk feeding contributes to the intellectual development of
children, psychologists used
-

Experiments

The surgical removal o a large tumor from Danes occipital lobe resulted in extensive
loss of brain tissue. Dane is most likely to suffer some loss of
-

visual perception

Exposure to bright light causes the

-

pineal gland to decrease the production of melatonin

the release of stored serotonin and the eventual damage of serotonin-producing

neurons is most closely associated with the long term use of..
-

Ecstasy

The hindsight bias refers to people tendency to

-

Exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome

The placebo effect best illustrates the impact of ___ on feelings and behaviors
-

Positive expectations

A synapse is a
-

Junction between a sending neuron and receiving neuron

The central nervous system consists of

-

The brain and the spinal cord

After discovering that he shadow outside his windows were only the tress in his yard,
ralphs blood pressure decreased and his heartbeat slower. These physical reaction
were the most directly regulated by what?
-

The parasympathetic nervous system

To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task,
researchers would be most likely to make use of what?
-

fMRI

which of the following is a component of the limbic systems that plays an essential role
in processing new memories?
-

Hippocampus

The SQ3R study method emphasizes the importance of

-

Reviewing material

The capacity of one brain areas to take over the functions of another damaged brain
area is known as
-

Plasticity

The simultaneous processing of information at both the conscious and unconscious

levels is called
-

Dual processing

Our inability to consciously process all the sensory information available to us at any
single point in time best illustrates the necessity of
-

Selective attention

Which specialty areas would be interested in identifying the cortical activation pattern
associated with a persons perception of different objects?
-

Cognitive neuroscience

Genital arousal is most likely associated with

-

REM sleep

The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every

-

90 minutes

Night terror typically occur when

-

Following sleep apnea

Hypnosis involves a state of

-

Heightened openness to suggestion

Researchers are most likely to question the value of hypnosis for

-

Enhancing memory

The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs is called
-

Withdrawal

In large doses alcohol is ___. In small amounts it is a _____

-

Depressant, depressant

EXAM 1:
Behaviorists dismiss the value of
-

Introspection

The nature-nurture issues refers to the debate over the relative contribution that ___
make to the development of psychological traits
-

Genes and experiences

Lissette wonders where personality differences her African Americana and Asian
American friends results from biological or cultural influences. In this instance, lissette is
primarily concerned with relative contributions of
-

Nature vs nurture

The cognitive Perspective in psychology focuses on how

-

People encode, process, store, and retrieve information

Clinical psychology specializes on

-

Providing therapy to troubled people

Discovering and prompting human strengths and virtues that help individuals and
communities thrive is the major focus of
-

Positive psychology

The hindsight bias refers to peoples tendency to

-

Exaggerate their ability to have foreseen an outcome

Which of the following is most likely to inhibit critical thinking?

-

Overconfidence

The fact that the same individual won the new jersey lottery on two separate occasions
best illustrates
-

A random occurrence

Three key attitudes of the Scientific inquiry are

-

Curiosity, skepticism, and humility

Critical thinking is smart thinking that involves

-

Evaluating evidence

The case study is a research method is which

-

A single person is studied at great depth

When designing a study, choosing the sample so that the research can make the best
generalization to a larger population should consider if the sample is?
-

All of the above (large enough, representative of the entire population, and
random)

Correlation is a measure of the extent to which two factors

-

Vary together

A research would be most likely to discover a positive correlation between

-

Intelligence and academic success

A correlation between physical attractiveness and dating frequency of +.60 would

indicate that
-

Less frequent dating is associated with lower levels of physical attractiveness

The placebo effect best illustrates the impact of _____ on feelings and behaviors
-

Positive expectations

A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron is called the
-

Action potential

An undersupply of serotonin is most closely linked to

-

Depression

The central nervous system consists of:

-

The brain and the spinal cord

A parasympathetic nervous system

-

Stimulates digestion and slows heartbeat

The part of the central nervous system that carries information from your senses to your
brain and motor-control information to your body parts is the
-

Spinal cord

Which part of the limbic system plays an essential role in the processing of new
memories?
-

Hippocampus

To demonstrate that brain stimulation can make a rat violently aggressive, a

neuroscientist should electrically stimulate the rats
-

Amygdale

The best way to detect enlarged fluid filled brain regions in some patient who have
Schizophrenia is to use a(n)
-

MRI

Auditory information is first processed in the ____ lobes

-

Temporal lobes

Which lobes of the brain receive the input that enables you to feel someone scratching
your back?
-

Parietal

The corpus callosum is a wide band of axons fibers that

-

Transmits information between the cerebral hemispheres

Consciousness is
-

Our awareness of ourselves and the environment

Drivers are slower to detect traffic signals if they talk on a cell phone. This best illustrates
selective attention
-

Selective attention

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

-

Inattentional blindness

The simultaneous process of information of both conscious and unconscious level is

called
-

Dual processing

A specialty area that focuses on the connection between brain activity and mental
processes is known as
-

cognitive neuroscience

Hypnosis involves a state of

-

heightened openness to suggestion

Research on susceptibility to hypnosis indicates that

-

people who are high responsive to hypnotic suggestion tend to become

absorbed in imaginative activities

in your lawyer asks you to undergo hypnosis to recall events you may have forgotten
and that recalling these will help your legal case you should
-

no do it because hypnotically refreshed memories can combine fact with

fiction

the need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is
an indication of
-

tolerance

in the university of Michigan study on drug and alcohol use amongst high school seniors
most of the class though that the results were inaccurate. Then we took out survey in
call and the results were very similar. Which is a reason which many people have
inaccurate idea of usage rates when they were in high school?

All of the above (we think what our close friends are doing is true of most
peers, we hear stories about peers using drugs and alcohol, we dont realize
many peers dont use drugs or alcohol because we dont hear about it

For those with alcohol dependence, when alcohol use is suspended, this leads to
-

Withdrawal

The reckless aggressive behavior that may follow alcohol consumption best illustrates
that alcohol may act as a
-

Disinhibitor

Compulsive craving for and use of a drug is an indication of

-

Addiction

One of the dangers of using ecstasy at all night dances is

-

Dehydration

Sixteen year old Bethany is coming increasingly concerned about her use of marijuana
on the weekends. To reduce her use of this drug Bethany should
-

Stop associating with the friends who are using marijuana

Circadian rhythm refers to

-

The pattern of biological functioning that occurring on a roughly 24 hour

cycle

Fast and jerky movements of the eyes are especially like to be associated with..
-

REM sleep

A periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness that involves the distinct stages
known as
-

Sleep

Genital arousal is most likely associated with

-

REM sleep

REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because

-

Our nervous system is highly active while our voluntary muscle hardly move

Exposure to bright light can cause the

-

Pineal gland to decrease the production of melatonin

People who regularly sleep less than normal experience a ___ risk of depression, and
____ risk of obesity
-

Increased; increased

Sleep deprivation has been shown to

-

Diminish immunity to disease

Mr. Oates always sleep restlessly through the night, snorting and gasping for air. It is
most likely that he suffers from
-

Sleep apnea

REM rebound involves the

-

Tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

A behavior geneticist would be most interested in studying hereditary influences on

-

Personality traits

The impact of our culture backgrounds in development of our personal values best
illustrates the influence of
-

The environment

The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes are called
-

Genes

The personalities of adopted children are

-

Not very similar to the personalities of their adopted parents

A child temperament is likely to be

-

Stable over time

Heritability refers to the extent to which

-

Trait differences among individuals are attributable to genetic variations

The reproductive advantage enjoyed by orgasms best suited to particular environment

is known as
-

Natural selection

Compared with environmentally impoverish rats, those rats housed in enriched

environments experienced a dramatic increase in the number of their
-

Synapses

Lacking any exposure to language before adolescence, a person will never master any
language due to the ___ of unemployed neural connections
-

Pruning

Although Adam didnt care for the taste of fried green tomatoes, he began eating
them he was saw his classmates were doing so. His behavior best illustrates the
importance of
-

Peer influence

A collectivist culture is especially likely to emphasize the importance of

-

Social harmony

Compared with females, males use conversation to

-

Communicate solutions

When looking for someone to whom they can confide their personal worries, women
usually turn to___, men usually turn to____
-

Women; women

A teratogen is a(n)
-

Substance that can cross the placental barrier and harm the unborn child

The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome are most likely to include

-

Brain abnormalities

If research suggested that a pregnant mothers use of an artificial sweetener caused

harm to the fetus, the artificial sweetener would be considered an
-

Teratogen

Maturation refers to
-

Biological influences that are relatively uninfluenced by experience

Piaget was convinced that the mind of a child

-

Develops through a series of stages

According to Piaget, schemas are

-

Peoples conceptual frameworks for understanding their experiences

Which of the following represents the correct order of Piagets stages of cognitive
development
-

Sensorimotor preoperational concrete operational, formal operational

Object permanence is the understanding that

-

Things continue to exist even when they are not perceived

According to Piaget, geocentricism refers to

-

Difficultly perceiving things from another persons point of view

If children cannot grasp the principle of conservation they are unable to

-

Recognize that the quantity of a substance remains that same despite

changed in it shape

An impaired theory of mind is most closely associated with

-

Autism

Vygotsky suggested that new words provide temporary ___ from which children can
step to higher levels of things
-

Scaffolding

The process of imprinting involves the formation of a(n)

-

Attachment

Authoritative parents are likely to have children who

-

Have high self esteem and are self reliant

Lawrence Kohlberg focused on the development of

-

Moral reasoning

According to Kohlberg, morality based on the avoidance of punishment and the

attainment of concrete rewards represents ____ morality
-

Pre conventional

According to Kohlberg, post conventional morality involves

-

Affirmation of self-defined principles

According to Erikson, teens who suffer role confusion have not yet
-

Solidified a sense of identity

According to Erikson, achieving a sense of identity is the special task of the

-

Adolescence

The we aspect of our self-concept that comes from our group membership is our
-

Social identity

A developmental stage between adolescent dependence and responsible adulthood

is called
-

Emerging adulthood

As men advance though middle adulthood, they experience a gradual decline in

-

All of the above (testosterone levels, sperm count, ejaculation speed)

In one 15 year period, more Americans died on the two days after Christmas, than on
the two days before. Is has been suggested that this illustrates
-

Death-deferral phenomenon

Most 20 year old outperform most 70 year olds on video games due to age related
differences in
-

Information processing speed

Research on older people has shown that

-

All of the above (the grow increasingly fearful of death, the become
increasingly prone to car accidents, they experience less life satisfaction than
younger adults)

Aerobic exercise programs during late adulthood stimulate the improvements of

-

Memory

Dementia is most commonly associated with

-

Alzheimers disease

Alzheimers disease involves a deterioration of neurons that produce

-

Acetylcholine

Olivia understands her world primarily by grasping and sucking easily available objects.
Olivia is clearly in Piagets ____ stage
-

Preoperational

Two characteristics of authoritarian parents are that they

-

Impose rules and expect obedience

Parents who are demanding and yet sensitively responsive to their children are said to
be
-

Authoritative