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UNIT I

Narrative text
A. Listening Section
Listening 1.

Listen to the following fable. While listening, complete the missing


words with the words you hear. Then, answer the questions.

THE LION AND THE MOUSE


Mr. Lion was lying 1) . when he was
suddenly 2) . by a mouse running over his face.
The little mouse was being 3) by a wild cat.
"How dare you!" he 4) .., and 5) .
his paw to 6) . the mouse. "Please, Sir," 7)
Miss Mouse, "let me 8) .., and one day
I may do something for you in return. "You

9)

.. me! Ha.....ha.....," 10) .. Mr Lion,


but he let her go.
One day, Mr. Lion was 11) ..in a net 12) by hunters. "I can't
get out!" he roared angrily. "But I can help you," said a tiny voice. Then Miss Mouse 13)
. and 14) . the ropes until the lion was free. "There", she said proudly,
"if you had not let me go, I would not have found a way to help you. "Yes, you should
15) ..her, Mr Lion. She has saved your life", said a monkey who was sitting
on a branch of a tree.

1. Who was caught in a net?


A.

cat.

B. lion.

C. mouse.

D. hunter.

E. monkey.

2. According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?


A.

Mr. Lion was not lying asleep.

B.

The mouse cannot help Mr. Lion.

C.

Miss Mouse was awaked by Mr. Lion.

D.

Miss Mouse was caught in a net spread by hunters.

E.

Mr. Lion was awaked because a mouse running over his face.

3. Why did the mouse run over the lion's face? Because...
A.

she was chased by a wild cat.

B.

she was not afraid of the lion.

C.

she wanted to wake up the lion.

D.

she hoped the lion would help her.

E.

she expected the lion would kill the cat.

4. The main idea of paragraph two is...


A.

A monkey helped Mr Lion.

B.

Mr Lion caught Miss Mouse.

C.

Miss Mouse helped release Mr Lion.

D.

Mr Lion was trapped by the hunters.

E.

The hunters were caught in a net.

B. Speaking
a. Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions. Use your imagination.
1. Do you like the story of The Lion and the Mouse'? Why/why not?
2. What do you think of the Lion, the mouse, and the

monkey? Talk about what you think clearly. See the


following examples.
I think the lion is a very wild animal.
Strong, carnivore, big/large, has sharp nail and teeth
I think the mouse is a very kind animal.
Small, smart, sharp teeth, has tail, ear
I think the monkeys are the funniest animals in the world.
Has fur, climb, like eating banana
I think the cat is tame, thick fur,

b. Lets say. You have a goose and has golden eggs./monkey


1. What will you do with your goose and golden eggs/ monkey?
2. Discuss with your partner!

A: Why do you grow ..? cat, chicken, caw


B: Because it helps me to chase the mouse

c. Create a Play/Drama. Choose a suitsble topic for your


group.Write the text in a book. Then practice it in front
of the class.
C. Expressions
1. SUGGESTIONS: saran-saran, fatwa, petunjuk

Giving a Suggestion

Responding

1.

May I suggest.. ?

a. It sounds like a good suggestion.

2.

You may/might like to .?

b. I have no objection.

3.

Have you considered/thought of ..?

c. It is a good suggestion

4.

Would you care to ..?

d. I think you can do that.

5.

Why dont we/you .?

e. Perhaps you could.

6.

Why not ..?

f. Why not.

7.

How about .?

g. You cant be all things to all people.

8.

What about .?

h. Thats a good idea

9.

Lets / Let me

i.

You are right

10. Shall we .?

j.

Good idea

11. Ill tell you what Well .

k. Youre doing too much

12. I propose that .?

l.

13. I propose this change .


14. Id like to suggest that..
15. I have an idea.

All right

2. a. Expressing a request
Giving a Request

Accepting

Refusing

1. Would you please +


verb 1
. Would you please peel
the mango?
2. Would you mind +
V+ing
* Would you mind
opening the window?

-Yes, Id like
to /Id love to

- Im afraid,
I cant

-Yes, please
-Yes, that sound nice

- Id love to,
but..
- I cant. I have a meeting.

-Yes, its a good idea

- Im sorry, I cant

3. Could/Can
+you+V1+ind. Obj
* Can you lend me
your helmet, please?
4. Will you+V1+dir/ind
Obj
Will you attend the
annual meeting?
5. (please) V1+dir/ind
Obj, will you?
Please let me alone,
will you?
6. If you dont
mind+may+I+V1
* If you dont mind,
* may I visit you next
Sunday?

-Not at all
-Here you are
-Ok

b. REQUESTING
Would you mind passing me the salt, please?
Could you please take me to the dentist?
Can you tell me what happened?
Will/Would you come to my birthday party?
Please tell me the story.
Could you please open the door?

You should keep it out of the children's reach.


Whatever you do, don't be nervous.
Read the text loudly.
Work in pairs and read the dialogue, then practice it with your partner! partner!
Here is a dialogue between a son and his mother. Identify the expressions which
are used to give instruction.
Son

: Mom. Im thinking of travelling around Java this holiday alone.


What do you think?

Mother

: Travelling? Alone? That sounds dangerous! You shouldnt go by


yourself. You ought to go with your friend.

Son

: Yes. That's true.

Mother

: And youd better talk to your father .

Son

: I did. Already. He thought its a great idea, but he also said that
I must go with a friend.

3. Complains:

a.

b.

S2

BLAMING AND ACCUSING

ADMITTING DOING
SOMETHING WRONG

MAKING A PROMISE

You are the one to blame.


It's your fault.

I admit to (doing something).

I promise/swear that I .

I think you're the only person


who could have done it.

I admit that I .

I promise you that .

It's your fault for (doing


something).

I confess to (something).

I swear (to something).

REQUESTING
Expressions of Curiosity and Discussing Possibilities
CURIOUSITY

DISCUSSING POSSIBILITIES

What Id really like to find out is ....

Would there be any possibility of ?

Id be very interested to know ....

Do you think we are capable of ?

Ive been meaning to ask you.

Would it be possible for (somebody) to ?

Id like/love to know ....

I think that would be possible ....

I wish I knew ....

Is it possible to ?

Whats on your mind?

Yes, there is a possibility ....

Expression for Giving Opinion


For me, ........

Well, I must say .

I'd just like to say .

As far as I'm concerned .

From my point of view, .

I think .

I believe .

I feel .

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C. Reading Section
Narrative Text
a. Definition :
Narrative is a text focusing specific participants. Its social function is to tell stories or
past events cronologically and entertain the readers. It is important to know that the social
function of the narrative text is to inform and entertain. Narrative text will tell the story
with amusing way. It provides an esthetic literary experience to the reader. Narrative
text is writeen basen on life experience. In literary term, experience is what we do, feel,
hear, read, even what we dream. Narrative text is organized focusing at character
oriented. It is build using descriptive familiar language and dialogue.

b. Generic Structure :

Narrative text at least consisted of three paragraphs


1. Paragraph One is = Orientation : Introducing the participants and informing the
time and the place.
2. Paragraph Two is = Complication : Describing the rising crises which the
participants have to do with
3. Paragraph Three = Resolution : Showing the way of participant to solve the
crises, better or worse (Happy ending or Sad ending)

c. Language Features of Narrative

Using processes verbs


Using temporal conjunction
Using Simple Past Tense

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d. Social Function :

To amuse or entertain.
To tell story.
To provide an esthetic literary experience.
Read the following Narratives:

1.

The Smartest Parrot

Once upon time, a man had a wonderful parrot. There


was no other parrot like it. The parrot could say every word,
except one word. The parrot would not say the name of the
place where it was born. The name of the place was Catano.
The man felt excited having the smartest parrot but he could not understand why the
parrot would not say Catano. The man tried to teach the bird to say Catano, however the
bird kept not saying the word.
At the first, the man was very nice to the bird but then he got very angry. "You
stupid bird!" pointed the man to the parrot. "Why can't you say the word? Say Catano! Or I
will kill you!" the man said angrily. Although he tried hard to teach, the parrot would not
say it. Then the man got so angry and shouted to the bird over and over : "Say Catano or I'll
kill you!". The bird kept not to say the word of Catano.

One day, after he had been trying so many times to make the bird say Catano, the
man really got very angry. He could not bear it. He picked the parrot and threw it into the
chicken house. There were four old chickens for next dinner "You are as stupid as the
chickens. Just stay with them!" said the man angrily. Then he continued to humble ; "You
know, I will cut the chicken for my meal. Next it will be your turn. I will eat you too, stupid
parrot!". After that he left the chicken house.

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The next day, the man came back to the chicken house. He opened the door and was
very surprised. He could not believe what he saw at the chicken house. There were three
death thickens on the floor. At the moment,

the parrot was standing proudly and

screaming at the last old chicken : "Say Catano or I'll kill you"

Questions
1. Who had a wonderful parrot?
2. Where was the parrot born?
3. Why the man felt very angry to the parrot?
4. What word that the man wanted to parrot say?
5. Why the man was very surprised when he opened the door of the chicken house?
6. What lesson can you get from the story? Dont force the thing if it cant do it

2. Mrs. Steel and her mouse trap


a. Look at the pictures. Then, answer the questions.
1. Tell what you see in the picture.

mouse

2. Are there many mice at your house?


3. Are you afraid to the mouse? Why/ why not? Because Im afraid to be bitten
4. What will you do if you see a mouse in you kitchen room? Ill hit/kill it
b. Read this story. Then, answer the questions.

One day, Mrs. Steele saw a mouse


running across her kitchen floor.
She was very afraid of mouse, so
she ran of the house, got in a car
and went to a shop.

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There she bought a mouse-trap. The shopkeeper said to her, "Put some cheese
in it, and you will soon catch that mouse."
Mrs. Steele went home with her mouse-trap, but when she looked in
her cupboard, she could not find any cheese in it. She did not want to go
back to the shops, because it was very late. Then she got an idea. She cut a
picture of some cheese out of a magazine and put that in the trap.
Surprisingly, the picture of the cheese was quite successful! When Mrs.
Steele came down to the kitchen in the next morning, there was a picture
of a mouse in the trap beside the picture of the cheese!
Adapted from: Intermediate Stories for Reproduction, p.26
HW A, 2, 3,5
1. What did Mrs. Steele see running across her kitchen floor.? = a mouse
2. Was she brave of the mouse? = no, but she was very afraid of it
3. Where did she go? = she went to the shop
4. What for did she go there? = to buy a mouse-trap
5. How did she catch the mouse? = put some cheese in the mouse-trap
6. What did she put into the mouse-trap? = a picture of some cheese
7. Did she catch the real mouse into the mouse-trap? = no, she didint
8. What did she catch in the mouse trap? = a picture of mouse
9. What moral value can you get from the story? = never make a trick to

anyone or anything

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3. The Goose with the Golden Eggs


Say it Right: gold,/gaold/,goose / gu:s /, glitter / `glite(r) /, greedy /gri:di/, nest / nest /, thought/90:t/ trick, /t r i k /

Look at the pictures. Then, answer the questions.


1. Tell what you see in the picture. = eggs, goose, water, hands
2. Do you believe that a goose can produce golden- eggs? Why/ why not? I never see
3. If you say to a six-year old child that a goose can produce

golden eggs, would

the child believe with what you said? Why/ why not? = she is still have a pure
though

One day, a country man was going to his goose nest

and found there was

an egg and glittering.


When he took it up, it was as heavy as lead and he was going to throw it away,
because he thought a trick had been played upon him. But he took it home on a second
thought, and soon found to his delight that it was pure golden egg. Every morning the
same thing occurred and he soon became rich by selling its eggs. As he grew rich he
grew greedy and thought to get at once all 12 eggs the goose could give. He killed the
goose and open it only to find nothing except the pure muck of his goose.
Find out:

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1.

Whose goose was it? a country man

2.

Where did he find a gold egg?

3.

How were the eggs?

4.

Why did he want to throw the egg away?

5.

What made him happy?

6.

What made him greedy?

7.

Did he find any golden eggs inside the goose? No, he did not

8.

What lesson can you learn from the story? Dont be greedy, and always

In his goose nest

Its glittering

say thanks to GOD


9.

Write down the action verbs used in the story.

Read the following text

4. THE FOUR WIVES


There was a rich merchant who had 4 wives

4th wife:
He loved the 4th wife the most . He adormed her with rich robes and
treated her to delicacies. He took great care of her and gave her nothing the but
the best.
3rd wife:
He also loved the 3rd wife very much. Hes very proud of her off to his
friends. Whenever, the merchant is always in great fear that she might run
away with same other men.
2nd wife:
He too, loved his second wife. She was very considerate person, patient
and in fact is the merchants confident. Whenever the merchant faced some
problems, she always turned to his 2nd wife and she would always help him
out and tide him thought difficult times.

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1st wife:
Now, the merchants 1st wife is a very loyal partner and has made great
contributions in maintaining his wealth and business as well as taking care of the
household. However, the merchant did not love the first wife and although she
loved him deeply, he hardly took notice of her.
One day, the merchant fell ill. Before long, he knew that he was going die
soon. He thought of his luxurious life and told himselfe, Now I have 4 wives with
me. But when I die, Ill be alone. How lonely Ill be.
Thus, he asked the 4th wife, I love you most, endowed you with the finest
clothing and showered great care over you. Now that Im dying, will you follow
me and keep me company? No way! Replied the 4th wife and she walked
away without another word. The answer cut like a sharp knife right into the
merchants heart.
The sad merchant then asked the 3rd wife, I have loved you so much for
all my life. Now that Im dying, will you follow me and keep me company? No
replied the 3rd wife. Life is so good over here! Im going to remarry when you
die! The merchants heart sank and turned cold.
He then asked the 2nd wife. I always turned to you for help and you have
always helped me out, will you follow me and keep me company? Im sorry, I
cant help you out this time! replied the 2nd wife, At the very most, I can only
send you to your grave The answer came like a bolt of thunder and the
merchant devastated.
And the voice called out Ill leave with you, Ill follow you, no matter where
you go The merchant looked up and there was his 1st wife. She was so skinny,
almost like she suffered from malnutrition. Greatly grieved, the merchant said, I
should have taken much better care of you while I could have!

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!?:Actually we all have 4 wives in our lives:!?


The 4th wife is our body, No matter how much time and effort we lawish in
making it looks good, itll leave us when we die.
The 3rd wife is our possessions, status, and wealth; when we die, they all go
to others
The 2nd wife is our family and friends; No matter how close they had been
there for us when we are alive. The furtherest they can stay by us is up to the
grave.
The 1st wife, something you cant see, is in fact our soul/spirit; often
neglected in our pursuit of material wealth and sensual pleasure. It is actually
the only thing that follows us wherever we go. Perhapsits a good idea to
cultivate and strenghen it now, rather than to wait until were on our deathbed
to lament.
Answer the questions!
1. Believe it or not?
2. What will you do about it!? The least you can do is let other know.
3. Write the four wives that actually!
4. What wives accompany us during on the world?
5. What wife accompanies us from the world to the after the world?
Look at the pictures. Then, answer the questions.
1. Tell what you see in the picture.
2. Have you ever seen it directly?
3. When does it usually happen

The legend of Rainbow


A long time ago, there was a farmer. He had

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a small farm. One day he found that a wall which he had


built on previous days was getting knocked down.
The farmer did not know who or what made it. Because
he felt tired of this happening the farmer decided to catch
who should be responsible.
One evening, while the farmer was in guard he heard something strange near that wall,
then he ran to find out who or what it was. It was surprising him because there were three star
maidens there. When they saw the farmer was approaching, they tried to escape. Two of the star
maidens could run and escape but one of them was left behind.
The farmer then caught the star maiden. She was beautiful and soon the farmer felt in
love with her. Because he was afraid that the star maiden would run away, the farmer hid her
magical wings so she could not fly anymore. The farmer and the star maiden got married.
Time went by they live together and got a beautiful baby boy. They lived happily for a
long time, until one day, the star maiden found her magical wings near their house. She wore her
wings back and flew with her son next to her. The farmer was alone and heart broken.
The gods saw the tears of the farmer. They felt pity of him so they decided to build a
bridge of different colors for him to climb to the sky and see his son and wife.
Find out:
1. Who had a small farm?
2.

What happened with his wall he had built?

3.

What did the farmer want to do?

4.

What did he see in his garden?

5.

How many star maidens there?

6. How many star maidens could escape and how many were left behind?
7.

What happened to the farmer and the star maiden after he caught her?

8.

Did they live happily forever? Why?

9.

What for the gods built a bridge of different colours

10. Write down the action verbs used in the story.

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Answer these questions


1. What is the name of the boy? = Tom
2. Where did the boy always to explore? = into the woods/forest/jungle
3. How did the boy go to explore?= on horse back
4. How could the boy lose? = he walked farther than he had ever gone b4
5. Where was the voice from? = from into the cave
6. Whose voice was it? = Unicorm/Judy
7. Why did it ask for help? = because her hoof was stuck in the crack in the floor in the cave
8. What do the following words refer to?
a. They (p.3) Tom and Judy

b. You (p2)= Tom

c. He (p.1) = Tom

9. What is the main idea of paragraph 2 ? = Tom was lost


10. What lesson can we learn from the text above? Help each other

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6. Cinderella Story
Once upon a time, there was a young girl named Cinderella. She lived with
her stepmother and two stepsisters. The stepmother and steps isters were
conceited and bad-tempered. They treated Cinderella very badly. Her
stepmother made Cinderella do the hardest works in the house; such as
scrubbing the floor, cleaning the pot and pan and preparing the food for the
family. The two stepsisters, on the other hand, did not do the housework at all.
Their mother gave them many beautiful dresses to wear.
One day, the two stepsisters received an invitation to the ball that the king's
son was going to give at the palace. They were excited about this and spent so
much time choosing the dresses they would wear. At last, the day of the ball
came, and away went the sisters to it. Cinderella could not help crying after
they had left
"Why are you crying, Cinderella?" a voice asked. She looked up and saw her fairy
godmother standing beside her.
"I'm crying because I want to go to the ball so much," said Cinderella.
"Well," said the godmother, "you've been a cheerful, hardworking,
uncomplaining girl that I'll make sure you do go to the ball."
Magically, the fairy godmother changed a pumpkin into a fine coach and
mice into a coachman and two footmen. Her godmother tapped Cinderella's
dress with her wand, and it became a beautiful ball gown. Then she gave her a
pair of pretty glass slippers. "Now, Cinderella", she said, "you must leave before
midnight." Then away she drove in her beautiful coach.
Cinderella was having a wonderful time. She danced again and again with the prince.
Suddenly the clock began to strike twelve, she ran toward the door as quickly as she
could. hill her hurry, one of her glass slipper was left behind.
A few days later, the king' son proclaimed that he would marry the girl whose feet

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fitted the glass slipper. Her stepsisters tried on the slipper but it was too small for them,
no matter how hard they squeezed their toes into it. In the end, the king's page let
Cinderella try on the slipper. She stuck out her foot and the page slipped the slipper on. It
fitted perfectly.
Finally, she was driven to the palace. The king's son was overjoyed to see her again.
They were married and lived happily ever after.
1. What is the text about?
a. A prince's magical world

d. A girl who couldn't do anything

b. A girl who was treated badly with her family. e. A purposeful king and queen
c. A coincidence of a founded shoe

2. Who helped Cinderella to be able to go to the hall?


a.

The prince

b.

Cinderella

c.

The fairy godmother

3. What is the main idea of paragraph 8?


a. Cinderella's feet didn't fit the glass slipper.
b. Cinderella's stepsister would marry the prince.
c. Cinderella's stepsisters squeezed their toes into the glass slipper.
d. The prince would marry the girl whose feet fitted the glass slipper..
e. The prince wouldn't marry Cinderella's stepsister whose feet didn't fit the glass slipper.

4. What is the moral of the story?


a.

A girl should wait for her prince

b.

Never leave a shoe in a palace

c.

Always take a good care of your sister.

5. What is the communicative purpose of the text?


a. To report the stepsisters' bad treatment to Cinderella
b. To tell an amusing/entertain story about Cinderella.
c. To explain how the stepmother and the stepsisters torture Cinderella

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d. To describe Cinderella's good time when she went to the ball


e. To tell the steps when Cinderella prepared herself to go to the ball

6. "They treated Cinderella very badly" (Paragraph 1) The underlined word


refers to . . . .
a. The mice

d.. The stepsisters and the stepmother

b. The shoes

e. The pumpkin and the coach

c. The footmen

7. ". . . the king' son proclaimed that he would marry the girl . . . ." (Paragraph 7) The underlined
word has the closest meaning to . . . .
a.

pronounced

d. appointed

b.

postponed

e.. announced

c.

admitted

E. Writing
1. Imaging your ouwn pet, say that it ever got a serious problem.
2. Write its cronology at least three paragraphs in Narrative Text (Orientation.
Complication, and Resolution)

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EVALUATION UNIT I
A. Listening

NAME

CLASS

Fill in the blanks by listening the text read by your teacher. ORDER NO

Once upon a time, there was a beautiful girl named Snow White 1) .......... with her uncle because her parents had
died when she was two years old. She 2) ..........her uncle and aunt like her own parents. They lived in a big beautiful hause
without children and servant. One day, Snow White 3) ..........her uncle and aunt discussed about their planning to 4) .......... to
America and left her alone at home. She didnt like to 5) .......... alone at home. So, when her uncle and aunt having breakfast,
she run away into the forest. When she 6) ........... in the middle of the forest, she saw a little cottage. She looked into the
cottage, but none she 7) ........... She full the door and it opened and she came in and slept soundly because she was very tired
of running from home. At midday, the owners of the house 8) ........... They were very little because they were dwives. They
asked Snow White why she was in their house and she told them about her problem. One of the dwives said If you want, you
you may 9) .......... here with us Oh can I? she leplied. Yes, you may but we must 10) ............... fist one of the dwives said.
They lived happily forever.

B. Reading. Answer the following questions based on the text above


11. Why did Snow White live with her uncle? Because her parents.........................
.
a.wanted to go USA B. run away into the forest C. had died
D. Like his brother E.
12. Why did Snow White run away into the forest? Because.................... .
.
a.Her parents had died B.She wanted to meet the dwives c.her uncle wanted to go to USA D.She was lazy E. she was afrait
13. Snow White ran away into the forest ......................
A. In the morning B. In the afternoon C. at night D. At midday E. at midnight
.

C. Speaking.

Choose the best answer

14. X: Why dont you go to the doctor?


.
Y : .....................................................
.
A. I dont have any money B Yes, I do C. No, I dont D. You are welcome E. Thank you very much
15. X: ............................................................................................................... ?
.
Y: Yes, with pleasure
.
A. Can you sing a song B. could you help me C. Are you sure D. Why didn; you call me E. Where have you been
16. X: Do you think you are capable of passing the exam?
.
Y: .........................................................................................
.
A. You study hard B. I have many exams C.I have prepare myself for it D.Its difficult
E. I didnt pass

D. Writing.
The text above, actually, consist of four paragraph. Rewrite the text into four paragraphs.
17.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
18.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
19.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
20.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................

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UNIT II
Advertisement, Pamphlet, Letter, Annoucement and Broshur
A. Listening
You will listen to a text twice. After listening, read the five statements and choose the one
statement that is most suitable with the sentence you hear.

Text 1 (Items 1-5)

1) The text can most probably ....


a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

be heard over the radio


come from a music studio
come from a classroom
be heard on the street
be heard on the stock market

2) The text is mainly about ....


a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

kinds of music
down-town activities
the price of things
someone's experiences
food ingredients

3) At the time of the report, the following was very expensive ....
a. coconut
b. sweet potato
c. cabbage

d. chili pepper
e. onion

4) At the end of this part of speech, there will be


a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

stories about the archipelago


a suggestion
how to save on chili pepper
a piece of music
crime news

5) The next report will be about ....


a. small islands d. city life
b. crime
e. the archipelago
c. places to go

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Text 2 (Items 6-8)

6) What is the second speaker doing?


a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Giving advice.
Describing something.
Giving direction.
Offering help.
Telling someone to do something.

7) Which of the following expressions is similar to the text?


a. This is how you do it.
b. Why don't you fill in it?
c. Let's talk about it.
d. That's it.
e. Come on, you can do it.

8) What's the first speaker probably going to do?


a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

See the teller.


Look for an easy way.
Go to the left room.
Give the form to the teller.
Fill in a form.

Text 3

9) Which of the following responds to the speaker correctly?


a. This is how you complain. Send your complaint to a local newspaper.
b. Let me show you. You can send complaint to a local newspapers.
c. If I were you I will send my complaint to a local newspaper.

26

B. Speaking
We are going to do role-plays about situations in a bank. First, however, some words and
sentences below may give you some help.

Transfer Application

Bank Nasional
Please write in block letters

Validation

For this transaction

pay in cash

pay in cash

transfer

Our school transferred


some money to the
or-phanage.

Amount of transfer

drawer person who

In words

withdraws money from


the bank

debit our account

drawee person who

Bank charges are for


applicant

deposits money in the bank


beneficiary

Beneficiary

Filled out by Bank

Amount of
Correspondent
Handling
transfer
charge
charge

111 Resident

teller employee of the

Non-resident

bank who is in charge of paying or receiving the


customer's money

Address .................................

Rate
Applicant

Rate
Applicant

unconditionally accept

0 Resident

Name .....................................
number
Account

Non-resident

cash coins, banknotes


In our country, workers

27

debit = money that the bank pays

usually receive their

credit = money that the bank receives


amount = sum of money total sum of amounts

wages in cash.

cheque money order

What's your account number? It's 137-009 301 964.

In most foreign
countries, workers
usually receive

charge pay, fare


In this bank, you can make a transfer free of charge.

their wages in a pay


cheque.

rate value, price


The Bank sells Euro at the rate of Rp10,000.00

currency money
account number number
of savings account

6 Picture 1.4 Money


Roles

: Customer
Teller
Security guard

Play

: It's the first time for the customer to make a withdrawal.

Security Guard : Can I help you, Sir?


Customer

: I need to withdraw some money, should I fill in some form?

Security Guard : Yes, Sir. First, you should fill in the withdrawal form. Then, give it to the teller. Please,
come this way. I'll take you to the teller.
Customer

: Thank you.

Teller

: Good morning, Sir. Can I help you?

Customer

: Yes, please. I need to make a withdrawal.

Teller

: Have you filled in the form?

Customer

: Yes, here it is.

Teller

: Well. It's complete. Please, wait a moment. We'll get it for you.

Customer

: Thank you.

28

Group Work

1111111.

Now, if you are all ready, we will do the role-plays. Divide the

class
into groups of four or five. Prepare the role-play in each

group. After that, act it out in front of the class. Use the prompts
below to help you. Or, you may use your own scenario.

1)

Roles

: Applicant, Teller, Security guard

Play

: The applicant is going to open a savings account in the bank.

2)
Roles

: Customer 1, Customer 2 , Teller

Play

: It's the first time for customer 1 to make a transfer. Customer 2 helps.

3)
Roles
Play

: Teller 1 (New) Customer, Teller 2


: It's the first time the customer makes a transfer and is rather confused.
Teller 2 helps.

4)
Roles : Teller 1, Teller 2, Security guard
Play : The three employees are talking about a special customer.
5)
Roles : Customer 1, Customer 2 , Customer 3
Play :The three customers are making a comp 1 ai n t about the service in the bank.

29

Expressions:

Get the Expression


There are some ways to admit mistakes and to make promises. Here are the
expressions.
To admit mistake
I did a foolish thing this ...
I did something wrong this ...
I made a bad mistake this ...
I made a foolish mistake this ...
I have admitted I made a bad mistake
this ...

To make promises
-I assure you that such mistake will
never occur again in the future.
-I promise such mistake will never
occur again in the future.
-I promise I will never do such a foolish
thing again in the future.

The following expressions may be used as a help.


Asking for advice
Do you reckon I should.... What would you do if you were me?
Do you think I should ...? Do you think I ought to
Ought I/Should I ...?
What should I/ought I to
What would you advise? What would you advise me to?
What would you do (in my position)?
Could you give me some advice on ...?

Giving advice
I'd like to suggest that ....
Do you mind ..., please?
I think you ....

I Should.......

Why dont't you ....


Why not ....
Perhaps you should ....
Have you thought about
I have an idea. Let's ....

30

Telling someone how to do something


(First) you ... (then you ....) This is how you do it: (first) you ....
You do it like this: you .... (First) you have to/should .... Let me show you. (First) you
It's (quite/very) easy. (First) you ....
Make sure you ....
You should follow this ....

C. Reading
Advertisement is an information about goods for sale shown on TV, newspaper or
to the radio
Text 1

EFFECTIVE MICRO ORGANISMS 4


ORGANIC FERMENTATION BACTERIA
TO INCREASE CATTLE PRODUCTIVITY

EM-4 is a mixture of micro-organisms that gives the benefit for cattle growth and product.
Usage :
1. Decrease smell pollution
2. Balance mutual micro-organisms
3. Increase quality and quantity of cattle product
How to use :
1. To get satisfying result, dissolve 1cc EM-4 per litre water every day
2. Spray 1 cc EM per litre of water every week on the floor, wall, and manure.
Agent: PT. Songgolangit Persada,
Jakarta
Answer the questions
1. This text tells us about ....
A. organism B. fermentation

Distributor : Jl. Ki Hajar Dewantara 46


Jakarta
Phone : (021) 7894529
C. cattle product D. contact address E. the use of EM - 4

31

2. One of the benefits of the product is ....


A. for growing cattle bacteria
B. for increasing smell pollution
C. for producing cattle manure and organic fermentation bacteria
D. for increasing micro organisms
E. for increasing quality and quantity of cattle product
3. According to the text, the businessmen bribe the officials because they want to ....

A. be punished
B. get more profit
C. be free from tax payments
D. maximize for their tax payments
E. reduce their tax payments
4. "... everyone should be involved in the effort to eradicate corruption ..." (Paragraph 4).
The underlined word is closest in meaning to ....
A. exterminate

Text 2.

B. Eliminate

C. remove

D. Rub

E. Add

FOR SALE GREENWOOD

a. 3-bedroom family home, double garage. New condition. Large garden.


Short walk to city and schools. $74.000
b. Modem 2-storey 6-bedroom home, large living room, separate dining room,
3 bathrooms, basement, garage. Beautiful big garden and swimming pool
Excellent condition. $150.000.X 12.000 = 1.800.000.000
c. Luxury 2 bedroom apartment, near ocean. Quiet location. 45 minutes from city. $55.000.
d. Attractive 3-bedroom family home, separate dining room, 2 bathrooms. Opposite bus-stop, 5
minutes from town. Easy to look after (brick, with small garden). $80.000.
e. Available immediately. Large 1-bedroom city apartment, fully furnished with quality
furnishing. Large living area, dishwasher, refrigerators $35.000.
f. Attractive 1-bedroom apartment in new building. Only 30 minutes from city centre and 10
minutes from airport. Unfurnished. $29.000.
1. The topic of the text is about......
A. Greenwood
B. Types of homes
C. Prices of the apartment

D. Residences for sale


E. Location of the residences

32

2. A home which has a swimming pool is priced at ....


A . $29.000
B . $55.000
C . $74.000
D . $80.000
E .

$150.000

3. A home which has asmall garden is priced at ........


A
B
C
D
E

.
.
.
.

$29.000
$55.000
$74.000
$80.000
$150.000

Text 3
This new and unusual building in the down-town business district offers unique
opportunities for small to midsized tenants to occupy an entire floor.

OFFICE SUITES
from 1,600 to 6,000 square feet are available for immediate occupancy.
Commuting is easy, with the nearest subway stop only one block away. Convenient to
shops, restaurants, hotels, and business services.
For leasing information call

303-572-5947
1. What is the advertisement about?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Leasing office space.


Buildings in business districts.
Conveniences offered by the company.
Availability to get unique opportunities.
Hotels and restaurants in the down-town.

2. Which of the following is NOT close to the building?


a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Parks.
Hotels.
Restaurants.
Shopping centres.
Business services.

33

3. "For easing information call 303-572-947." The underlined word means ....
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

purchasing
building
selling
buying
renting

Text 4
A fast growing textile factory in Cileungsi is looking for an enthusiastic, committed, highly
motivated, qualified, dynamic & professional person to fill the post of ENGINEERING
MANAGER( Code:Mngr )

Age : minimum 30 years old

Si graduate from a reputable Technical Faculty, especially from Electronic or


Mechanical Engineering

Can work as a team player, self driven, assertive & smart worker

MM 3 years experience in the same position

Having experience in a factory is an advantage

Computer literate such as: VB, Macro, C, Delphi

Knowledge and ability to handle PLC Program, such as S-7, S-5, Omron and drives
system

Can speak & write English fluently. (some Mandarin will be an additional
advantage)
If you meet the above requirements, please send your application letter with a

detailed resume & recent photograph within 1 (one) week from today to:
Dept. H.R.D. GA
P.O. Box 4631
JKT 11046
"Put your code on the left corner"

34

1. What kind of text is it?


A.
B.
C.
D.

A job vacancy.
A business letter.
An announcement.
An application letter.

2. Among the qualifications, all applicants should ....


A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

live downtown
have a computer
be an Si graduate from any faculty
be able to communicate in English
have at least 30 years of work experience

Text 5
Dave Smith
32 Alberta Way
Kingston, ON K7P OLO
Dear Dave Smith,
On behalf of your brother John, and all of the people of Alberta, I would like to personally
invite you to visit Alberta in 2010 to help mark the province's Centennial year.
A number of activities have been planned in the province throughout the year, and I know
John would love to have your visit to help mark this important milestone in Alberta's history.
To help you plan your travel, details of some of the events can be found on our website at
www.albertacentennial.ca, and additional information can be found at Travel Alberta's website
at www.travelalberta.com. I am also enclosing a special gift for you, so when you do visit
Alberta you can celebrate our Centennial year for learning more about our past at one of
Alberta's museums, historic sites or interpretive centres.
Please come join us as we celebrate our past and imagine our future..
Sincerely yours,

Ralph Klein

35

1. What is the letter mainly about?


A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

S3

Important websites.
A travel plan to Alberta.
Activities during a celebration.
An invitation to attend a celebration.
A celebration of Alberto's Centennial year.

2. Why does the sender mention the websites in his letter?'


A. To see important events.
B. To browse interesting events.
C. To keep up with the current news.
D. To help the receiver enjoy his travel.
E. To Facilitate the receiver to plan his trip
3. "Please come join us as we celebrate our past and imagine our future."
(Paragraph 4) The sentence above means ....
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

do together and play together


combine together and celebrate it
join together and do something right
merge together and hope to raise the product
let's commemorate the centennial year together

Text 6
ANNOUNCEMENT
In accordance with the international security regulations, the following items are never allowed
to be taken onto a plane by passengers, either in their carry-on bags or in their checked
luggage: weapons, including knives and guns; explosives, including dynamite and fireworks.
The following items may be placed in checked luggage but not on carry-on bags. Tools,
including hammers. screwdrivers. and wrenches; sports equipment such as golf clubs, baseball
bats, skis and ski poles.
When you pass through the security line, all bags will go through our X ray machines and some
bags will be manually checked by personnel, as well.
Thank you for your cooperation. Have a safe and pleasant flight

36

1. What is the announcement about?


A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Weapons and explosives.


Items brought on carry-on bags.
Welcoming foreign passengers.
An international airport security regulations.
A warning to passengers from different countries.

2. can't be brought onto an airplane.


A. Knives

B. Ski poles

C. Wrenches

D. Screwdrivers

E. Basketball bats

3. "When you pass through the security line, all bags will go through our X ray
machines." (paragraph 3)
The underlined part of the sentence above means ...
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

all bags will be sent to the X-ray machines.


all bags will be moved to the X-ray machines.
all bags will be delivered with X-ray machines.
all bags will be packed next to X-ray machines
all bags will be checked by using X-ray machines

23. The topic of the text is about ....


A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Greenwood
types of homes
residences for sale
prices of the apartments
location of the residences

Text 7

__________ ATTENTION!

SMART ENGLISH CLUB will have a Speech Competition


Participants: All senior high school students in Depok

It will be held from 10th - 12th September 2008 at 4 6 p.m. a.m


Prizes: I 2,500,000

Please Join Us

II Rp1,500,000
CP: Lia 875-7709, 0817-1188-7700
III Rp1,000,000

37

1. What is the announcement about?


A school speech
D. Extracurricular activities
A school competition
E. Participants of the speech
A speech competition
2. According to the text the competition . . . .
A.
B.
C.

A. is only for students with good English


D. is in the form of spoken English
B. invites all students across the country
E. will be before school hours
C. will invite competitors from schools in Jakarta

3. The speech competition will last for ............days


a. 12
b. 10
c. 4

d. 3
e. 2

4. How much is the total number of the prizes?


a. Rp1,000,000
d. Rp4,000,000
b. Rp1,500,000
e. Rp5,000,000
c. Rp2,500,000
5. The word ' prize' in the text above has the closest meaning to . . . for the winners.
A.

trophy

B. certificate C.money

D. jackpot

E.medals

Text 8
102 East End Eve
New York, NY 10028
November 2, 2008
The Redaction Team
New York Guardian Post

New York, NY 10022


Dear Sir or Madam,
I'm one of the citizens of our beloved country. Through this letter, I would like to share
some of my thoughts to criticize our governor's performance.
For these past three years, I think he has been much more talking than acting. Instead of busy
sticking up his posters of himself around the city, I really expect he would give attention to water
conservation, to plant more trees and to expel street vendors because it's endangering the pedestrians.
He claims he is an expert. But it seems he has no capability to manage our beloved city.
I hope you can publish my letter to bring this problem to the surface.
Yours truly,

MUH. YUSRON, M.Ec

38

1. What is the letter about?


a.

Informing about some agenda the governor will do this year

b.

Reporting about the governor activities

c.

Complaining about the governor's disappointing performance and


recommending some actions that must be done

d.

Asking for New York Guardian Post subscription

e.

Recommending electing the new governor

2. What does the author want the governor to do?


a.

To reduce taxes and manage water conservations

b.

To pay attention to water conservation, plant more trees and expel


street vendors

c.

To expel trees and add more street vendors

d.

To eradicate illegal street vendors

e.

To plant more trees and ease annual flood

3. The word 'conservation' in the text above has the closest meaning to . . . .
a.

recycling the waste

b.

d. preventing something from being lost

c.

protecting the wild life

d.

reusing the home industries waste materials

e.

preserving the endangered animals

4. What is the communicative purpose of the text above?


a.

To give information about the upcoming governor election

b.

To tell about who the current governor in the city is

c.

To complain about no significant actions concerning the society taken by


the governor

d.

To advertise the letter in the newspaper

e.

To announce the new-elected governor

39

D. Writing. Read the text below.


Dear diary,
I did a foolish thing this afternoon. I went out to the park
on Pemuda Street to get some boiled corn and peanut. I was waiting for
the seller to put the corn and peanut into the plastic bag when a small
boy appeared from nowhere and stopped near me. I thought he was not
older than 8 or 9 years old. He was wrapped in shaggy clothes and torn
sandals and carried a shabby linen bag. He raised his arm and waited.
It just wasn't the right time for him because I was not in the mood to be
kind to beggars. Earlier I was angry because

this town had had too

many of them nowadays. So, I signaled for him to go away and posed a
face that I did not want

to be disturbed. He did not move. And

hardened m ace and showed mad expression. He kept his arm on the
air and I kept ignoring him. When I got my corn and peanut ready, I
started my Kharisrna, stepped into the gear, and rode away.
I did not know why but I could not get rid of him from my mind all
the way home. What if he hadn't had anything to eat all day? What If he
didn't have a place to sleep? Isn't he just a victim of urbanization? All
bad thoughts came into my mind. At the village gate, I turned round
and sped back to the park. I couldn't find him.
I am really feeling very bad. I am not a mean person, you know it
well It 'ust ha, ,ened that I was not in a cod mood that time I wish he
knew that I came back for him. I wish he knew that I re ally am very
sorry for what I have done. I really am very sorry and I promise to
you I'll have a better control of myself next time.
Fri, 09/24
00:15

40

This writing is a diary that is used to express that one has just made a mistake.
When admitting a mistake, one may usually mention what the mistake is,
explain why the mistake occurs, and promise that such mistake will never occur
again in the future.

Assignment

Practice writing to admit a mistake. Use a real


situation if you have one. Otherwise, you may use the
following situation:

You were angry with your parents because they didn't give you
something you wanted. Last night you didn't come home and
spent the night at your friend's house. Your parents got into
panic and tried to do anything to locate where you were. You
admit that what you did is a mistake and that you will never do
it again. Write to your diary.

41

EVALUATION UNIT II

NAME

A. Listening

CLASS

ListenTo the dialog read by your teacher,


then answer the questions

ORDER NO

Stmun p132
1. A. It is a good weather today. B. The school bell is ringing.C. A strong wind caused damages.
D. A billboard fell on Jessica's car.
E. Today's weather is better than yesterday's.
2. A. Heavy rain flooded the city. B. Strong wind blew down a big billboard. C. Heavy rain blew down big trees
.
D. Strong winds caused damages to many houses. E. The flood swept away many houses
3. A. teacher and a student B. A mother and a son C. two friends D. Two journalists E. two weather reporters

This new and unusual restourant in the down-town business district offers unique opportunities for small
to midsized customers.
RESTOURANT SUITES
from 1,600 to 6,000 square feet are available for immediate occupancy.
Commuting is easy, with the nearest subway stop only one block away. Convenient to shops, hotels, and
business services.
For leasing information call
303-572-5947
4. What is the advertisement about?
A. Leasing office space.

C. Buildings in business districts.

E. Conveniences offered by the company.

B. Availability to get unique opportunities. D. restaurant in the down-town.


5. Which of the following is NOT close to the restourant?

A. Parks. B. Hotels.. C.Golf. D. Shopping centres. E. Business services.

6. "For easing information call 303-572-947."The underlined word means .... A. Purchasing. B.building C. selling D.Buying E...renting

C. Speaking: Choose the best answer to complete the dialogue

Teller
: Good morning, Sir. Can I help you?
Customer
: .................... I need to make a withdrawal.
7. A. No, thanks B. By the way C. How are you D. Yes, please E. Nice to meet you
Teller
Customer
8. A. Why not

: Have you filled in the for m?


: ................., here it is.
B. Thanks C. Thank you D. No, thanks

E. Yes, sir

Teller
:...................................... Please, wait a moment to take your money.
Customer
: Thank you.
9. A. Well. It's complete B. Sorry, its not complete C. Its need to complete D. Sorry

E. complain

D. Writing:

10. Write ashort simple letter to tell your class chairman that you wont to go to school because
you are ill.

42

UNIT III
Explanation text
A. Listening Section

Task 1
Listen to the dialogue and fill in the blanks!
Abel (1) .... Just to win the battle? Or do they want more power?
Tina : Maybe it's hormones? It's always men who decide to go to war.
Abel : (2) .... !
Tina : I agree. But do you think (3) .... ?
Abel : Of course, (4) .... Harmony is better than violence.
Tina : Yeah. But we sometimes fight too.
Abel : But not using deadly weapons and spending tons of money on it. (5) .... And... less violent
Tina : Yeah, right.
Task 2
Listen and repeat some expressions of giving instructions!
1.

Vani, sit down over there with your friend.

2.

Come to my house.

3.

Come before 08.00, please. The meeting is at 08,004p.m.

4.

Give the message to Miss Ratna, and tell her that I'll come to pick her up to go out
Saturday night at 07.00.

5.

Please remember, July the 2nd is my birthday. Task 3

Listen to a short text then fill the missing words! Why do people (1) ... their homes for an
unknown future in a (2) ... land? In modern (3) ... reasons have been (4) ... Often people
fled because of (5) ..., even terrible (6) ... such as those that afflicted Ireland in the 1800's.
These people saw little (7) ... in their own (8) .... They often heard (9) ... of a better like
from people. Who had emigrated earlier. Some people have left their (10) ... lands because
their (11) ... beliefs were unpopular. In the 1900's many people have been (12) ... to emigrate

43

because of war. After World War II, many Europeans had no home to return to. In the 1970's
the wars in Indochina (13) ........... hundreds of thousand of (14) ...
Task 4
Listen to these expressions! Underline the expressions of capability or incapability!
1.

Mr. John is unable to solve the problem by himself.

2.

I feel sure. I am able to do this exercise.

3.

I can do the work myself.

4.

The publishing company is capable to supply all the demand of people.

5.

I'm sorry. I want to be able to come to the meeting.

Task 5
Listen to the advertisement and fill in
the blanks!

S t a r t s f r om R p 8 8 8 .o w p e r n i gh t
From .. 1, 2009 until December 22, 2009, enjoy a special ... at Bali Hyatt for your"".
next ...! Offer includes a guestroom overlooking lush ... gardens, ... buffet breakfast for
two adults and one child aged 12 years or under, minimum stay of nights will include
round trip ... transfer, one-time ... complimentary use of Camp Sanur (children activity
centre) maximum of 04'0 children, one-time.use of tennis court or ... (subject to
availability).
FEEL THE HYATI. TOUCH@
For reservations, please call our ... at +36128
1234 P 0. Box 392, Sanur, Bali, Indonesia
TELEPHONE +361 28 1234 FACSIMILE +361
28 7693 E-Mail : balihyatt.reservation@hyatt.com

44

Task 6
Listen to this post card. Then answer these questions!
1.

Where is the post card from?


5. Why does John like Bali?
Answer: ....................................................... Answer: ...........................................

2.

Who is writing to Cathy?


6. Are the people friendly?
Answer: ....................................................... Answer: ...........................................

3.

Where does she live?


7. When is he going back home?
Answer: ....................................................... Answer: ...........................................

4.

Where is that?
8. What is the date on the card?
Answer: ....................................................... Answer: ...........................................

Task 7
Listen to the text, then underline the expressions of giving instructions!
1.

It is very easy to get to Castel Bank.

2.

Take the bus number 25.

3.

Get off just in front of the main post office on Castel Street.

4.

There is an intersection just after the post office.

5.

Go to the intersection, then cross the intersection.

6.

Walk down for about 100 meters.

7.

The bank is on the left. Don't miss it!

B. Speaking Section
Task 1
Read aloud the dialogue below in pairs!
Mr. Raharjo : Hello. Are you lost?
Elina

: I'm afraid I am. This place is too big. Can you help me?

Mr. Raharjo : Yes, of course. What are you looking for?


Elina

: How can I get to nearest drugstore?

Mr. Raharjo :The drugstore is not far from here. Go straight down to the corner, turn left at
the T- junction room and go past the Capitol Hotel. The drugstore is across from
the Melawai Optic.
Elina

: How far is it?

Mr. Raharjo : It's about three minutes from here.


Elina

: All right. Thanks!

Mr. Raharjo : You're welcome.

45

Task 2
In pairs, discuss your answer for the following questions!
1.

What is Elina looking for?


Answer: .....................................................................................................................

2.

Can Elina find the way to the drugstore?


Answer: ....................................................................................................................

3.

How does Mr. Raharjo give the instructions?


Answer:

4.

How far is the drugstore?


Answer: ..
BRI/ATM

5.

What directions would you give to a person


who is looking for the nearest ATM?
Give an example!

K.Camat
Football
square

Puskes

Answer:
Police
station

Jl. A. Cekele

bridge

SMA 1Kahu

: Excuse me, How can I get the nearest ATM?

: Go out to front street, Jl Cekele, then turn right, go straight, about 50 ms you find bridge.

Go straight again, about 50 ms you find turning road, then turn left, go straight, about 200 ms
you find T-junction, dont turn right but go straight, about 200 ms you find T-junction again,
dont go straight but turn right, at the left side you see football square, and at the right side is

46

Police station or kantor polisi. You must go straight, about 50 ms you find 4 junction or rossroad.
Dont turn right or go straight but turn left
T

: Then Where must I go?

:At the right side at the corner, you see a hospital/Puskesmas , beside puskesmas you see
District Office / Kantor Camat, the next you see BRI, and ATM is over there.

T : How far is it from here?


S

: Its about 25 minutes walking

T : All right. Thanks


S

: Youre welcome
Task 3

Study
dialogue!
Mima this
: Do
you think the new manager can run this company?
Faiz Aldi : Im:Do
not you
sure.think
He ishe
not
competent
in business.
Mr.
can
do the final
test well?
TaskSania
4
Mr.
:He is a smart student. I'm sure he can do his best.
Look at this pictures!

She can cook, but not very well.

He can do the test.

He can sing very well

47

Task 5
What about you? Answer these questions!
1.

Can you operate the internet system?


4. Can you use this microwave?
Answer: ........................................................ Answer: .........................................

2.

Can you make brownies cake?


5. Can you sing foreign folk song?
Answer: ........................................................ Answer: .........................................

3.

Can you lead the meeting?


Answer: .................................

Task 6
Read this text carefully and practice in front of the class!
Making Paper from Woodchips
Okay. Do you have any paper in your bag? It may a silly question but do you know how to
make paper? What is paper made of? Right. And how about wood chipping? Have you ever
heard about it? Well, wood chipping is a process used to obtain pulp and paper products from
forest trees.
Next the tops and branches of the trees are cut out and then the logs are taken to the mill.
At the mill the bark of the logs is removed and the logs are taken to a chipper which cuts them
into small pieces called woodchips. The wood chips are then screened to remove dirt and
other impurities. Mmm at this stage they are either exported in this form or changed into the
pulp by chemicals and heat. Oh, I almost forgot the pulp is then bleached and the water
content is removed.
Answer
these
Finally
the questions!
pulp is rolled out to make paper. Considering the complexity of making paper,
let's
appreciate
any
paper on our hands. Use it more effectively. Thank you and bye.
1. What
is wood
chipping?
Answer: .................
2.

What is the first stage of wood chipping?


Answer: ............................................

3.

Which of these is the purpose of the text?


a. To

describe the way things are

b. To

explain the processes involved in the formation

Answer: ............................................

48

4.

What is the last step of wood chipping?


Answer: ..........................................

5.

What do the following words refer to?


a.

It (paragraph 1)

b.

Them ( paragraph 2)

c.

!paragraph 2

d.

I ( paragraph 2)

Answer: ..........................................

49

Expressions :
1. Giving Instructions

Could you tell


me the direction
to the City
Bank?

If we want to give instructions, we usually use

Allright.
Follow my
direction

sequence markers and imperatives, such as: First,


go down this street to the signal. Next, turn left
and go west on Rinjani Street. Then, look for the
International Bank. After that, got up the little
street beside it. Finally, cross the bridge and
you're there.

Here are some other expressions for instructing someone and possible responses.
Asking about Possibility

Responding

- Read the manual first so that you can operate the device.

O.K., I will.

- Don't push the keypad too hard.

I understand that.

- Turn off the television and prepare yourself for tomorrow's lesson.

O.K., Dad.

- Return my CD games by tomorrow, please.

Sure.

Notes:
You can use the following connectors when you instruct someone to do something:
First, .....

First of all ....

Secondly, ....

Thirdly, ....

After that ....

Then, ....

Next, ....

After that ....

To end with ....

Finally,..........

2. Expressing Capability/Incapability
Study this summary!
When we want to express capability (able to do something).
We can use the words: can, able, capable and competent, or we can use these
expressions.

50

Capability:
I am certain, I'm capable of ....

- I am confident I could ....

- I believe we could ....

- The employee is

competent to ....

- I feel sure I'm able to ....

Example:
- Mr. Akbar is a competent manager.

I'm sure we'll be able to solve the problem.

- I can do my housework by myself.


When we want to express incapability, we can use can't, unable, incapable, and
incompetent or we can use these expressions.
Incapability:
- I'm not competent in ....

- I won't be able to ............

- There is nothing we can do to ....

- I'm not sure I'm capable enough to ....

- I can not .....................................


Example:

He is incapable of paying her loan.

I'm not competent in listening.

Im sorry I won't be able to come to your party.

3. Expressing Curiosity
The sentence "I wonder what orang utan like." is an expression of showing
curiosity. Here are some expressions of showing curiosity and possible
responses.

Showing Curiosity
- What is it? Can you tell me?
- I wonder why Auliyah did it.
- I really want to know how you
make such a beautiful painting.
- I can't help asking what happened
to you.
- I'm curious about Anna's house.
- I'm interested to know ....

Respon
- I don't know.
- Ask her then.
- Let me show you.
- Um ... nothing.
- I just feel unwell.
- I'll show you, then.
-I'll tell you about it.

51

C. Reading Section
1. Explanation Text
a. Study the summary!
Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific
and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say 'why' and 'how' about the forming of the
phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books. They may
include visual image, such as flow charts and diagrams, which need to be carefully
examined.
b. Generic structure of Explanation

General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.

Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.

c. Language Feature of Explanation

Featuring generic participant; sun, rain, etc.

Using chronological connection; to begin with, next, etc.

Using passive voice pattern.

Using simple present tense.

Task 1.

Show where Tana Toraja, Trunyan, and Manggarai are on


the following map. What do you know about these places?
Tana Toraja is in .1061010:

Task 2

1n-some places, funerals are sad events, but in others they are not.
Read the following paragraphs and find out interesting aspects of funeral customs in Central
Java, Tana Toraja, Trunyan, and Manggarai.

52

1. Funeral Customs and Traditions in Indonesia


(A) Among the Javanese, funerals involve several activities called selamatan. The first
selamatan is held on the day a member of a family dies, which is called geblag. The next
selamatan is held on the third day, called nelung dina; on the seventh day, called mitung
dina; on the fortieth day, called matangpuluh dina; on the hundredth day, called nyatus;
and on the thousandth day, called nyewu, which is the greatest of all the selamatan
ceremonies. The Javanese believe that after the thousandth day, the spirit of the dead
person is already at peace in the "other" world.

(B) The Torajan people of South Sulawesi have a unique way of burying the dead. They believe
that if somebody dies, they enter puya. Puya is a place for the dead. They also believe that
how dead people go to puya must show his or her social status when he or she was alive.
That is why, the funeral ceremony for a person who had a high position in the community
may look like a big party or even a carnival to outsiders. In Tana Toraja, a dead person is
really only accepted as dead when a complete funeral has been held for him, namely they
have to cut a hundred buffalows . Before that, the corpse is considered to be a "sick" body and
is kept in a traditional house called a tongkonan. This sick body is dressed and offered food.
The amazing thing, if the time of the corpse want to be buried, the corpse itself walks from
tongkonan to its cemetery by using black magic power.

53

(C) The Balinese of Trunyan have a different funeral. After a mourning ceremony, the
dead body is put under a tree. It is not buried or burned. It is not even covered with
cloth or leaves. It is amazing that the body, although it does rot, does not smell. The
place where the dead is put is near a village not far from Lake Kintamani.

(D) The Manggarai people of Flores believe that the spirit of the dead, called poti stay where
they used to stay when they were alive, especially near the bed. After some time, the poti
"live" in wells, big trees, or crossroads near the house. These spirits are believed to be
watching their grandchildren although they do not disturb or tease living people. When
their grandchildren are in danger, the poti are there to help them. However, this is
believed to last only five days, for then the poti will leave for Mori Karaeng. Mori Karaeng
is a place for the dead. The Manggarai people believe that everything in Mori Karaeng is
the opposite of that in the world of the living. So, people break dishes and glasses on the
day the dead are supposed to leave for Mori Karaeng, so that there they have the things in
a good condition.

Broken dishes in pieces

Answer the following questions.

1. Which people believe that the spirit of the dead person is at peace only after the thousandth

day of his death?

2. Which of these people do not bury their dead, a) the Javanese,

c) the Balinese of Trunyan, or

b) the Torajan,

d) the Manggarai people?

3. What is poti? Is it evil?


4. What do the Torajan people consider as a "sick" body?

Death body

5. Why do the Manggarai people of Flores break dishes and glasses on the day the dead are

supposed to leave for the "other" world?


6.

Why do the Torajan people dress the dead body and give it food when it is kept in a

tongkonan?.
7.How can the corpse walk to its cementery?

54

FIRST PROJECT Work in groups of four. Look at the pictures and discuss the following questions. Write your
answers on a piece of paper. Then, compare your answers with the other groups.

1. Do you still remember the tragedy in Aceh at the end of 2004?


2. Why does the Indonesian government consider the tsunami in Aceh a national tragedy?
3. What do you know about a tsunami?
4. Do you know of any natural signs or phenomena before a tsunami occurs?

2. Tsunami
The term of "tsunami" comes from the Japanese which means harbor ("tsu") and
wave ("nami"). A tsunami is a series of waves generated when water in a lake or a
sea/ocean is rapidly displaced on a massive scale. A tsunami can be generated when the
sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water. Such large vertical
movements of the earth's crust can occur at plate boundaries.
Seductions of earthquakes are particularly effective in generating tsunami, and occur
where denser oceanic plates slip under continental plates. As the displaced water mass
moves under the influence of gravity to regain its equilibrium, it radiates across the ocean
like ripples on a pond. Tsunami always brings great damage. Most of the damage is caused
by the huge mass of water behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea keeps rising
fast and floods powerfully into the coastal area.

Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

What is the title of text above?


The term of "tsunami" comes from?
What is tsunami?
Explain the process of tsunami?
A tsunami can caused a huge damage. Explain it!

55

3. The El Nino and La Nina Phenomena


Task 1 Read this text carefully!
1.

What do you think about the picture?

2.

Why does it happen? Strong wind

3.

Do you know some factors that cause it?

4.

What are they?

Deviations from normal temperature patterns of the southern Pacific Ocean, between Australia and South
America, result in the phenomenon called El Nino. Under normal conditions, eastern trade winds blows across the
Pacific. These drive the sun-warmed surface water from the central Pacific to the coast of northern Australia. When
clouds form above this area of warm water and move over Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Australia, they bring rain
with them.
Every two to seven years, however, this pattern is interrupted by the El Nino event. During El Nino the Pacific
Ocean of Australia does not warm as much as it normally does. Instead, it becomes warmer right up to the coast of
Peru in South America. At the same time, the Pacific reverse their direction. This causes high-pressure systems to
build up to the north of and across the Australian Continent, preventing moist tropical air reaching the continent.
These conditions in turn result in storms, and in ram failing in the eastern Pacific Ocean and in South America
instead of in Australia, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia, which suffer drought conditions.
While the effect of El Nino are sometimes weak, at the other times they are very strong. During a severe El Nino
period,
extreme drought
in 1982-83
and, 1997-98.
contrast, heavy rainfall and flooding occurred
Pay attention
to theconditions
picture.prevail
Thenas answer
these
questions

orally!
in parts of North and South America. In 1997, there were severe storms and floods in Mexico and further north along
the west, coast of the United States.
The converse of the El Nino effect is the La Nina effect, which is an exaggeration of normal conditions. This takes
place when trade winds blow strongly and consistently across the Pacific towards Australia. This pushes the warm

waters from the central Pacific, off the northern Australian coast, to build up into a mass that is bigger than normal.
Thus, much more cloud develops than usual, and this brings considerably, more rain to Australia and neighbouring
countries.
Taken from Geographica's Pocket World Reference, 2001

56

Task 3
Answer these questions!
1. What

cause the El Nino phenomenon?


Answer: .............................................................................................

2. Explain

how rain falls in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Australia!


Answer: .............................................................................................

3. Explain

why Australia, Papua New Guinea and Indonesia suffer drought


conditions during El Nino year!
Answer: .............................................................................................

4. Explain

how La Nina effect take place!


Answer: .............................................................................................

5. What

natural disasters did Mexico suffer in 1997 as the result of El Nino?


Answer: ...................................................................................................................................................

Task 5 Find out what these words and phrases mean! Consult your dictionary or
your teacher!

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Temperature =
Pattern
Phenomenon
Surface
Warm (ed)

6. Interrupt (ed)
7. Result
8. Storm
9. W eak
10. Reverse

Task 5
Look at the picture then answer these questions!
1. What makes water from seas, lakes, rivers and wet
soils evaporate?
Answer: ......................................
2. What is the term for the process?
Answer: ......................................
3. Do plants also release water into the atmosphere?

Answer: ......................................
4. What is the term for the process?
Answer: ......................................
5. Where does the water vapour go?
Answer: ......................................

57

4. How the Water Cycle Works


Solar energy evaporates exposed water from seas, lakes, rivers, and wet soil; the majority of
this evaporation takes place over the seas. Water is also released into the atmosphere by the
plants through photosynthesis. During this process, known as evapotranspiration, water vapour
rises into the atmosphere.
Clouds form when air becomes saturated with water vapour. The two major types of cloud
formation are stratified or layered grey clouds called stratus and billowing white or dark grey
cloud called cumulus clouds.
Precipitation as rain, or hail ensures that water returns to Earth's surface in a fresh form. Some
of this rain, however, falls into the seas and is not accessible to humans. When rain falls, it either
washes down hill slopes or seeps underground; when snow and hail melts, this water may also
sink into the ground.
Rain fall also replenishes river water supplies, as does underground water. Snow fall may
consolidate into glaciers and ice sheets which, when they melt, release their water into the
ground, into stream or into the seas.

Answer these questions!


1.

Why does the majority of evaporation take place over seas?


Answer: ..................................................................................................

2.

How do clouds form?


Answer: ..................................................................................................

3.

How many major types of cloud formation are there?


Answer: ..................................................................................................

4.

What types of clouds are associated with rainy weather?


Answer: ..................................................................................................

5.

What will bring continuous rain?


Answer: ..................................................................................................

6.

What makes certain that water returns to Earth's surface in a fresh form?
Answer: ..................................................................................................

58

Task 7
Find the meaning of the following words!
1. Fall : .........................................
2. Wash

: ....................................

3. Slope

: ..................................

4. Cloud

: ........................................................................................................................

5. Supply
6. 6. Glacier

: .................................
:.......................................................................................................................

7. 7. Evaporate : ..........................................................................................................................
8. Become

: ......................................................................................................................

9. Ensure

: ............................................................................................................................

10. replenish

:.....................................................................................................................................................................

5. How Day And Night Happen?


The sun seems to rise in the morning, crosses
the sky during theday and sets at night. However the
sun does not actually move around the earth. Earth's
turning on its axis makes it look as if

the sun is

moves. The earth makes a complete turn on its axis


for 24 hours. It is called as rotation. It causes day
and night. The earth also moves around the sun, It
takes 365 days or a year.
This process is called revolution. The revolution process causes the changes of the
season.
In the summer, the amount of daylight that we get is more than we get in
winter. This is not because as much people think we are closer to the sun but
because of the tilt of the earth.
The earth is actually closer to the sun in winter than it is in summer but you
would be forgiven for thinking that this can not be true after looking out of your
window on a cold and frosty morning. It seems strange that as the earth get closer to
the sun during its orbit then the amount of daylight that we get decrease. But that is
the case. It is the tilt of the earth that determine the amount of daylight that we get
and so the length of time that for us the sun is above the horizon.
Taken from: www.ictteachers.cauk

59

Pay attention to the text's generic structure. Don't you realize that it
is not well organized? Arrange them according to its generic
structure!

Title

:
..........................................................................

A general statement : ......................................................................


Explanation

:........................................................................................................

Closing

: ................................................................................................................
5. How The Roads Were Built

The system of roads for mobility has been begun early decades. It was started since the
Roman Empire conquered the world. The roads in Roman era were known as the best construction.
The Romans built roads are for the purpose of mobility, especially for the army. Having the best
road, the army could march from one place to another. They built the roads as straight as possible, so
that the army could take the shortest route.
It is interesting to know how the roads were built, which some of them are still in use today.
First, the Romans builders would clear the ground of rocks and trees. Then they dug a trench where
the road was to go and filled it with big stones. Next, they put in big stones, pebbles, cement and sand
which they packed down to make a firm base. After that, they added another layer of cement mixed
with broken tiles. On top of that rough construction, then they put paving stones to make the flat
surface. These stones were cut so that they fitted together tightly. As the finishing touch, kerb stones
were put at each sides of the road to hold in the paving stones. It was also used to make a channel for
the water to run away.
Now we are going to see the generic structure of the explanation sample above.
Every explanation text will be started with General Statement of the text. It is purposely to
introduce the topic of the text. From the example above, we point that the Roman road
architect is the main discussion, just seeing from the first sentences.
After stating the introduction, text in explanation type will be followed with a Sequenced
Explanation. It is the blueprint of the general statement which needs to be explained in detail on
how or why something is formed. In the last paragraph, we clearly get the explanation on how

60

formerly the Roman Empire Roads were built step by step.

Text 6
Human body is made up of countless million of cells. Food is needed to build up
new cells and replace the worn out. However, the food we take must be changed into
substances that can be carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This
process is called digestion.
The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up
into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva containing digestive juices
which moisten the food, so that it can be swallowed easily.
From the mouth, food passes through the esophagusthe food passageinto
the stomach. Here the food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach
for several hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular
wall of intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the food onwards.
In a few hours, the food changes into acids. The acids are soon absorbed by the
villi (microscopic branch projection from the intestine walls) and passed into
bloodstream.
1. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

The Process of Saliva.


The Digestive System.
The Food and its Process.
How the Food Changes into Acids.
The Process of Building up New Cells.

2. Where does the first digestive process take place?


A.
B.
C.
D.

In the mouth.
In the stomach.
In the esophagus.
In the muscular wall.

3. The food can be swallowed easily because ....


A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

it has been digested


it is carried by the blood
it is moistened by saliva
it will pass the esophagus
it is already in the stomach

61

4. What is the purpose of the text?


A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

To describe human body.


To show the function of blood.
To tell the work of intestine.
To explain the process of digestive system.
To inform the readers the necessity of food.

5. All the time the muscular walls of intestine are squeezing .... (par 3)
The underlined word means
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

to hug
to push up
to obtain slowly
to produce
to press firmly
7.

What causes weather?

Weather is the physical condition of the atmosphere at a particular time. It includes


temperature, air pressure and water content.
Weather is produced when air moves from place to place. This moving air is known as
wind. Winds are formed when the cooler air moves in to replace the rising warm air. Warm air
is usually less dense than cool air; therefore, it creates low air pressure. Cool air is more dense
and creates high air pressure.
Usually we have fine weather when the air pressure is high and there are clouds, rain
and snow when the air pressure drops.
1. What does the text explain?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Moving air.
Air pressure.
Low air pressure.
Types of weather.
The formation of weather.

2. "Warm air is usually less dense than cool air ...."


(Paragraph 2) The underlined word has the
opposite meaning to ....
A.
B.
C.
D.

thin
solid
thick
heavy

62

E. compact
3. The second paragraph mainly tells that ....
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

warm and cool air create air pressure


winds are caused by warm air rising
weather is produced by moving air
the air moves from place to place
themoving air is called wind

D. Writing Section
Task 1. Write a description of what happens to a dead person's spirit according to Manggarai
people and Torajan people. Use the following key words.
a.

bed>wells, big trees, crossroads>Mori Karaeng

b.

die>sick-->a complete funeral>puya

Task 2
Work impairs. Imagine that you are to a foreigner (your part-Complete this dialogue.
Foreigner

: Is it true that Trunyan people____________________?

You

: Yes. It's true.

Foreigner

: So, what do they do to the __________________________?

You

: They put it ______________________

Foreigner

: Do they put it in a _________________ first?

You

: No. In fact the body is not even __________

Foreigner

: Reall y? I can imagine how it _______

You

: Well, it does not smell at all.

Foreigner

: That's amazing.

Task 3
Write a similar dialogue about the funeral custom in Tana Toraja or Manggarai. Again, imagine
that you are talking to a foreigner.
Task 4

63

Complete the following sentences rhoosing the correct words. Ca forget to use the
correct es.
Believe

burn

bury

call

give

consider

cover

dress

hold

offer

put

call

T h e f i r s t J a v a n e s e s e l a m a t a n f o r a d e a d m e m b e r o f a family __________
on the day the person dies.
2 . In Tana Toraja, a dead body ___________________________ to be just a sick body before
it is given 'a complete funeral ceremony.
1.

3.

The "sick" body

and _____________________ food.

4.

In Trunyan, a dead body under a tree. It __________ ________or ___________with cloth.

5.

In Manggarai the spirits of the dead people ___________________________ poti.

6.

It ____________________ that on the fifth day of a person's death, the poti will
leave for a place which Mori Karaeng.

Task 5
In some places, a funeral ceremony means a lot of money has to be spent. What do you
think about this? write a short paragraph ( 100 to 150 words) about your opinion, saying
whether you agree or disagree and why.
Expressions you might need:
In my opinion, ..........
I agree with the opinion of .............. .
I don't have any objection to .............
I don't think I agree with the idea of.............

64

Task 6
Do this crossword puzzle.
1
Down:

1. Different from others.


3. A place where the dead are buried.
5. A stone to mark a grave.

3
4

8. Something you usually take to a cemetery.

Across:
2. In Manggarai this is called poti.
4. These people usually gather to attend a funeral.
7

6. To feel or show sadness for the death of someone.


7. A box for a dead person.

9. Another word for 'pass away'


10. A ceremony for burying or burning a dead person.
10

Task 1. Work in groups of four. Arrange the following paragraphs into a good order. Find out
which one is a general statement, an explanation, and a closing.

Tsunamis occur when a major fault under the ocean floor suddenly slips. The
displaced rock pushes water above it like a giant paddle, producing powerful water waves
at the ocean surface. The ocean waves spread out from the vicinity of the earthquake
source and move across the ocean until they reach the coastline, where their height
increases as they reach the continental shelf, the part of the Earth's crust that slopes, or
rises, from the ocean floor up to the land.

Tsunamis wash ashore with often disastrous effects such as severe flooding, loss
of lives due to drowning, and damage to property.

65

A tsunami is a very large sea wave that is generated by a disturbance along the
ocean floor. This disturbance can be an earthquake, a landslide, or a volcanic eruption. A
tsunami is undetectable far out in theocean,butonce it reaches shallow water, this fasttraveling wave.

How to Write a Vacation Postcard


In the era of the internet, many people have lost touch with the basic art of letter writing.

Sometimes we travel to locations that don't have an Internet connection and email is no longer an
option. The digital revolution has left a few gaps and basic postcard writing is one of them.
Review these simple steps and refresh your memory on how to send a hand-written note to
family and friends when on vacation.
Things you'll need: postcard, pen, stamp.
a.

Step 1: Write the day's date in the top right-hand corner of the left section of the postcard.

b.

Step 2: Write the address of your current location in the top right-hand corner of
the left section of the postcard. The address should consist of the town and
state or town and country, unless of course you are expecting a reply back
from your postcard.

c.

Step 3: Write the greeting approximately 1 inch under the date. A simple greeting
like "Dear Joe" is sufficient.

d.

Step 4: Compose the body of the postcard. Traditionally, this section includes
information about your journey, the weather, and at least one amusing
anecdote from your trip so far.

e.

Step 5: Sign the postcard at least a quarter of an inch below the body on the right
hand side of the left section of the postcard.

f.

Step 6: Place name and mailing address of the person you are writing to in the
center of the right hand section of the postcard. Remember to include full
name, zip codes and country, especially when writing from overseas.

g.

Step 7: Stick a stamp on the top right hand corner of the right section of the
postcard and mail. Check local rates to ensure your postcard arrives.
Source: www.ehow.corn

66

Task 2
Read the postcard below, understand its message. Make a reply through a postcard too!

Dear Tara,
Isentthispostcardtoshowyoumyexperience
on my holiday.
Last Sunday, I went to Bunaken Park with
myfriends.ltwasgreat,youknow!Inthewater
park,wesawa

lotoffishesthatwe'veneverseen.

What a wonderful fishes!

Roni Hermantyo
JI. Pahlawan 40
Watampone

Beforegoinghome,wetookphotographsfrom
the boat,and howwasyourholiday? I wishyou
were here with us.
Please write to me.
Cheers,
Romi
Task 3
Change the following sentences into passive!

1.

Investors will handle monetary crisis.


A ns we r: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.

Fida helps many orphans.


A ns we r: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.

Poverty has destroyed the future of children.


Answer: ...............................................

4.

My school is going to conduct a job fair workshop


Answer: ...............................................

5.

Poverty changes the dream of many children


Answer: ...............................................
6. Many people join seminars to reduce unemployment rate.
Answer: ..................................................................
7. Financial crisis impacts the employment in Indonesia.
Answer: ..................................................................

67

5. Post Card
A postcard or post card is a rectangular piece of thick paper or thin cardboard intended
for writing and mailing without an envelope. In some places, it is possible to send them for a
lower fee than for a letter. Stamp collectors distinguish between postcards (which require a
stamp) and postal cards (which have the postage pre-printed on them). While a postcard is
usually printed by a private company, individual or organization, a postal card is issued by
the relevant postal authority. The United States Postal Service defines a postcard as:
rectangular, at least 3% inches high x 5 inches long x 0.007 inches thick and no more than
4Y4 inches high x 6 inches long x 0.016 inches thick; (in metric; 12.7 cm x 8.9 cm).
However, some postcards have deviated from this (for example, shaped postcards). How to
Write a Postcard
Postcards have become a tradition for travelerp worldwide. Usually sporting a glossy photo of
a local landmark, a postcard will show your friends and family that you've arrived at your
destination while giving them a taste of the locale you're in. Because the card itself travels
through the U.S. Post Office, there's a standard protocol to follow when writing and sending a
postcard.
Instructions
Notice the back of the card; this is the portion that you write on. It is divided into two
sides; the right side is for official postal information and the left side is for your personal
message.
Address the postcard to the recipient in the center of the right side. On the first line, write the
name of the person you're sending the card to; the second line is for the house number and
street name. The third line will be the city and state. If you're sending the postcard from
outside the United States, you must also add the country.
Write the city and state in the upper left-hand corner. Leave a 1/2-inch space and write your
message. A typical postcard message will include the local weather, something you've seen
and perhaps an unusual meal you've tried.
Sign the card on the bottom of the left-hand side once you've completed your message.
- Affix a postage stamp to the upper right-hand corner. Your postcard is now ready to mail.
http://wwwehowcom/how 4830327 write-a-postcard.html

68

EVALUATION UNIT III

NAME

A. Listening

CLASS

Listen and write the sentence read by your teacher.

ORDER NO

Capability n instruction
1..............................................................................................................................................................................
2. ..............................................................................................................................................................................
3. ..............................................................................................................................................................................
4. ..............................................................................................................................................................................
5. ..............................................................................................................................................................................
6..............................................................................................................................................................................
7. ..............................................................................................................................................................................
8. ..............................................................................................................................................................................
9. ..............................................................................................................................................................................
10. ..............................................................................................................................................................................

B. Reading

How Day And Night Happen?

The sun seems to rise in the morning, crosses the sky during the day in 12 hours and sets at night.or
about 6 oclock However the sun does not actually move around the earth. Earth's turning on its axis makes it
look as if the sun is moves. The earth makes a complete turn on its axis for 24 hours. It is called as rotation. It
causes day and night. The earth also moves around the sun, It takes 365 days in a year. This process is called
revolution. The revolution process causes the changes of the season.
In the summer, the amount of daylight that we get is more than we get in winter. This is not because
as much people think we are closer to the sun but because of the tilt of the earth.
The earth is actually closer to the sun in winter than it is in summer but you would be forgiven for
thinking that this can not be true after looking out of your window on a cold and frosty morning. It seems strange
that as the earth get closer to the sun during its orbit then the amount of daylight that we get decrease. But that
is the case. It is the tilt of the earth that determine the amount of daylight that we get and so the length of time
that for us the sun is above the horizon.

11. How long does the sun cross the sky?

A. 365 days

B. 24 hours

C. 6 oclock

D.12 hours

12. What causes day and night? A. The sun crosses the sky B. The sun move around the earth C. the earth move
.round the sun and turning on its axis D. The sun turn on its axis E. the sun and the earth move together.
13. The main idea of paragraph one is............. A. The sun moves around the earth B. The earth moves around the
sun the causes of day and night C. 365 days in a year D. 24 hours in a day E. 12 hours in a day
13. The word we (p3) repers to ......... A. The reader B. The listener C the writer D. the reader and the
listener E. the writer and the reader

69

UNIT IV
Description text
A. Listening Section
Listening 1
You will listen to a text twice. After listening, choose the correct answer to the
following questions.

1) The text is most probably .... ( TS p 322)


a. a story
b. an anecdote
c. a report
d. an announcement
e. commentary
2) From the event, we learn that Einstein was ....
a. happy
b. shocked
c. angry
d. troubled
e. funny

3) At the time of the event, the five-year old boy


and Einstein were ....
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

relatives
enemies
friends
strangers
partners

5) The funny part of the event lies in


the fact that
the boy's question was so ....
a. scientific
b. simple
c. complicated
d. stupid
e. difficult

4) The mother was shocked because she thought


that her son had ....
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

laughed too loudly


taken a bath
answered a question
made a mistake
disturbed him

a. 5
b. 6
c. 8
d. 10
e. 12

6) The boy is ... years old.

70

Listening 2 (p 322 TS)


You will listen to a text twice. After listening, read the five statements a, b, c, d,
or e and choose the one statement that is most suitable with the sentence you
hear.
Text 1 (Items 1-5)
1) The speaker are mainly talking about ....
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

history of technology development


development of buildings from stones to metal
history of agriculture and farming
influence of wars on the tools and weapons
how to develop technology

2) The speaker divides the discussion into ....


a. 2 eras
b. 3 eras
c. 4 eras

d. 5 eras
e. 6 eras

3) According to the speaker, the use of fire to hunt animals was during the ....
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

old stone age


agricultural civilization
new stone age
industrial civilization
modern age

4) the industrial era covers ....


a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

2 centuries
3 centuries
4 centuries
5 centuries
6 centuries

5) James Watt and the steam engine belong to the


a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

17th century
18th century
19th century
20th century
21th century
Text 2 (Items 6-10) (p 323 TS)
6) The speakers are talking about a ....
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

fan
water pump
house
refrigerator
engine

71

7) As told in the speech, the black box contains


a. ice
d. a pump
b. a thermostat
e. gas
c. water

8) The back part is always hot because ....


a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

it is heated
it is compressed
it lets out heat
it has a lot of pressure
it is burnt

9) According to the speaker, the following is t rue


a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

The thermostat changes gas into liquid


The bottom shelf is cooler than the top shelf
The thermostat changes liquid into gas
The top shelf is cooler than the bottom shelf
the pump changes gas into heat

10) At the end of the conversation, Speaker 1 is going to ....


a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

eat some vegetables and fruits


take some ice cubes from the top shelf
close the door and go home
explain the working of the top shelf
wash the vegetables and fruits

B. Speaking Section
a. Act the dialogue out to your class.
In a Senior High School, a number of students is going to have a
project in a laboratory.
Speaker 1

: Reverse osmosis! Uh.. this is crazy. What is


that? Do you know what it is?

Speaker 2

: A little.

Speaker 1

: I want to complain about our teacher?

Speaker 2

: Why is that?

Speaker 1

: He never gives us the complete material we


need. Now ...he told us to do this project and I
still do not know what I have to do. I think he is
not a good teacher.

Speaker 2 : OK...I can explain to you the best thing I know.

72

Reverse osmosis is also called RO. There are two kinds of


osmosis namely osmosis and reverse osmosis. In osmosis, two
different concentration of liquids separated by a specific
membrane will reach equal concentration passing the membrane, the lower will pass the membrane to the higher one.
Speaker 1 : So, what about the other one?
Speaker 2

: Be patience. You mean, RO, right? Reverse


osmosis has the same process but the other way
around.

Speaker 1 : How?
Speaker 2 : That's the thing that I don't really understand.
But, principally, that is the main point.
Speaker 1 : I'm sorry to say this, but I'm not really satisfied
with your explanation.
Speaker 2 : So, what're we gonna do?
Speaker 1 : What about asking the teacher?
Speaker 2 : But you said ...
Speaker 1

: It's OK. It's better than doing nothing in the


project.

Speaker 2 : Now?
Speaker 1 : No...next year. Right now, Buddy! Come on!
(They are hurriedly going to the teacher's office.)
Speaker 1 : Good Morning, Sir.
Speaker 3 Morning. Can I help you?
Speaker 1

: We would like to ask you a few questions about


the project.

Speaker 3 : Ou... take a seat!


Speaker 1
and 2
Speaker 1

: Thank you.
: It's about RO project. We are still finding some
difficulties to do the project.

Speaker 3 : Which part?


Speaker 2 : The process, Sir.

73

b. Discuss the questions.


1)

What is Speaker 1? Speaker 2? Speaker 3?

2)

What are they talking about?

3)

Does Speaker 2 understand how to do their project?

4)

What is speaker 1 complaining about?

5)

What is meant by 'the other way around?

6)

How many membranes are mentioned in the dialogue?

7)

Do you agree with Speaker 1 about Speaker 3?

74

C. Reading Section
DESCRIPTION TEXT
Definition :
Descriptive text is a text which say what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to
describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing
In its more creative forms, descriptive text paints a word picture in the reader's
mind, often making use of sensory detailswhat the writer sees, hears, smells, feels. In a
technical manual, descriptive writing might be used to help a reader/learner understand
and visualize a process or see how key components fit together in a piece of equipment.

Generic Structure :
a) Identification Identifying the phenomenon to be described.
b) Description : Describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities, or/and characteristics
Language Feature of Descriptive Text :

Using attributive and identifying process

Using adjective and classifying

Social Function :
To describe a particular person, place or thing.

75

Example of Descriptive text

Text 1
Borobudur is a
Hindhu-Buddhist
temple built in the
9th century under
the Syailendra dynasty
of Java. It is located near Magelang, on the island of Java, Indonesia.
Abandoned in the 11th century and partially excavated by archaeologists in the
early 20th century, Borobudur temple is well-known all over the world.
Influenced by the Gupta architecture of India, the temple is constructed on a hill
of 46 m (150 ft) high and consists of eight-step like stone terraces, one on top of the
other.
The first five terraces are square and surrounded by walls adorned with Buddhist
sculpture in bas-relief; the upper three are circular, each with a circle of bell-shaped
stupas (Buddhist shrines).
The entire edifice is crowned by a large stupa at the center of the top circle. The
way to the summit extends through some 4.8 km of passages and stairways.
The design of Borobudur, a temple-mountain, symbolizing the structure of the
universe, is similar to the temples built at Angkor, Cambodia.
The Borobudur Temple, rededicated as an Indonesian national monument in
1983, is a valuable treasure for Indonesian people.
(Taken from: 'Children Knowledge Bank II')

76

1. The best title of the passage is . .


a.

Indonesian Heritage

b.

The Borobudur Temple

c.

A Hindhu-Buddhist Temple

d.

The Gupta Architecture

e.

The Syailendra Masterpiece

2. According to the generic structure of the text, the first paragraph is called the ....
a.

newsworthy events

b.

general statement

c.

identification

d.

recommendation

e.

orientation

3. Which of the following statement is right?


a. The Syailendra dynasty built Borobudur in the 11th century.
b. The temple is constructed on a hill of 46 m high.
c. The upper three terraces are square and surrounded by walls.
d. The design of Borobudur is a temple-mountain symbolizing the structure of the
universe.
e. The entire edifice is crowned by a large stupa at the corners of the square.
4. The type of text 1 is a .
a. recount
b. review
c. description
d. hortatory exposition
e. news item
5. According to text 1, the design of Borobudur is similar to .
a. the Syailendra's palace
b. Gupta temple in India

77

c. the temple of Syailendra


d. a bell-shaped stupa
e. the temple at Angkor, Cambodia
6. Who excavated Borobudur temple?
a. The Syailendra dynasty
b. Archaelogists
c. Gupta
d. Angkor
e. Buddhist-shrines
7. According to the generic structure of the text, the second paragraph is called the . . . .
a. identification
b. reiteration
c. recommendation
d. general statement
e. description
8. The way to the summit extends through some . . . of passages and stairways.
a. the 9th century
b. the 11th century
c. 46 m
d. 150 ft
e. 4.8 km
9. "The entire edifice is crowned by a large stupa .
The word in italic has almost the same meaning as ... .
A. Big

B. whole

C. hole

D. hall

E. same

10. "The Borobudur temple is well-known all over the world': The meaning of the italic
word is .
A. Famous B. the biggest

C. the most spectacular

D. the oldest

E.the most beautiful

78

Task 1
Dengan membaca wacana dengan cepat siswa dapat menyebutkan keterangan-keterangan yang diperlukan tentang komodo.

Read the questions below and find the answers in the text that follows! When you have
finished answering the questions, read your note that you made, what things that you do not
know about Komodo?
1.

How does komodo look like?

2.

Explain briefly about komodo's parts of body!

3.

Where do we find komodo?

4.

What is interesting thing for tourists when they watch komodo at Poreng valley?

2. Komodo
One of the many tourists attractions in Indonesia is komodo. This animal
belongs to the lizard family. If you want to know how a komodo looks like just
figure out a very huge lizard with the length of more than three metres and the
weight of about 136 kilograms. People also call it komodo dragon because it also
looks like a dragon.

Its skin is bright and scaled. When sunlight falls upon its body the grey scales on
the body exposes a horrible appearance. Its long neck raises its broad head when it
sweeps. The legs, too, are strong enough to lift its body. The teeth are serrated like

79

a saw and used to tear its prey after the sharp nails of the claws have captured it.
Watching komodo dragon savouring its victim is really a shuddering scene. But
tourists do enjoy being shuddered at Poreng valley and Walo Liang at Komo do
island. For the scene they pay and then look down at the meal party of komodoes.
A dead goat tied up and hung to a low branch. The hungry komodo tries to reach and
tear the bait.
The other islands of komodo are Rinca and Flores. In these parts of the islands
people are frightened when the komodoes raid their domestic animals.

They are

really scared if the beasts might also attack their kids.


Source: Encyclopedia Britanica
Task 2
Dengan membaca wacana lebih teliti siswa dapat menyebutkan jawaban untuk pertanyaan yang rinci.

Read the text once again more carefully and answer these questions. This time do the
task in pairs!
1.

Is komodo a dragon family? What words in the text show clearly that

komodo is not a dragon family!


2.

Komodo is an animal which eats the other living animals and it has

special tools for it. What are his tools?


3.

. . . look down at the meal party of komodoes. (p.3) Why the writer calls it

meal party? What does she mean?


4.

At Rinca and Flores the komodoes are free to explore the land. What

sentence tells you that they are free?

80

Task 3
Dengan mengingat jenis-jenis reptil siswa dapat menyebutkan jenis-jenis tersebut dalam bahasa !nggris.

Discuss in groups the kinds of reptile family and how the shapes of the animals are!
Name of the animals
(reptile)

Shapes of the animals'


bodies

1.
2.
3.
4.

B. Vocabulary
Kosakata tentang komodo
Setelah memahami makna kalimat-kalimat tertentu sesuai dengan konteksnya siswa dapat menemukan kata-kata dengan
pengertian yang diberikan.

Find in the text words or phrases having the following meanings:


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

very big
not pleasant to see
looks like saw
victim of another animal
eat greedily
frightening
attack
frightened
animal
children

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

C. Structure
Adverb Clauses
Practice Task 1
Siswa dapat mengidentifikasi bentuk kalimat yang menggunakan adverb clause.

Change the adverbs of time, place and manner with the words in the brackets!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

They have finished their test at 09.30 (before the bell rings)
We arrived there by ten o'clock (when the students were listening to their teacher)
Sit on the floor! (Wherever you like)
They played tennis well (as I played last week)
He worked hard (as his father had worked last summer)
Yomiko found a good job last month (as soon as he finished her English course)
I'll finish my letter now (before my teacher comes)

81

She waited here until Friday (until the rain stopped)


9. Susan sang a song beautifully (as I told her)
10. Where did you go last night? (When I phoned you)
8.

3. BIRDS
Birds belong to a class of warm blooded vertebrate animals with feather covered
bodies. Next to the mammals, birds are the most important group of land-living vertebrates.
All birds have feathers, although in some types, particularly those that cannot fly, the normal
structure of the feathers may be much modified and be downy, woolly, or straw like. The
forelimbs of birds are modified into wings. The bony part of the tail, except in the very
earliest fossil birds, is very short, and the visible tail is composed of feathers only. The teeth

are absent except in some fossil forms. As in mammals-the only other group of warmblooded animal-the circulation is highly perfected so that there is no mixing of arterial and
venous blood, but the arrangement of veins and arteries by which this is accomplished, is
different in the two groups. Birds have keen hearing, although they have no external ears.
The sense of sight also is very keen, but the sense of smell is weak or lacking, except in a few
vultures and other birds.
1. The passage is about the ... of birds.
A. species
B. definitions
C. clarification

82

D. classification

E. characteristics

2. From the text we can conclude that both birds and mammals have ... .
A. backbones
B. keen sights
C. keen hearing
D. downy feathers
E. weak sense of smell
3. Which of the following is NOT possessed by birds ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Feathers.
Wings.
Teeth.
Tails.
Ears

Pre-reading
Task 1

With a partner find the answers to the following questions!


1.

What do we usually do on April 21?

2.

Why do the female students usually wear local dresses on that day?

3.

Can you mention some other Indonesian heroines?


Where did they come from?

Whilst reading Task 2


Dengan membaca cepat, siswa dapat menemukan informasi khusus dalam teks.
Study the following questions first, then read the text quickly to answer them!
1.

Who was Kartini's mother?

2.

Who was Kartini's only brother?

3.

How old was Kartini when she stopped


attending school?

4.

How old was Kartini when she died?

83

4. Raden Ajeng Kartini


Kartini, the daughter of Raden Mas Adipati Sosroningrat the Regent of Jepara seemed to be
the first Indonesian woman who intended to change the life of the women around her. Women,
especially
.

Javanese

women,

were

caged

by

severe

custom

in

those

days.

Ngasirah, one of the Regent's wives, gave birth to a daughter on April 21, 1879. She was

named Kartini. Her father who had progressive standpoint used to call her Trinil, the name of a
small lively bird. He was one of the Javanese Regents who could write and speak Dutch fluently.
He thought that western education was an opening door to improvement. Kartini's brother,
Sosrokartono, was sent to the Netherlands to continue his studies after finishing the high school.
Kartini was also sent to a local Dutch school in Jepara. She had some Javanese friends, mostly some
Regents' children as well as some Dutch ones. According to the government's regulations, not all
Javanese children were allowed to attend Dutch schools.
.

When

Kartini

was

twelve

years

old

she

was

sup-

posed to leave school and to stay at home because the custom said so. She spent the time
to read books every day. She got lots of knowledge from them. From that reading she
could see the life of the European women and then compared with one around her.
She came to a conclusion that God created men and women equally so that they
should
.

have

the

same

rights.

While she was waiting for the government's answer to continue her studies in

Batavia, she founded a "Girl School" at her home. There were only nine students, most
of them were her friends and relatives. She taught them sewing, cooking, Javanese
language and others for free.
.

On

July

7,

......................................... .................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................. .

1903

when

Kartini

was

preparing

for

her marriage she received the government's permission to continue her studies including
the F.4.800,- allowance. She asked Rukmini, her sister, to replace her but she refused, so
she
.

asked

Agus

Salim

instead.

It was a pity that she did not live long. She died on November 17, 1904 after giving

birth to a son. She did not have time to see the results of her struggle. Kartini's ideas
were followed by Dewi Sartika in Bandung. She founded the "Wives School". Kardinah
who was also Kartini's sister married a Regent in Tegal. She also founded a "Girl Vocational
School". Men may die but not their ideas.
Source: Seri Pahlawan Nasional Dep. Sos. R.I., 1976

84

Task 3
Dengan membaca lebih teliti, siswa dapat menemukan keterangan yang lebih rind.

In groups read the text more intensively to answer these questions!


1.

What was Kartini's main idea?

2.

What was her father?

3.

Why did she stop going to school?

4.

What did she do then?

5.

What do you know about Agus Salim as stated in the text?

6.

How do you know that Kartini's idea was not a failure?


Post-reading Task 4
Siswa dapat menyatakan pendapatnya tentang suatu persoalan.

In groups, discuss and answer the following question!


Why were all Indonesians not allowed to attend Dutch schools during the
Dutch occupation in Indonesia?

B. Vocabulary
Kosakata mengenai R.A. Kartini. Task
Siswa dapat mencari dan menemukan padanan kata yang tercantum dalam teks.

Find the word/words in the text which has/have the same or the similar meaning with
the followings!
1.

wanted (paragraph 1)

2.

locked up (paragraph 1)

3.

hard (paragraph 1)

4.

point of view (paragraph 2)

5.

active (paragraph 2)

6.

smoothly and easily (paragraph 2)

7.

permitted (paragraph 2)

8.

same degree (paragraph 3)

9.

without cost (paragraph 4)

10.

fight (paragraph 6)

85

C. Structure
Susunan elliptic dengan 'too' dan 'so'.

Practice Task 1
Siswa dapat menyingkat kalimat dengan menggunakan too atau so.

Shorten the following sentences by using a verb phrase with too or so!
Examples:
1.

He speaks English and she speaks English.

2.

Richard was arrested and his wife was arrested.

Answers :
1.

He speaks English and she does too.. He speaks English and so does she.

2.

Richard was arrested and his wife was too. Richard was arrested and so was his wife.

1.

John wanted to go to the movie and Jane wanted to go to the movie.

2.

She is going to the concert and I am going to the concert.

3.

Mr. Tomlinson will be here next week and his wife will be here next week.

4.

Mrs. Ellis likes tea and her husband likes tea.

5.

Tony can speak French fluently and his sister can speak French fluently.

6.

I saw the accident and my brother saw the accident.

7.

I have had dinner and my wife has had dinner.

8.

Helen works in the office and I work in the office.

86

5. Cleopatra
One of the most famous women in world history was Cleopatra VII. She was the
brilliant and beautiful last Pharaoh of Egypt. Historically, she became queen of Egypt in
51 BC at the age of eighteen. She was a Ptolemy, descended from one of Alexander the
Great' s general. When she was twenty-one, Julius Caesar became her lover. Seven years
later she met Antony. The romantic tragic relationship continued until they died by
suicide in 30 B.C.
Cleopatra was legendary. She was famous not only for her breathtaking beauty but
also for her great intellect. She had brown eyes and they were shaped like cat eyes. Her
skin was in fact an olive shade, darker than Hollywood actress Liz Taylor who portrayed
her in the film 'Cleopatra" in 1963. She had medium dark brown hair, about to the middle
of her shoulder blades. She had a reputation as an extraordinarily sensuous woman.
Cleopatra was a woman of remarkable poise and usual intelligence. She was highly
educated_ She spoke proficiently in nine languages and also skilled in mathematics. She is
often considered to be a stunning seductress though she was studying to be a nun.
Cleopatra was a very intelligent queen and a politician with a great charisma.

Questions
1. Who is the most famous women in world history based on the text above?
2. Who is Cleopatra VII?
3. When did Cleopatra became queen of Egypt?
4. What are the characteristics of Cleopatra?
5. Why did Cleopatra called as a highly educated women?

87

Read the following text

What is a crystal made How can atoms and elec Questions such as these at tists of the
world struggle formulate scientific theorie things happen. So, the aim to find out how the
world
Scientists of the world natural phenomena of the m and controlled by science. I great men
such as Galileo Descartes, Isaac Newton, convinced that with the he] science would be able to re:
of the uncountable secrets phenomena. In 1637, Rer philosopher, mathematicia that science
should be ba analysis of intuitive ideas. scientific if it could be ran.
The power of thought became the primary source of scientific theories. "Cogito, ergo sum". I
think, therefore I am. In this everliving motto, Descartes wanted to say that we existed
because we used our intellect. According to this philosophy, scientific theories were
developed through introspection. The scientists worked out evidences for the validity of the
theories by rationalizing their experiences until they reached a state where no doubt could be
produced. Called the deductive logic, this approach to scientific inquiry was often referred to
as the rational approach to scientific research.
About ten years earlier, Francis Bacon, an English philosopher, had proposed a method of
scientific inquiry which was very different from that of Descartes. Bacon believed that, instead
of using intuitive power, scientists should base their theories on the results of observations.
The scientists should empty their mind, made observations of phenomena, and generalized
the results of their observations to formulate scientific theories. Called the inductive logic, this
approach to scientific research would be able to generalize particular cases into a general
theory which would be able to explain the fundamental laws of nature. Because this scientific
method was based on experiences of observations of scientists, it was called the empirical

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approach to scientific inquiry (empeira is a Greek word which means experience).


Rene Descartes and Francis Bacon were two great men of the world who established the
principle foundations of science. Both had tried to provide a simple method for scientific inquiry.
While Bacon wanted scientists to rely their research solely n experiences, Descartes wanted
scientists to base _weir products of inquiry solely on pure reason. Both had their own strengths and
weaknesses. Modern scientists, however, tend to believe that both reason and experience play an
important role in science. in the one hand, reason, or intuition, or imagination provides the scientists
with early speculative hypotheses. On the other, experience provides the scientists with evidence
whether to accept or reject the hypotheses. While both Bacon and Descartes , wanted to arrive at
whether a theory is true, modern scientists would be more reserved when coming to contact with
what is called a "true" theory. It is possible, however, to find ways in which the correctness of a
theory can be tested Finally, modern scientists tend to believe that no theory, however well it has
been tested, is without some weakness.
So, how does one come back to the questions above? One would, first of all, tries to
formulate speculative answers based on available theories. Equipped with these speculative
answers, which are called hypotheses, one will move further to conduct observation in the field
to collect data. One will then analyze the data, and, based on the results of the analysis, one will
be able to accept or reject the hypo-theses. This is called the inductive-deductive approach
which is widely followed by many of the modern scientists of the world.

a. Choose the best optio n for the answer.

1) The text is mainly about ....


a. the history of scientific inquiry
b. Cogito, ergo sum
c. how to formulate good questions
d. great people of the world
e. confusion in the development of science

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2) The writer asks some questions at the beginning of the text to ....
a. open the discussion
b. show confusion
c. have something to say
d. explain a theory
e. be answered by the readers

3)From the text, we know that around the 1620s,


a.

Francis Bacon proposed his theory

b. scientists integrated the two theories


c.

scientists began to use only intui-tions

d. the rational approach was esta-blished


e.

Descartes proposed 'Cogito, ergo sum'

4) The writer compare the rational approach to the empirical approach in the ....
a.

2nd paragraph

b. 3rd paragraph
c.

4th paragraph

d. 5th paragraph
e.

6th paragraph

5) The steps of the inductive-deductive approach would most probably be ....


a. intuition hypotheses observation analyses conclusion
b. questions answers hypotheses evidence analyses
c. observation hypotheses evidence analyses intuition
d. questions hypotheses evidence analyses answers
e. hypotheses evidence analyses answers conclusion

6) Modern scientists tend to believe that ....


a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

it is not possible to test theories


no theories have weaknesses
all theories have some weaknesses
it is impossible to explain the world phenomena
the inductive-deductive approach is the best

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7) The word that (p. 3) refers to ....


a. intuitive power
b. result of observations
c. an English philosopher
d. the time of ten years earlier
e. a method of scientific inquiry

8) And, on the other (p. 4) refers to....


a. intuition

d. reason

b. hand

e. evidence

c. imagination

9) The writer closes the text by ....


a.

asking a question that cannot be answered

b.

summarizing the history of science

c.

answering the questions in the first paragraph

d.

giving more questions for the reader to answer

e.

commenting on the best research method

10) In presenting the text, the writer is ....


a.

being critical over the weaknesses of the rational and empirical approaches

b.

looking at the various inquiry methods objectively

c.

defending one method while attack-ing other

d.

saying that there has been a lot of confusic in this field

e.

answering questions that other people ca: not do

b. Facts vs Opinions.
Often times, we are asked to say whether a certain statement is a fact or an opinion.
This task is useful for us because it can sharpen our way of thinking. Unfortunately,
sometimes it is difficult to say whether something is a fact or an opinion. However, three
items of guides below can be used to help you for this purpose.

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Fact
Based on observation

Opinion

judgements

The pencil in the glass is intact.


Can be proved by evidences
(e.g. research data)

The pencil in the glass is broken.

Our classroom has better furni-

tables, and 2 filing cabinets.

In 1637 Rene Descartes es-

Cannot be proved by evidences

Our classroom has 20 desks, 2

General statements about the past or


present

Based on perception, feelings, or

tune than the other classes in our


school.

Statements for the future, or


predictions

tablished a theory which became

In ten years, the Matrix-25 will be the best

the best approach at that time.

computer program in the world.

Each pair of statements below consists of a fact and a statement/opinion.


Identify them.
1) a. It's very hot here. Look the needle shows to almost 30 degrees.
b. It's very hot in our classroom. We cannot study very well.
2) 2) a. Men are better drivers than women.
b. Boys are more sensitive to diseases than girls because boys only have one X a chromosome while
girls have two.
3) a. Ben's family is very careless because they spend almost all their income on lavishly so that they
cannot save some money each month.
b. Ben's family spends almost three quarter of their income on daily needs and the rest on additional
needs. At the end of the month they have no money to save.
4)

a. He was a simple man who was able to practice tolerance without having much formal education.
b. He was an uneducated person and what he did never pleased anybody in the neighbourhood.

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c. Do the following Tasks


1. Work in small groups. Name at least three animals that hunters catch
and/or kill, and write what each is killed for.
Kind of animal
Caugh/Killed for...
1
2
3
4
5
6
2. In groups of 3 or 4 students choose one of the following actions to persuade
people to maintain the balance of nature.

1. Make a slogan.
2. Write a poem.
3. Write an open letter to a magazine or newspaper.

3. Enjoy these funny stories.


1. When my friend and I went for a swim near the mouth of the Zambezi River in Mozambique, I asked a
young boy, who was fishing nearby, whether there were sharks in the water.
"No," he answered.
My friend and I jumped into the water and started swimming. After several minutes, I called out to the
boy, "Are you sure there are no sharks here?"
"No sharks," he replied. "Sharks afraid of crocodiles."

2. On an African safari, the native guide was asked how to keep from being attacked by wild animals at
night.
"Just carry a lighted torch," he suggested.
"Does that really work?" the questioner persisted.
"It depends," said the guide, "on how fast you carry it."

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3.

Years ago, my youngest sister asked, "Jane, where do clouds come from?" Trying to think
of an analogy, I pointed to the coffeepot on the stove. "Pretend that the water in the
coffeepot is the ocean," I said, "and that the burner is like the sun. When the sun warms
to ocean, it creates a mist of water, and then clouds form." She seemed to understand.
At breakfast a few days later she suddenly looked up at me and said, "Jane, I was just
wondering. What happens to the clouds if everybody stops drinking coffee?"

4.

Several friends were discusing the subject of fortune telling. One said that when he was young, a
fortune teller predicted that he would have more money than he could count, and another fortune
teller predicted that he would open a bank. His mother was overjoyed to hear these prophecies.
As it turned out, both fortune tellers were correct. This man works in a bank. Every day he counts
stacks And stacks of money -- for the customers. And it is his duty to open the bank's door every
morning to start the day's business.
5.

Two explorers were on a jungle safari when suddenly a


ferocious lion jumped in front of them. "Keep calm,"
the first explorer whispered. "Remember what we
read in that book on wild animals? If you stand perfectly
still and look the lion in the eye, he will turn and run."
"Sure," replied his companion. "You've read the book,
and I've read the book. But has the lion read the book?"

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6.

a. Write the words from the following clues. The last letter of the first word is the first
letter for the second word, and so on.
1. help (3 letters)
2. come (from) (6 letters)
7.

Change into gas (9letters)

4. be (5 letters);
5. Don't cut them, please! (5 letters);
6. of or from the sun (5 letters);
7. falling water (4 letters);
8. energy from atoms (7 letters).

b. Try to find as many words as you can, beginning at the top of the wheel and moving in a clockwise
direction, as indicated by the arrows.

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EVALUATION UNIT IV

NAME

A. Listening

CLASS

Listen and write the missing words read by your teacher.

ORDER NO

An elephant is the 1) .......... and 2) ........... of all animals. It is a 3) ..........


looking animal with its 4) .......... legs, 5)..........sides and backs, 6) l..........
hanging ears, a 7) .......... tail, 8) .......... eyes, 9) ...................... Tusks and above
all it has a long nose, the trunk.
The trunk is the elephant's peculiar feature, and it has various uses. The
elephant draws up water by its trunk and can squirt it all over its body like a
shower bath. It can also lift leaves and puts them into its mouth. In fact, the trunk
serves the elephant as a long arm and hand. An elephant looks very 10) .............
and 11) heavy and yet it can move very 12) ..................
The elephant is a very 13) .................... animal. Its intelligence combined
with its 14) ................ strength makes it a very 15) ............... servant to man and
it can be trained to serve in various ways such as carry heavy loads, hunt for tigers,
and even fight.
B. Reading: Answer the following questions based on the text above
16. The third paragraph is mainly about the fact that . . . .

a.
b.
c.

elephants are strong


elephants can lift logs
elephants are servants

d. elephants are very useful


e. elephants must be trained

17. Which of the following is NOT part of the elephant described in the first paragraph?
a.
b.
c.

It looks strange.
It is heavy.
It is wild.

d. It has a trunk.
e. It has a small tail.

18. It is stated in the text that the elephant uses the trunk to do the following, EXCEPT .
a.
b.
c.

to eat
to push
to drink

d. to carry things
e. to squirt water over the body

19. "The trunk is the elephant's peculiar feature ...." (Paragraph 2) The closest meaning to the
underlined word is . . . .
a. large
d. smooth
b. strange
e. long
c. tough
20. Which of the following is not part of the elephant?
a. Trunk
b. Leaves

c. Tail
d. Eyes

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Remedial Test 1.
1.Read the text and answer the following
questions!

NAME

CLASS

ORDER NO

The Tyrant Who Became a Just Ruler


In the olden times there was a king who was so cruel and unjust toward his subjects
that he was always called The Tyrant. So heartless was he that his people use to pray
night and day that they might have a new king.
One day, much to their surprise, he called his people together and said to them.
"My dear subjects, the days of my tyranny are over. Henceforth, you shall live in
peace and happiness, for I have decided to try my rule henceforth justly and welt"
The king kept his words, so well that soon lie was known throughout the land as The
Just King. By and by one of his favorites came to him said, "Your Majesty, I beg you
to tell me how it was that you had this change of heart towards your people."
And the King relied, "As I was galloping through my forests one afternoon, I caught
sight of a hound chasing a fox. The fox escaped into his hole, but not until he had
been bitten by the dog so badly that he would be lame for life. The hound, returning
home, met a roan who threw a stone at him, which he broke his leg. And the horse,
starting to run, fell into a hole and broke his leg. Here I came to my senses, and
resolved to change my rule, for surely, I said to myself, who does evil will sooner or
later be overtaken by evil."
1.

Questions:
How is the King as stated in the text above?

2.

What animals are stated in the text above?

3. Here I came to my sense and resolved to change my rule. What is the meaning of bold italicized word?
4.

Paragraph two tells us that the King ...

5.What is the purpose of the text?


6.Why did people called the king as The Tyrant?
7.Where and when did the king gallop?
8.What did he say to hiMself after having experience in the forest?
9.What did people pray every day and night?
10.Did the king change his behavior to be a good and wise king?

97

Remedial Test 2.
2. Complete the following text with suitable words

NAME

in the box!

CLASS

ORDER NO :

-overcrowded -dependents
-the countryside -migration

-medical care
-fifty percent

-resettlement -revenue
-graduates -school

The problem of over population in Indonesia is made worse by the fact that (1) ... of
all Indonesians are below the age of eighteen years. Most of them are (2) ... They do
not earn money to support themselves and are in need of many facilities like food, (3)
..., clothing, education. and employment opportunities. Although a large number of
them are forced to drop out of (4) ... to earn a living, the government. Still has to spend
a very large part of its (5) ... on education. Then comes the problem of creating enough
jobs for every new generation of school leavers or college(6)
Although the problem of overcrowded cities is difficult to solve, there is a solution to
the problem of people living in (7) ... areas of the countryside. The solution is internal
(8) ... This means moving poor people from (9) ... to different but underdeveloped parts
of Indonesia, where they may work to build a new life themselves. In Indonesia, there
are large and active (10) ... programmes of his sort which have given a new life to
thousands of people.

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