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Code No: 3220103 Set No. 1
II B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May 2009
HYDRAULICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) What is critical flow? Derive the condition for maximum discharge for a given
value of specific energy.
(b) The specific energy for a 6 m wide rectangular channel is to be 5 kg-m/kg.
If the rate of flow of water through the channel is 24 m3 /s. Determine the
alternate depths of flow. [8+8]
2. Water flows at a steady and uniform depth of 2 m in an open channel of rectangular

cross - section having base width equal to 5 m and laid at a slope of 1 in 100. It
is desired to obtain critical flow in the channel by providing a hump in the bed.
Calculate hump height and sketch the flow profile. Consider the value of Mannings
rugosity coefficient n = 0.02 for the channel surface. [16]
3. Prove that the resistance F of a sphere of diameter d moving at a constant speed

ν through
h ia fluid of density ρ and dynamic viscosity µ may be expressed as F =
µ2
ρ
φ vdρ
µ
. [16]
4. (a) Define the term: impact of jets. Obtain an expression for the force exerted by
a jet of water on a fixed vertical plate in the direction of the jet.
(b) Find the force exerted by a jet of water of diameter 100mm on a stationary
flat plate, when the jet strikes the plate normally with a velocity of 30m/sec.
[8+8]
5. A Francis turbine having an overall efficiency of 75% is required to give 200kw

under a head of 9m when running at 120 rpm. √The velocity √ of periphery of the
wheel and the velocity of flow at inlet are 3.47 H and 1.15 H respectively. If
the hydraulic losses in the turbine are 20% of the available energy, find
(a) Guide blade angle at inlet

(b) Wheel vane angles at the inlet and out let and
(c) diameter of the wheel at inlet and outlet. [16]
6. (a) A model turbine 1m in diameter acting under a head of 2m runs at 150 rpm.
Estimate the scale ratio if the prototype develops 20 KW under a head of 225
m with a specific speed of 100.
(b) What are the physical indicators for the presence of cavitation in turbines?
[10+6]
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7. (a) What is meant by priming of a centrifugal pump? What are the different
priming arrangements employed for small and big pumping units?
(b) A centrifugal pump works against a head of 30 m and discharges 0.25 m3 /s
while running at 1000 rpm. The velocity of flow at the outlet is 3 m/s and the
vane angle at outlet is 300 . Determine the diameter and width of impeller at
outlet if the hydraulic efficiency is 80 per cent. [8+8]
8. The load on a hydel plant varies from a minimum of 10,000kW to a maximum of

35,000kW. Two turbo-generators of capacities 22,000kW each have been installed.
Calculate
(a) Total installed capacity of the plant

(b) Plant factor
(c) Maximum demand
(d) Load factor. [16]
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2 of 2
(Civil Engineering)
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1. (a) Derive the condition for the best side slope of the most economical trapezoidal
channel.
(b) Design a concrete lined channel to carry a discharge of 500 cumecs at a slope of
1 in 4000. The side slopes of the channel may be taken as 1:1. The Manning’s
roughness coefficient for the lining is 0.014. Assume permissible velocity in
the section as 2.5 m/s [8+8]
2. (a) Explain the criterion for critical state of flow. Derive the expression?.
(b) In a flow through a rectangular channel for a certain discharge the Froude
numbers corresponding to the alternate depths are F1 and F2 . Show that
2/3
F1 (2+F22 )
F2
= (2+F 2 )
. [8+8]
1
3. Assuming that the viscous force F exerted by a fluid on a sphere of diameter D

depends on the viscosity µ, mass density of the fluid “ρ”, and the velocity of the
sphere ν, obtain and expression for the viscous force. [16]
4. A jet of water having a velocity of 40m/sec strikes a curved vane, which is moving
with a velocity of 20m/sec. The jet makes an angle of 300 with the direction of
motion of the vane at inlet and leaves at an angle of 900 to the direction of motion
of the vane at outlet. Draw the velocity triangles at inlet and outlet and determine
the vane angles at inlet and outlet so that the water enters and leaves the vane
without shock. [16]
5. (a) Draw a neat diagram of a reaction turbine and explain its working. State the
equations for power produced and efficiency.
(b) Explain any two types of draft tubes with neat diagrams. [8+8]
6. (a) A hydraulic turbine develops 120 KW under a head of 10 m at a speed of

90 rpm and gives an efficiency of 92%. Find the water consumption and the
specific speed. If a model of scale 1: 30 is constructed to operate under a head
of 8m what must be its speed, power and water consumption to run under the
conditions similar to prototype.
(b) What are the constant head characteristic curves of a turbine? What is the
use to develop them? [10+6]
7. (a) Define a centrifugal pump. Explain the working of a single stage centrifugal
pump.
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(b) The water is to be pumped out of a deep well under a total head of 90m. A
number of identical pumps of design speed 1000 rpm and specific speed 900
rpm with a rated capacity of 150 lps are available. How many pumps will be
required and how should they be connected ? [8+8]
8. Explain in detail about high head diversion power plants along with its components?
[16]
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2 of 2
(Civil Engineering)
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1. (a) What do you mean by most economical section of a channel. What are the
conditions for the rectangular channel of the best section?
(b) Determine the dimensions of the most economical trapezoidal earth-lined chan-
nel (Manning-s n = 0.02) to carry 14 m3 /s at a slope of 4 in 10,000. [8+8]
2. Water flows at a steady and uniform depth of 2 m in an open channel of rectangular

cross - section having base width equal to 5 m and laid at a slope of 1 in 100. It
is desired to obtain critical flow in the channel by providing a hump in the bed.
Calculate hump height and sketch the flow profile. Consider the value of Mannings
rugosity coefficient n = 0.02 for the channel surface. [16]
3. The resisting torque T against the motion of a shaft in a lubricated bearing depends
on the viscosity µ, the rotational speed
Nthe diameter D and the bearing pressure
3 p
intensity p. Show that T = µ N D φ µN . [16]
4. A jet of water having a velocity of 60m/sec is deflected by a vane moving at 25m/sec

in a direction at 300 to the direction of jet. The water leaves the vane normally to
the motion of the vane. Draw the inlet and outlet velocity triangles and find out
the vane angles for no shock at entry and exit. Take the relative velocity at the
exit as 0.8 times the relative velocity at the entrance. [16]
5. A Pelton wheel working under a head of 500m has an overall efficiency of 85% and
runs at 400 rpm, and developes 7000 kw of power. Taking the bucket speed as 0.47
times the jet speed and assuming Cv = 0.97, find
(a) The wheel diameter and

(b) The jet diameter. [16]
6. (a) Where is servo meter used in governing mechanism of turbines? Explain its
use?
(b) A Kaplan turbine is to develop 2400 KW when running at 240 rpm under a
net head of 49m. In order to predict its performance a model of scale 1:5 is
tested under a net head of 25m. At what speed should the model run and
what power would it develop. Determine the discharge in the model and in
full scale turbine if the overall efficiency of the model is 85%. [8+8]
7. (a) What is meant by priming of a centrifugal pump? What are the different
priming arrangements employed for small and big pumping units?
1 of 2
(b) A centrifugal pump works against a head of 30 m and discharges 0.25 m3 /s
while running at 1000 rpm. The velocity of flow at the outlet is 3 m/s and the
vane angle at outlet is 300 . Determine the diameter and width of impeller at
outlet if the hydraulic efficiency is 80 per cent. [8+8]
8. When a run-of-river plant operates as a peak load station with a weekly load factor
of 20%, all its capacity is firm capacity. What will be the minimum flow in the
river so that the station may serve as the base load station?. It is given that Rated
installed capacity of generator = 10,000kW
Operating head = 15m
Plant efficiency = 80%
Estimate the daily load factor of the plant, if the stream flow is 15cumec. [16]
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2 of 2
(Civil Engineering)
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1. (a) Derive the condition for depth of flow of a most economical circular channel
section subject to the condition for maximum velocity.
(b) Water flows in a channel of the shape of isosceles triangle of bed width ‘a’and
sides making an. angle of 450 with the bed. Determine the relation between
depth of flow d., and the bed width ‘a’ for maximum velocity and for maximum
discharge condition. Use Manning’s formula and note that d is less than 0.5
a. [8+8]
2. (a) Define specific force in open channel applying momentum principle, obtain an
expression for specific force.
(b) A trapezoidal channel of bed width 6m and side slopes 1:1, carries a uniform
flow of 25m3 /s.
i. Plot a specific energy curve and find the value of critical depth and min-
imum specific energy.
ii. Calculate the alternate depths and their corresponding Froude’s number
for a specific energy of 2.5m
iii. Determine the depth alternate to 1.5m
iv. Determine the type of flow for y=0.5m and y=2.5m. [8+8]
3. The resistance
R, to the motion of a completely submerged body is given by R =
ρv ℓ φ vℓ
2 2
γ
.where ρ and g are the density and the kinematic viscosity of the fluid
while l is the length of the body and v is the velocity of flow. If the resistance to
the motion of a one-eight scale air ship model when tested in water at 12 metres
per second is 22 kg, what will be the resistance to the motion in air of the airship
at the corresponding speed? Kinematic viscosity of air is 13 times that of water
and density of water is 810 times that of air. [16]
4. A jet of water moving at 12m/sec impinges on vane shaped to deflect the jet through
1200 when stationary. If the vane is moving at 5m/sec, find the angle of the jet so
that there is no shock at inlet. What is the absolute velocity of the jet at exit in
magnitude and direction and the work done per second? Assume that the vane is
smooth. [16]
5. Obtain an expression to the work done per second by water on the runner of a
Pelton wheel. Hence derive an expression for maximum efficiency of the Pelton
wheel giving the relationship between the jet speed and the bucket speed. [16]
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6. (a) A hydraulic turbine develops 120 KW under a head of 10 m at a speed of
90 rpm and gives an efficiency of 92%. Find the water consumption and the
specific speed. If a model of scale 1: 30 is constructed to operate under a head
of 8m what must be its speed, power and water consumption to run under the
conditions similar to prototype.
(b) What are the constant head characteristic curves of a turbine? What is the
use to develop them? [10+6]
7. (a) How will you obtain an expression for the minimum speed for starting a cen-
trifugal pump.
(b) A centrifugal pump with 1.2m diameter runs at 200 rpm and pumps 880 litres
per second, the average lift being 6m. The angle which the vanes make at
exit with the tangent to the impeller is 260 and the radial velocity of flow is
2.5 m/s. Determine the manometric efficiency and the least speed to start
pumping against a head of 6m, the inner diameter of the impeller being 0.6
m. [8+8]
8. The load on a hydel plant varies from a minimum of 10,000kW to a maximum of

35,000kW. Two turbo-generators of capacities 22,000kW each have been installed.
Calculate
(a) Total installed capacity of the plant

(b) Plant factor
(c) Maximum demand
(d) Load factor. [16]
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SET - 1
Code No: 3220204
II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations April/May 2009

ELECTRICAL MACHINES - II
( Electrical and Electronics Engineering )
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions.

All questions carry equal marks
******
1. (a) State and Explain the Principle of operation and constructional details of single-phase
transformer.
(b) A 1 – phase transformer has 500 turns in the primary and 1200 turns in the Secondary.
The cross – sectional area of the core is 80 sq.cm. If the primary winding is connected to
a 50 HZ supply at 500 V, Calculate (i) peak flux density and (ii) Voltage induced in the
Secondary.
2. (a) How does a transformer can be resolved into an equivalent circuit?
(b) A 600 KVA, 1- Phase transformer when working at u.p.f has an efficiency of 92% at
full load and also at half-load. Determine its efficiency when it operates at unity p.f and
full load.
3. (a) Explain the requirements for parallel operation of 1 – phase transformers.
(b) Two 1 – phase transformers A and B rated at 250 KVA each are operated in parallel
on both sides. Percentage impedances for A and B are (1 + j6) and (1.2 + j 4.8)
respectively. Compute the load shared by each when the total load is 500 KVA at 0.8 p.f
lagging.
4. Discuss various possible poly phase connections in poly phase transformers.
5. (a) Obtain the expression for slip and frequency of rotor current.
(b) A 4 – pole, 3 – phase induction motor operates from a supply whose frequency is 50
HZ. Calculate.
(i) The speed at which the magnetic field of the stator is rotating.
(ii) The speed of the rotor when the slip is 0.04
(iii) The frequency of the rotor currents when the slip is 0.03
(iv) The frequency of the rotor currents at stand still.
SET - 1
Code No: 3220204
6. (a) Show that when a 3 – phase supply is given to the stator winding of induction motor,
it produces a rotating magnetic field of constant magnitude and rotating at synchronous
speed.
(b) A 12 – pole, 3 – phase induction motor is fed from 100HZ supply. If the frequency of
rotor e.m.f at full load is 5HZ, find the full–load speed and percentage slip.
7. Discuss the no load test and blocked rotor test conducted in 3-phase induction motors.
8. Write short notes on the following
a) Double field revolving theory
b) capacitor start and run motor.
SET - 2
Code No: 3220204


******
1. (a) Derive the e.m.f equation of a 1 – phase transformer.

(b) A 3000 / 200 V, 50 HZ, 1 – phase transformer is built on a core having an effective
cross – sectional area of 150 cm2 and has 80 turns in the low voltage winding. Calculate
(i) the value of the maximum flux density in the core.
(ii) the number of turns in the high voltage winding.
2. (a) Obtain the equivalent circuit of a 1 – phase transformer.
(b) A 600 KVA, 1 – phase transformer has an efficiently of 92% both at full load and half
load at unity power factor. Determine its efficiency at 60% of full load at 0.8 p.f lag.
3. A 230 V/230 V, 3 KVA transformer gave the following results:
O.C test : 230 V, 2A, 100 W
S.C test: 15 V, 13 A, 120 W
Determine the regulation and efficiency at full load 0.8 p.f lagging.
4. Discuss the production of rotating magnetic field in 3 – phase induction motors.
5. A 3 – phase, 50 HZ transformer has a delta – connected primary and star – connected
secondary, the line voltages being 22000 V and 400 V respectively. The secondary has a
star connected balanced load at 0.8 p.f lagging.
6. (a) Discuss various power stages in induction motor
(b) A 3 – phase induction motor is wound for 4 poles and is supplied from 50 HZ system.
Calculate (i) the synchronous speed (ii) the rotor speed. When slip is 4% and (iii) rotor
frequency when rotor runs at 600 rpm.
7. (a) Discuss the working of rotor resistance starter.
(b) Discuss the speed control methods of induction motor by pole changing and
frequency changing
8. Write short notes no the following
b) Capacitor start and run 1- phase induction motor
SET - 3
Code No: 3220204


******
1. a) Explain the Principle of operation of of single phase transformer.

b) The number of turns on the primary and secondary windings of a 1-phase transformer
are 350 and 35 respectively. If the primary is connected to a 2.2 KV, 50HZ supply,
Determine the secondary voltage on no-load.
2. a) Obtain the total equivalent circuit of a 1- phase transformer
b) In a 25KVA, 2000/200 V, 1- phase transformer the iron and load full load copper
losses are 350 and 400W respectively. Calculate the efficiency at unity p.f on
i) Full load ii) half full load.
3. a) Discuss the condition for parallel operation of 1- phase transformers.
b) Two 1- phase transformers with equal turns have impedances of (0.5+j3)ohm and
(0.6 +j 10) ohm with respect to the secondary. If they operate in parallel, determine how
they will share a total load of 100 KW at p.f 0.8 lagging.
4. Explain the Scott connection or T-T connection for 3-phase to 2-phase to transformation.
5. How does a rotating magnetic field set up in a 3- phase induction motor to rotate the
motor. Explain.
6. a) Derive the expression for torque developed in Induction motor .
b) The power input to rotor of a 440V, 50HZ, 3-phase 12pole Induction motor is 75W.
The rotor e.m.f has a frequency of 2 Hz. Calculate. i) slip ii) rotor speed iii) rotor copper
loss iv) mechanical power developed .
7. a) Explain the operation of Star Delta starter with a neat sketch .
b) How the cascade connection helps in controlling the speed of an Induction motor?
Explain.
8. Write short notes on the following.
a) Capacitor start and run 1- phase Induction motor
b) Blocked Rotor Test.
SET - 4
Code No: 3220204


******
1. a) Obtain e.f.m. equation of a transformer from the fundamentals.

b) A 1-phase transformer has 500 primary and 1200 secondary turns . The net cross
section area the core is 75 sq.cm. If the primary winding be connected to a 400V ,50HZ
supply. Calculate
i) The peak value of flux density in the core and ii)Voltage induced in the secondary
winding
2. a) Draw the equivalent circuit of a 1-phase transformer.
b) A 1-phase transformer, working at unity p.f has an efficiency of 90% at both half load
and a full-load of 500KW. Determine the efficiency at 75% of full-load.
3. Explain the O.C and S.C test for 1-phase transformers.
4. Discuss the Open-delta and Scott connections in 3-phase transformers.
5. Explain the term slip in 3 – phase induction motors and explain the torque –slip
Characteristics of induction motors
6. Explain the power stages of a 3 – phase induction motor and deduce the relationship
between copper loss, mechanical power developed and air gap power of an
Induction motor.
7. Explain the importance of NO-load test and Blocked rotor tests in 3- phase induction
motors. How they are conducted?
8. Write short notes no the following
b) Star-Delta starter
SET - 1
Code No: 3220304

FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
( Mechanical Engineering )

******
1. (a) The specific gravity of a liquid is 3.0, what are its specific weight, specific
mass and specific volume?
(b) A body weighing 45 kg with a flat surface area of 930 cm2 slides down lubricated
inclined plane making a 30° angle with the horizontal. For viscosity of 1 poise and
body speed of 3 m/sec, determine the lubricant film thickness.
2. (a) Define and distinguish between streamline, path line and streak line
(b) State and derive Bernoulli’s theorem, mentioning clearly the assumption
underlying it.
3. Derive an expression for mean velocity for laminar flow (i) through pipe; (ii) between
parallel plates.
4. (a) Define the terms: (a) Impact of jets, and (b) Jet propulsion.
(b) Obtain an expression for the force exerted by a jet of water on a fixed vertical plate
in the direction of the jet.
5. What are the uses of draft tube? Describe with neat sketches different types of draft
tubes.
6. (a) What is the basis of selection of a turbine at a particular place?
(b) What are unit quantities? Define the unit quantities for turbine.
7. A pelton wheel has a mean bucket speed of 35 m/s with a jet of water flowing at the
rate of 1 m3/s under a head of 270 m. the buckets deflect the jet through an angle of
170°. Calculate the power delivered to the runner and the hydraulic efficiency of the
turbine. Assume co-efficient of velocity at 0.98.
8. Define a centrifugal pump. Explain the working of a single stage centrifugal pump with
neat sketches.
SET - 2
Code No: 3220304


******
1. (a) If 5.27 cm3 of a certain oil weighs 4482 kg, calculate the specific weight,
mass density and specific gravity of the oil.
(b) Calculate the capillary effect in millimeters in a glass tube of 4 mm diameter, when
immersed in (i) water, and (ii) mercury. The temperature of the liquid is 20° C and the
values of the surface tension of water and mercury at 20° C in contact with air are
0.073575 N/m and 0.51 N/m respectively. The angle of contact for water is zero that for
mercury 1.30°. Take density of water at 20°C as equal to 998 kg/m3.
2. (a) Define and distinguish between (a) steady and unsteady flow, (b) uniform
and non-uniform flow, (c) rotational and irrotational flow.
(b) A 30 cm X 15 cm venturimeter is inserted in vertical pipe carrying water, flowing in
the upward direction. A differential mercury manometer connected to the inlet and
throat gives a reading of 20 cm. find the discharge. Take Cd = 0.98
3. (a) An oil of specific gravity 0.7 is flowing through a pipe of diameter 300
mm at the rate of 500 liters/s. Find the head lost due to friction and power required to
maintain the flow for a length of 1000 m. Take ν = 0.29 stokes.
(b) What do you understand by the terms: major energy loss and minor energy losses in
pipes?
4. A bend in pipeline conveying water gradually reduces from 60 cm to 30 cm diameter
and deflects the flow through angle of 60°. At the larger end the gauge pressure is 1.75
kg/cm2. Determine the magnitude and direction of the force exerted on the bend, (a)
when there is no flow, (b) when the flow is 876 liters per sec.
5. (a) How will you classify the turbines?
(b) Differentiate between turbines and pumps.
6. What do you understand by the characteristics curves of turbine? Name
the important characteristics of a turbine.
SET - 2
Code No: 3220304
7. Differentiate: (i) between a single acting and double acting reciprocating pump, (ii)
between a single cylinder and double cylinder reciprocating pump.
8. Draw and discuss the operating characteristics of a centrifugal pump
SET - 3
Code No: 3220304


******
1. (a) What is the difference between dynamic viscosity and kinematic

viscosity? State their units of measurements.
(b) A U- tube mercury manometer is used to measure the pressure of oil flowing
through a pipe whose specific gravity is 0.85. The center of the pipe is 15 cm below the
level of mercury. The mercury level difference in the manometer is 25 cm, determine
the absolute pressure of the oil flowing through the pipe. Atmospheric pressure is 750
mm of Hg.
2. (a) What is meant by one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-
dimensional flows?
(b) The water is flowing through a taper of length 100 m having diameters 600 mm at
the upper end and 300 mm at the lower end, at the rate of 50 liters/s. The pipe has a
slope of 1 in 30. Find the pressure at the lower end if the pressure at the higher level is
19.62 N/cm2.
3. (a) What do you mean by viscous flow.
(b) Water is flowing through a pipe of 5 cm diameter under a pressure of 29.43 N/cm2
(gauge) and with mean velocity of 2.0 m/s. Find the total head or total energy per unit
weight of the water at a cross section, which is 5 m above the datum line.
4. A jet of water of diameter 50 mm moving with a velocity of 20 m/s strikes a fixed plate
in such a way that the angle between the jet and the plate is 60°. Find the force exerted
by the jet on the plate (i) in the direction normal to the plate, and (ii) in the direction of
the jet.
5. (a) Explain briefly the principles on which a Kaplan turbine works.
(b) Explain the different types of the efficiency of a turbine
6. (a) What is cavitation? How can it be avoided in reaction turbine.
(b) Draw a neat sketch of Pelton turbine and Francis turbine.
SET - 3
Code No: 3220304
7. (a) How will you classify the reciprocating pumps?

(b) Define slip, percentage slip and negative slip of reciprocating pump.
8. What do you mean by manometric efficiency, mechanical efficiency and overall
efficiency of centrifugal pump.
SET - 4
Code No: 3220304


******
1. (a) What is the difference between U-tube differential manometers and

inverted U-tube differential manometers? Where are they used.
(b) A plate, 0.025 mm distant from a fixed plate, moves at 50 cm/s and
requires a force of 1.471 N/m2 to maintain this speed. Determine the fluid viscosity
between the plates in the poise.
2. (a) Differentiate between forced vortex and free vortex flow.
(b) Water flow through a pipe AB 1.2 m diameter at 3 m/s and then passes through a
pipe BC 1.5 m diameter. At C, the pipe branches. Branch CD is 0.8 m in diameter and
carries one-third of the flow in AB. The flow velocity in branch CE is 2.5 m/s. Find the
volume rate of flow in AB, the velocity in BC, the velocity in CD and diameter of CE.
3. (a) Write the assumptions made in the derivation of Bernoulli’s equation
(b) Calculate: (a) the pressure gradient along flow, (b) the average velocity, and (c) the
discharge for an oil of viscosity 0.02 Ns/m2 flowing between two stationary parallel
plates 1 m wide maintained 10 mm apart. The velocity midway between the plates is
2m/s.
4. A jet of water of diameter 100 mm moving with a velocity of 30 m/s strikes a curved
fixed symmetrical plate at the center. Find the force exerted by the jet of water in the
direction of the jet, if the jet is deflected through an angle of 120° at the outlet of the
curved plate.
5. What is a surge tank and a forebay and what are their functions? Describe with neat
sketches different types of surge tanks.
6. (a) Differentiate between an inward and an outward flow reaction turbine.
(b) What is specific speed? State its significance in the study of hydraulic
machines.
SET - 4
Code No: 3220304
7. What is a reciprocating pump? Describe the principle and working of reciprocating

pump with a neat sketch. Why is reciprocating pump not coupled directly to the motor?
Discuss the reason in detail.
8. Define indicator diagram. How will you prove that area of indicator diagram is
proportional to the work done by the reciprocating pump.
SET - 1
Code No: 3220404

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND TRANSMISSION LINES
( Electronics and Communications Engineering )

******
1. a) Derive Poisson’s and Laplace equations.

b) A point charge of 3nc is on the z-axis 2m away from the orgin.Find the result V and E
(8+8)
2. a) Define and explain the Biot- Savarts law. Hence obtain the field due to a straight
current carrying filamentary conductor of finite length.
b) Given E=Em Sin (ωt-βz)ay in free space, find D,B and H (8+8)
3. a) Derive the boundary conditions for the tangential and normal components of
Electrostatic fields at the boundary between two perfect dielectrics.
b) In a medium of µ r=2, find E, B and displacement current density if H=25 Sin(2x108 t
+6X)Y mA/m. (8+8)
4. a) Find all the relations between E and H in a uniform plane wave. Find the value of
intrinsic impedence of free space.
b) Explain the terms linear polarization, circular polarization and elliptical polarization.
(8+8)
5. a) Derive an expression for reflection when a wave is incident on a dielectric obliquely
with parallel polarization.
b) State and prove pointing theorem. (8+8)
6. For a parallel plane wave guide of 3cm separation, determine all the propagation
characteristics for a signal at 10 GHz for i)TE 10 waves ii) TEM waves (8+8)
7. a) Derive the expression for the input impedance of a loss-less line. Hence evaluate ZSC
and Z OC and sketch their variation with line length.
b) What is meant by inductive loading? What are its advantages and disadvantages.
(8+8)
8. a) Explain the significance and utility of λ/8, λ/4 and λ/2 lines.
b) Explain the principle of impedance matching with quarter wave transformer. (8+8)
SET - 2
Code No: 3220404


******
1. a) Define and distinguish between the terms electric field, electric displacement and
electric flux density with necessary mathematical relations.
b) A charge of 8 nc is distributed uniformly along a line of length 8m. Find the field
intensity at radial distance of 2m from the centre of the line assuming air medium. (8+8)
2. a) State Ampere’s circuital law.Specify the conditions to be met for determining
magnetic field strength H, based on Ampere’s circuital law.
b) Derive an expression for magnetic field intensity at a radial distance R due to an
infinite conductor carrying a current I (8+8)
3. a) What are the transformer and motional electromotive forces (emfs)in the context of
Faraday’s law.
b) In a medium characterized by σ = 0, µ=µο,ε =ε0 and E=20 sin(108 t-βz)ay v/m.
Calculate β and H using Maxwell’s equations. (8+8)
4. a) For the wave propagation in good dielectrics, derive the expression for intrinsic
impedence of a good dielectric
b) Derive the expression for skin depth of a good conductor (10+6)
5. a) For the case of reflection by a perfect dielectric with oblique incidence, explain the two
possible polarizations with appropriate sketches and explain the snells laws.
b) Define poynting theorem (12+4)
6. a) Explain the significance of TEM waves in parallel plane guide. Derive an expression
for the attenuation factor for TEM waves
b)Explain the factors on which cut off frequency of a parallel plate wave guide depend
(8+8)
SET - 2
Code No: 3220404
7. a) Draw the equivalent circuit of a two wire transmission line.

b) List out the applications of a transmission lines.
c) Define input impedance of a transmission line and derive the expression for it. (5+5+6)
8. a) What is the significance of standing wave ratio in a transmission line. Calculate the
reflection coefficient and VSWR for a 50Ω line terminated with i) Matched load ii)
short circuit
iii) +j75Ω load iv) –j75Ω load
b) Explain why short circuited stubs are preferred over open circuited stubs. (10+6)
SET - 3
Code No: 3220404


******
1. a) State the Coulomb’s law in SI units and indicate the parameters used in the equation.
b) Three equal positive charges are placed at the corners of an equilateral triangle with a
side of ‘d’ meters. Determine the magnitude and direction of the electric field at the point
bisecting each side of the equilateral triangle. (8+8)
2. a) Define magnetic flux density and vector magnetic potential.
b) In free space D= 5.0 sin(ωt-βz) ax. Find B using Maxwell’s equations. (8+8)
3. a) Explain the equation of continuity for time varying fields.
b)Starting from first principle derive Maxwell’s equation using Faraday’s law and show
that div B=0 (8+8)
4. a) Prove that in a uniform plane wave propagation in X-direction has no longitudinal
components of electric and magnetic fields.
b)Obtain the expression for surface impedance of conductor in terms of skin depth(8+8)
5. a)Define reflection and transmission coefficient of plane wave.
b) A plane wave travelling in free space has an average poynting vector of 5 watts/m2
Find the average energy density. (8+8)
6. What are the field components for TE waves .Derive them and draw the sketches for
TE10 mode. (16)
7. a) List out types of transmission lines and draw their schematic diagrams.
b) Determine the reflection coefficient when i) ZL =Z0 ii) Z L =Short circuit
iii) ZL= open circuit. Also find out the magnitude of reflection coefficient when ZL is
purely reactive. (8+8)
8. Write a detailed note on double stub matching on a line using smith chart (16)
SET - 4
Code No: 3220404


******
1. a) Explain the following terms.

i) Homogeneous and isotropic medium and
ii) Line, surface and volume charge distributions
b)What is the electric field intensity at a distance of 20cm from a charge of 0.2 micro
coulombs in a vacuum (8+8)
2. a) Define Lorentz force equation and explain its significance.
b) A circular loop of 3 units radius is centered at the origin in z=0 plane and carries a D.C
current of 10 mA, along φ direction. Find the magnetic flux density at (0, 0, ± 4). (8+8)
3. a) Derive Maxwell’s equations in integral form and differential form for time varying
fields.
b) Two magnetic materials with relative permeabilities 500 and 300 are separated by a
plane boundary . The magnetic field in the first material makes an angle of 30 degrees
with a normal to the plane boundary. Find the corresponding angle in the second material.
(8+8)
4. a) What is meant by polarization of a wave? Explain.
b) Derive the expression for attenuation and phase constants of uniform plane wave
(8+8)
5. a) Define the significance and applications of poynting theorem.
b) Explain the utility of pointing vector. If the peak pointing vector in free space is
10N/m2, find the amplitudes of electric and magnetic fields. (8+8)
6. a) Starting from Maxwell’s equations, derive the expressions for the E and H field
components for TE waves in a parallel plane wave guide.
b)Define and explain the significance of following terms i) wave impedence ii) Phase and
group velocities. (8+8)
SET - 4
Code No: 3220404
7. a) What are primary constants? Explain the features of primary constants.

b) Find the characteristic impedance of a line at 1600Hz, if the following measurements
have been made on the at 1600 Hz, Zoc = 650Ω and Zsc= 550Ω (8+8)
8. a) A lossless line of 300Ω is terminated by a load of ZR. If the VSWR at 200 MHz is 4.48
and the first Vmin is located at 6 cm from the load, Calculate the reflection coefficient and
ZR .
b) Derive a relation between reflection coefficient and characteristic impedance. (8+8)
SET - 1
Code No: 3220504

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION
(Common to C.S.E, I.T, E.C.C, I.C.E )

******
1. a) Name four main components of a computer and give their functions.

b) What is the difference between binary, BCD and Gray code.
c) Show that the exclusive-OR function X=A⊕B⊕C is an even function
2. a) Draw the circuit diagram of a bus system for four registers by using
Tri-state buffers.
b) Describe the addressing mode that do not need address field at all and addressing
mode s that uses content of PC for calculating effective address.
3. a) Define the following
i) Micro operation ii) Micro instruction iii) Macro program
iv) Macro code
b) Give the circuit diagram for a micro program sequence for a control
memory
4. a) Derive an algorithm in flowchart form for fixed point binary division.
b) Give the flowchart for decimal multiplication.
5. a) Give the relative merits and demerits of three different mapping Processes for
cache organization.
b) Name some specific features of memory design that lead to superior
Performance.
c) Describe LRU algorithm for page replacement.
6. a) What is the purpose of an interface between the processor bus and peripheral
devices and what are the major differences between CPU and I/O characteristics that
are to be taken care of by the interface.
b) Describe asynchronous data transfer using handshaking.
c) Give the features of RS-232.
SET - 1
Code No: 3220504
7. a) Describe a 4- segment pipeline for floating point addition and subtraction of two
binary numbers.
b) Describe Flynn’s classification of computer system.
c) Differentiate between arithmetic pipeline and instruction pipeline.
d) Name some pipeline conflicts. (6+4+3+3)
8. Write short notes on any two of the following.
a) Inter process arbitration b) Instruction pipeline c) ROMs.
SET - 2
Code No: 3220504

(Common to C.S.E, I.T, E.C.C, I.C.E)

******
1. a) How many different patterns could be stored in a 8-bit register? What is the largest
value that could be stored?
b) Describe an error detection circuit for transmission of a 3-bit message using odd
parity bit.
2. a) Give the circuit diagram of a 4-bit binary adder-subtractor.
b) Give the characteristics of RISC.
3. a) Explain the difference between hardwired control and micro
programmed control.
b) What is the address sequencing capabilities required in a control memory?
c) Give the block diagram of a control memory and associated hardware needed for
selecting the next microinstruction address. (4+4+8)
4. a) With the help of a block diagram, explain how single digit decimal
numbers are added.
b) Multiply the following two numbers using Booth algorithm. (-7)x(3) Show the step
by step multiplication process.
5. a) Explain direct mapping scheme for transformation of data from main memory to
cache memory.
b) How to access data on a disk memory?
c) Describe different Read Only Memories and differentiate among them.
6. a) What are the three modes of data transfer to and from I/O devices?
What are the merits and demerits?
b) Describe PCI bus structure.
SET - 2
Code No: 3220504
7. a) Draw space-time diagram for a 4-segment pipeline showing the time it takes to
process tasks.
b) A non pipeline system takes 50ns to process a task. The same task can be
processed in a 6-segmented pipeline with clock cycle of 10ns. Determine the speed up
ratio of the pipeline for 100 tasks. What is the maximum speed up that can be
achieved?
a) Cache coherence b) Arithmetic pipeline c) DMA
SET - 3
Code No: 3220504


******
1. a) What is a stored program computer?

b) Describe a single bus structure with a suitable diagram.
c) How many different patterns could be stored in a 8-bit register? What is the largest
value that could be stored as a two’s complement signed integer in such a register?
What is the smallest value? How about the largest and smallest values that could be
stored as unsigned integers?
2. a) Draw the circuit diagram of a bus system for four registers using
multiplexers.
b) With the help of a truth table, design a full adder circuit using a suitable diagram.
3. a) Explain how the mapping from instruction code to a micro-
instruction address can be done.
b) Give the general configuration of a macro programmed control unit and explain it.
4. a) Give the Booth’s algorithm for multiplication of signed 2’s
complement numbers.
b) With the help of a block diagram, explain the working of a BCD adder.
5. a) What is the difference between static and dynamic memory calls? Which of these
calls can be non destructively read out? Which technology has higher density? Which
of these is faster?
b) What is refreshing? Which type of memory needs refreshing? How is
refreshing done?
c) Differentiate between synchronous and asynchronous DRAMs. (6+6+4)
6. a) Differentiate between isolated and memory mapped I/O.
b) Describe asynchronous serial transfer between two units.
c) Describe the daisy chaining priority arrangement.
SET - 3
Code No: 3220504
7. a) Give the general structure of a four segment pipeline and explain its
operation. What is the speed up of this pipeline?
b) What are the different ways of handling branch instructions? Explain.
a) Inter process communication in multiprocessors
b) Interrupt driven data transfer c) Addressing modes
SET - 4
Code No: 3220504


******
1. a) Describe the functional units and components that are used for
understanding of computer organization.
b) Describe the 2’s complement subtraction and explain detection of overflow
condition.
2. a) Describe the logic circuit, with suitable diagram that generates the four basic logic
micro operations: AND, OR, XOR and Complement.
b) Name at least 4 memory instructions and give the micro operations
needed to execute each of these instructions. (8+8)
3. a) Give the relative merits and demerits of micro programmed control
over hardwired control.
b) Give the 10- bit micro instruction format for control memory.
c) Differentiate between dynamic micro programming and static micro
program. Give their relative advantages and disadvantages. (5+5+6)
4. a) Show that there can no mantissa overflow after multiplication operation.
b) Prove that the multiplication of two n digit numbers gives a product no more than
2n digits in length.
c) What are the steps involved in addition / subtraction of two floating-point
numbers? Explain the operation through a flow chart.
5. a) What is memory interleaving? Describe two different memory
interleaving schemes?
b) Describe the memory mapping from virtual address to physical address in a
virtual memory organization.
c) Describe set associative mapping technique of cache memory
organization.
SET - 4
Code No: 3220504
6. a) Describe asynchronous data transfer using strobe control.

b) Describe DMA transfer scheme.
7. a) What are the advantages of pipelines? Name three major differences that cause
instruction pipeline to deviate from its normal operation. Determine the number of
clock cycles that it takes to process 200 tasks in a six segment pipeline
b) What are the applications of vector processing?
8. Write short notes on any two of the following
a) Shared memory multiprocessors b) RAMs c) Booth algorithm
SET - 1
Code No: 3220804

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
( Chemical Engineering )

******
1. Explain Inductive and Electromeric effect with suitable examples. [16]

2. (a) write the mechanism of the following [5+5]
i) Riemer-Teimenn reaction ii) Beckmann rearrangement
b) Write short note on electrophilic reactions [6]
3. Write the mechanism of the following [8+8]
a) Aldol-Condensation b) Benzoin condensation
4. Define the term Isomerism and explain any two types of Stereo isomerism with
suitable examples [16]
5. Explain the following [8+8]
a) Addition of alkene in presence of peroxide
b) Thermal halogenation of alkane
6. Write preparation, properties and uses of the following [4+4+4+4]
a) PVC b) Teflon c) Bakelite d) Polyethene
7. Explain preparation, properties and uses of Pyrrole, Pyridine and give the reason for
basic character between them. [16]
8. Write preparation and properties of the following [8+8]
a) Malachite green b) Floroscien
SET - 2
Code No: 3220804

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(Chemical Engineering)

******
1. Explain the following with suitable examples [8+8]

a) Resonance b) Hyper conjugation
2. a) Define the term electrophile and give some examples [6]
b) Write the mechanism of the following [5+5]
i) Friedel –Craft reaction ii) Rimer –Teimenn Reaction
a) Perkin Reaction b) Aldol – Condensation
4. Explain geometrical and conformational isomerism with suitable examples [16]
5. Explain the mechanism of halogenation of alkene and alylic halogenation using
NBS [16]
6. Write preparation, properties and uses of the following [4x4]
a) Nylon b) Teflon c) Bakelite d) Polyester
7. Write preparation, properties and uses of Quinoline and Pyrrole [16]
8. What is Dye? Write the preparation and properties of the following [8+8]
a) Rosaniline b) Congo red
*****
SET - 3
Code No: 3220804

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

******
1. Explain steric inhibition of resonance with suitable examples. [16]

2. (a) Write the mechanism of the following [5+5]
i) Riemer-Teimenn reaction ii) Friedel –Craft reaction
b) Write short note on nucleophilic reactions [6]
a) Aldol-Condensation b) Perkin reaction
4. a) Define the term Isomerism and explain Stereo isomerism with
suitable examples [8]
b) Write a note on Diastereomers [8]
5. Explain the following [8+8]
a) Addition of alkene in presence of peroxide
b) Thermal halogenation of alkane
6. Write preparation, properties and uses of the following [4x4]
a) PVC b) Teflon c) Bakelite d) Polyethene
7. Explain preparation, properties and uses of Pyrrole, Pyridine and give the reason for
basic character between them. [16]
8. Write preparation and properties of the following [8+8]
a) Malachite green b) Bismark brown
*****
SET - 4
Code No: 3220804

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

******
1. Explain the following with suitable examples [8+8]

a) Inductive effect b) Hyper conjugation
2. a) Define the term electrophile and give some examples
b) Write the mechanism of the following [8+8]
i) Friedel –Craft reaction ii) Rimer –Teimenn Reaction
3. b) Write the mechanism of the following [8+8]
i) Perkin Reaction ii) Aldol – Condensation
4. a) Explain optical isomerism in Lactic acid and Tartaric acid [8]
b) Write the sequence rules in isomerism with examples [8]
5. Explain the mechanism of halogenation of alkene and alylic halogenation using
NBS [16]
6. a) what is vulcanization of Rubber? Explain compounding of rubber
b) Write the preparation, properties and uses of the following [8+8]
i) Thiokol ii) Polyurethene rubber
7. Write preparation, properties and uses of Furan and Thiophene [16]
8. What is Dye? Write the preparation and properties of the following [8+8]
a) Rosaniline b) Floroscien
*****
LINEAR IC APPLICATIONS
(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Broadly classify the integrated circuits for a wide range of applications.
(b) Derive the output voltage of an op - amp based differential amplifier. [6+10]
2. (a) Compare and contrast the performance of a BJT based op - amp and FET op
- amp in detail.
(b) Define the terms: Input bias current, input offset voltage, Gain Bandwidth
product, output offset voltage and output offset current. [6+10]
3. (a) Design a differentiator to differentiate an input signal that varies in frequency

from 10 Hz to about 1KHz. If a sine wave of 1V peak at 1000 Hz is applied
to this differentiator draw the output waveforms.
(b) Why active differentiator circuits are not used in analog computer to solve
differential equations. [10+6]
4. Design and explain a saw tooth waveform generator using operational amplifier
and plot the waveforms for the given specifications frequency = 5kHz, Vsat = ±12
Volts. [16]
5. (a) For the all pass filter, determine the phase shift φ between the input and output
at f = 2kHz. To obtain a phase shift φ , what modifications are necessary in
the circuit?
(b) Derive the expression for the transfer function of 2nd order High pass filter.
[8+8]
6. (a) Give the functional block diagram of NE 565 PLL (DIP) and for the given
components values. C1 = 390PF, C2 = 680PF and R1 = 10k, Vcc = ±6V Find
i. The free running frequency
ii. The lock range and capture range
Where C1 is capacitor connected between pin number 9 and -Vcc , C2 is the ca-
pacitor connected between +Vcc and ouput pin 7, and R1 is connected between
pin number 8 and +Vcc .
(b) Give the functional block diagram of VCO NE 565 and explain its working
and necessary expression for free running or center frequency. [8+8]
7. (a) Describe the transfer characteristic of a Digital to Analog Converter.

(b) Performance specifications of a Digital to Analog converter.
(c) Mention the different types of Analog to digital converters. [4+8+4]
1 of 2
8. (a) How JFET can be used as shunt and series analog switch? Explain with
diagrams.
(b) Calculate the change in the output voltage if input changes by 5 V with feed
through rejection ratio (FRR) for sample and hold circuit is 80 dB.
(c) What are the applications and advantages of sample and hold circuits.[6+4+6]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
2 of 2
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Why the level translator is called as an emitter follower and explain its oper-
ation.
(b) Obtain differential mode gain of different configurations of differential ampli-
fier using ac equivalent circuit. [8+8]
2. (a) What is the major difference between the power supply requirements of linear
and digital Ics
(b) Explain the Pole - Zero and Dominant pole compensation techniques for an
op - amp. [6+10]
3. (a) Explain how an op - amp can be used as summing amplifier? Draw the diagram
of a four input summer and obtain the expression for the output.
(b) The circuit of a inverting summing amplifier is designed with R1 = R’ =1Kohm,
and R2 = 2R1 , R3 = 2R2 ,Rn = 2Rn-1 , the input voltages v1 ,v2 ,vn can be 0 to
10V.
i. For n = 4, what is the smallest output voltage if at least one input is
nonzero?
ii. For n = 4, what is the maximum output voltage? [8+8]
4. (a) Design a logarithmic amplifier for positive input voltages in the range 5mV to
50V.
(b) With suitable circuit diagram explain the operation of a triangular wave gen-
erator using a comparator and a integrator. [8+8]
5. (a) What are the advantages of active filters over passive ones?
(b) Design a second order low pass Butterworth filter for a cut off frequency of 2
kHz. Assume necessary data.
(c) What is an all pass filter? Draw the circuit of the filters. [4+6+6]
6. (a) Draw and explain the functional diagram of a 555 timer.

(b) Explain the function of ‘reset’ pin. [12+4]
7. (a) In which type of Analog to Digital converter, a Digital to Analog converter is

used? Explain its operation in detail.
(b) List important specifications o Analog to Digital converter and Digital to
Analog converters indicating their typical values. [8+8]
1 of 2
8. (a) Explain how multiplier can be used to modulate and demodulate an AM signal.
(b) What is meant by balanced modulator? Explain its function using neat dia-
gram. [8+8]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
2 of 2
Code No: 3221004 Set No.3
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Explain how large open circuit voltage gain of an op - amp can be obtained
by using cascading of differential amplifier stages.
(b) Explain ac analysis of differential amplifier. [8+8]
2. (a) What is the major difference between the power supply requirements of linear
and digital Ics
(b) Explain the Pole - Zero and Dominant pole compensation techniques for an
op - amp. [6+10]
3. (a) Draw the circuit diagram of a two input non-inverting type summing amplifier
and derive the expression for the output voltage.
(b) Briefly explain why negative feedback is desirable in amplifier applications.
(c) How does negative feedback affect the performance of an inverting amplifier?
[7+5+4]
4. (a) Design a logarithmic amplifier for positive input voltages in the range 5mV to
50V.
(b) With suitable circuit diagram explain the operation of a triangular wave gen-
erator using a comparator and a integrator. [8+8]
5. (a) Define Bessel, Butterworth and Chebysher filters, and compare their frequency
response.
(b) Sketch the circuit diagram of band elimination filter and design a wide band-
reject having fH =200Hz and fL =1KHz. Assume necessary data. [8+8]
6. List one application of the PLL and then briefly describe the role of the PLL in
that application. [16]
7. (a) Explain the operation of a multiplying DAC and mention its applications.
(b) A 12 - bit D to A converter has a full - scale range of 15Volts. Its maximum
differential linearity error is ± 1/ 2 LSB.
i. What is the percentage resolution?
ii. What are the minimum and maximum possible values of the increment in
its ouput voltage? [8+8]
8. (a) Explain the use of IC 1496 as AM modulator
1 of 2
(b) What is a sample and hold circuit? Draw the circuit diagram and explain its
action. [8+8]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
2 of 2
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Explain how large open circuit voltage gain of an op - amp can be obtained
by using cascading of differential amplifier stages.
(b) Explain ac analysis of differential amplifier. [8+8]
2. (a) Explain the effect of slew rate on both open loop and closed loop op - amp
circuits.
(b) What is the major difference between the power supply requirements of linear
and digital Ics.
(c) Draw and explain an ideal voltage transfer curve for an op - amp. [8+4+4]
3. (a) Derive the equations of input resistance, output resistance and closed loop
gain of the non - inverting amplifier.
(b) Explain the operation of differentiator and also explain the frequency response
of differentiator. [8+8]
4. (a) Explain the principle of operation of a precision full wave rectifier with wave-
forms.
(b) Give the expressions of pulse width and recovery time of a monostable multi-
vibrator using op - amp. [8+8]
5. (a) Define Bessel, Butterworth and Chebysher filters, and compare their frequency
response.
(b) Sketch the circuit diagram of band elimination filter and design a wide band-
reject having fH =200Hz and fL =1KHz. Assume necessary data. [8+8]
6. (a) Explain the operation of a zero crossing detector.

(b) Briefly mention the disadvantages of using zero crossing detector and how it
is overcome in Schmitt trigger. [8+8]
7. (a) Sketch and explain the transfer characteristic of a DAC with necessary equa-
tions.
(b) LSB of a 9 - bit DAC is represented by 19.6mv. If an input of 9 zero bits is
represented by 0 volts.
i. Find the output of the DAC for an input 10110 1101 and 01101 1011.
ii. What is the Full scale reading (FSR) of this DAC? [8+8]
8. (a) Draw the circuit diagram of sample and hold circuit and explain its working.
1 of 2
(b) Draw the circuit diagram IC 1496 balanced modulator circuit and explain its
operations. Sketch the output waveform for the square wave inputs with a
phase difference ‘φ’. [8+8]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
2 of 2
BASIC CLINICAL SCIENCES - I
(Bio-Medical Engineering)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) What is deioniser? How is it useful for treatment of city water?

(b) What is a cetate and bicorbonate dialysis? Discuss about the advantages and
disadvantages. [16]
2. Write a note on:
(a) Diseases of nervous system

(b) Diseases of muscle. [8+8]
3. (a) What is CSF?

(b) How is it produced and what is CSF pressure moritoring. [16]
4. Sketch and explain the Cardiac Cycle. [16]
5. Describe the construction and working of dc synchronized defibrillator. [16]
6. (a) Explain the operation of DC defibrillators

(b) Discuss about the different types of waveforms used in defibrilators. [8+8]
7. Explain the principle of operation of pulse oxymeter. [16]
8. (a) Write a note on : Endoscopes.

(b) Discuss about the various types of Stomach Wash Tubes. [8+8]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. Explain the process of Chronic Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis. [16]
2. (a) Give few clinical applications of EEG measurements.

(b) Write a brief note on: Neuropathy. [8+8]
3. (a) Briefly describe F-response.

(b) What is meant by visual evoled potentials and describe how it can be re corded.
[16]
4. Sketch and explain the operation of Heart-Lung Machine. [16]
5. (a) Distinguish between external and internal pacing.

(b) What is meant by demand pacing. [8+8]
6. (a) Discuss the applications of Ultrasound in Medicine.

(b) Compare Ultrasonic Diagnosis with X-Ray Diagnosis. [8+8]
7. Write a short notes on :
(a) Electric cautery apparatus

(b) Cold light sources. [16]
8. Write about different endoscopes used in gesteo enterology. [16]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. Discuss about the various monitoring devices required, in a dialysis machine. [16]
2. What is Myestheria glaris? Write clinical features of the disease and how it is
diagnosed. [16]
3. What are the Muscle diseases? and What are the clinical features and how they
are diagnosed? [16]
4. Sketch and explain the operation of Heart-Lung Machine. [16]
5. With a neat block diagram explain the operation of demand pacemaker. [16]
6. (a) Write about the differences between Treedmill × Bicycle Ergonmeter.

(b) What are the necessary conditions for stress testing. [16]
7. (a) Specify the instruments used for Open Heart Surgery.

(b) What do you mean by I.C.C.U and explain. [8+8]
8. (a) What are the functions of G.I.Tract.

(b) What do you mean by Parenteral Thereapy?
(c) Define Biopsy. [8+4+4]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. What are the different types of artificial kidneys draw a neat sketch of artificial
kidney and label different parts. [16]
2. What are inverive investigations used in Neurological disorders. [16]
3. Write a short note on: [16]
(a) Motor Neuron Disorders

(b) Study of Reflexes
4. Draw the schematic diagram of the Heart Lung mechine and explain its working.
[16]
5. With a neat ECG wave form explain the various events that occur at different
stages. [16]
6. (a) List out the diagnostic applications of ultrasound scanner.

(b) Explain the principle of operation of ultrasound scanner. [8+8]
7. (a) Write a note on : Laproscopy.

(b) Explain about the Pre-Operative Preparative Process. [8+8]
8. (a) List out the clinical significant symptoms of GI Tract.

(b) How one can estimate the Height and Weight of an individual? [8+8]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
SET - 1
Code No: 3222104

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
(Aeronautical Engineering)

******
1. (a) Explain Ohm’s law, KCL and KVL with suitable examples.
(b) For the circuit shown in Fig. 1(b), determine the current I and source voltage V.
[8+8]
2
2Ω
I 2Ω 4A
V +- 2Ω 2Ω 6A
Fig. 1(b)
2. Explain the types of DC generators with the help of diagrams and write their
applications. [16]
3. A 300KVA, 11000/440V, 50 Hz, 1-Phase transformer gave the following results from
OC and SC tests. [16]
OC test (L.V Side) 120V 21.1A 1.3KW

SC test (HV side) 600V 15A 2.8KW
From the above table calculate the efficiency and regulation for full load at 0.8 p.f
lagging.
4. (a) Deduce the relation between the number of poles, the frequency, and the speed of
the alternator.
(b) State the advantages and disadvantages of using short pitched and distributed
windings in alternators.
(c) The effective resistance of a 200V, 50Hz, 440 kVA, 1-phase, and alternator is 0.5
ohm. On short circuit, a field current of 40 A gives the full load current of 200 A. The
electromotive force on open-circuits with same field excitation is 1160V. Calculate the
synchronous impedance and reactance. [5+5+6]
SET - 1
Code No: 3222104
5. (a) Explain the requirements of indicating instruments.

(b) Moving coil instrument gives full scale deflection with 15 mA and has a resistance
of 5 ohms. Calculate the resistance of the necessary components in order that the
instrument may be used as
i. a 2A- Ammeter
ii. a 100 V- Voltmeter. [8+8]
6. (a) Explain the operation of a center-tap full-wave rectifier with input and output
waveforms.
(b) In a center-tap circuit having input voltage 230V using step down transformer
having turns ratio 3:1, the diodes are assumed to be ideal. Find
i. dc output voltage
ii. peak inverse voltage
iii. rectifier efficiency. [8+8]
7. (a) Explain input and output characteristics of CE configuration with necessary
diagrams.
(b) Explain transistor as an amplifier with a neat circuit diagram. [8+8]
8. (a) Explain the electrostatic deflection system in a CRT with suitable diagram.
(b) Derive the expression for deflection sensitivity. [8+8]
SET - 2
Code No: 3222104


******
1. (a) Explain about series circuits and parallel circuits with examples.
(b) Three resistors R1, R2 and R3 are connected in series with a constant voltage source
of ‘V’ volts. The voltage across R1 is 4V, power loss in R2 is 16W and the value of R3
is 6. If the current flowing through the circuit is 2A, find the source voltage ‘V’.
[8+8]
2. (a) Derive the expression of induced emf of dc generator.
(b) An 8 pole lap wound dc generator has 960 conductors, a flux of 40 milliwebers and
is driven at 400 rpm. Find induced emf. [8+8]
3. (a) Explain the working principle and operation of Transformer.
(b) The voltage ratio of a single-phase, 50 Hz, transformer is 5000/500 V at no load.
Calculate the number of turns in each winging if the maximum flux in the core is 7.82
milliwebers. [8+8]
4. (a) Explain the construction of Induction Motor.
(b) An 8 pole, 3-Φ alternator is coupled to a prime mover running at 750 rpm. It
supplies an induction motor which has a full load speed of 960 rpm. Find the number of
poles of induction motor and slip. [8+8]
5. (a) Give the constructional details and working of any one type of Moving Iron
instrument.
(b) What are the different types of torques required in the operating of indicating
instruments?
(c) List the different types of instruments used for making voltmeters and ammeters.
[6+4+6]
6. (a) What are the principle features of a bridge rectifier. Explain its operation with neat
circuit diagram.
(b) Draw the equivalent circuits of
i. ideal diode
ii. Simplified model of diode.
iii. piece wise linear model of diode.
Draw their characteristics. [8+8]
SET - 2
Code No: 3222104
7. (a) Sketch the input and output characteristics of CB configuration for an n-p-n
transistor and explain the shape of the curves qualitatively.
(b) Explain the working of a SCR when
i. gate is open
ii. gate is positive with respect to cathode. [8+8]
8. (a) Explain the measurement of frequency by
i. using signal waveform
ii. using lissajous figures
(b) An electrostatic cathode ray tube has a final anode voltage of 600V. The deflection
plates are 5cm long and 1cm apart. The screen is at a distance of 20cm from the centre
of plates. A voltage of 30V is applied to the deflection plates. Calculate [8+8]
i. velocity of electron on reaching the field
ii. acceleration due to deflection field.
iii. deflection produced on the screen in cm and
iv. deflection sensitivity in cm/volt.
SET - 3
Code No: 3222104


******
1. Calculate the following for the circuit shown in Fg. 1.
3Ω
4Ω
12 Ω 12 Ω 6Ω
100 V
Fig. 1
(i) Total Resistance offered to the source
(ii) Current through each element
(iii) Power supplied by the source
2. Draw a detailed sketch of a dc machine and identify the different parts in it. Briefly
explain the function of each part. [16]
3. (a) Explain the principle of working of 1-Φ transformer on no-load conditions. Also
explain the nature of no-load current.
(b) Explain how the equivalent circuit parameters can be obtained from open circuit and
short circuit tests. [8+8]
4. (a) A 6 pole induction motor is fed by three phase 50 Hz supply and running with a
full load slip of 3%. Find the full load speed of induction motor and also the frequency
of rotor emf.
(b) Draw the slip-Torque characteristics of an Induction Motor. Explain it clearly. [8+8]
5. (a) How can the range of Moving Iron voltmeter be extended?
(b) A 20V Moving Iron voltmeter has a resistance of 300Ω and an inductance of 0.12
H. Assume that voltmeter reads correctly on dc. What will be the percentage error when
the instrument is placed on 15V ac supply at 100Hz. [8+8]
6. (a) Draw the V-I characteristics of p-n diode and explain.
(b) Draw the circuit diagram of full wave rectifier having two diodes and explain its
operation.
(c) Explain how p-n junction diode act as a rectifier. [4+8+4]
SET - 3
Code No: 3222104
7. (a) How does the CE configuration provide the large power gain when compared to that
of other configurations? Explain suitably.
(b) Explain SCR as a half wave rectifier with the help of mathematical analysis. [8+8]
8. (a) Draw the block diagram of a CRO.
(b) Explain the measurement of phase angle between two alternating voltages with the
help of a neat sketch. [8+8]
SET - 4
Code No: 3222104


******
1. (a) What is meant by EMF of a source?

(b) Distinguish between ideal and practical voltage source? Give examples?
(c) Distinguish between ideal and practical current sources? Give example?
(d) The internal resistance of a 12 V battery is 0.9 ohms. What will be its terminal
voltage when the current drawn from the battery is 2 A? [4+4+4+4]
2. (a) Discuss the classification of d.c generators with suitable diagrams, and give the
practical applications of each generator.
(b) A 10Kw shunt generator supplies load at a terminal voltage of 200 volts. The shunt
field resistance is 100 ohms and armature resistance is 0.1 ohm. Calculate the e.m.f
induced in the generator. [8+8]
3. (a) Why is the core of the transformer laminated?
(b) What are the various losses in a transformer?
(c) A single phase 50HZ transformer has 100 turns on the primary and 400 turns on the
secondary. The cross sectional area of the core is 250 cm2. The primary winding is
connected to 230 volts. Determine
i. E.M.F induced in the secondary winding.
ii. The maximum value of the flux density in the core [4+4+8]
4. Explain with the help of suitable diagrams how rotating magnetic field is produced in a
three phase induction motor. [16]
5. With a neat sketch explain the construction and working principle of moving iron (M.I)
type instrument. Write down the torque equation. [16]
6. (a) Derive the expression for efficiency of a full-wave rectifier.
(b) A full wave rectifier using two diodes, the internal resistance of diode is 20Ω. The
transformer rms secondary voltage from center-tap to each end of secondary is 50V and
load resistance is 1k Ω, Find (i) Idc and (ii) Irms [8+8]
SET - 4
Code No: 3222104
7. (a) Explain the operation of a NPN transistor.

(b) Draw transistor in CB configuration and explain its operation. Also draw the input
and output characteristics. [8+8]
8. (a) Explain magnetic deflection system employed for deflecting the beam in CRO.
Derive the expression for magnetic deflection sensitivity.
(b) Draw the block diagram of CRO and explain the function of each block. [8+8]
SET - 1
Code No: 3222304

ENGINEERING PHYSICS
( Bio-Technology )

******
1 a) State the principle of superposition of waves?

b) Explain the Young’s double slit experiment on the interference of light and
derive an expression for the band width of the interference pattern.
c) A plane wave of λ = 5000 AU falls normally on a long narrow slit of width
0.5mm. Compute the angles of diffraction for the first three minima.
2 a) How are ultrasonic waves produced?

b) Describe ultrasonic systems and methods used in Non-Destructive Testing.
3 a) What is ferromagnetism? What are the distinguishing features of

ferromagnetism.
b) What are Ferrites? Explain their magnetic properties and mention their
industrial applications.
4 a) Explain the significance of Miller Indices.

b) Derive an expression for the lattice constant in terms of inter-planar spacing in
orthogonal crystal systems.
5 a) Explain the need of a cavity resonator in a laser.

b) With the help of suitable diagrams, explain the principle, construction and
working of a Ruby laser.
6 a) Explain the principle of an optical fiber.

b) Explain how the optical fibers are classified.
c) Calculate and angle of acceptance of a given optical fiber, if the refractive
indices of the core and the cladding are 1.563 and 1.498 respectively.
7 a) Explain Clausius-Mosotti relation in dielectrics subjected to static fields.

b) What is orientational polarization? Derive an expression for the mean dipole
moment when a polar material is subjected to an external field.
c) The relative dielectric constant of sulphur is 3.75 when measured at 270C.
Assuming the internal field constant γ = 1/3 calculate the electronic polarizability
of sulphur if its density at this temperature is 2050 kg/m3. The atomic weight of
sulphur being 32.
SET - 1
Code No: 3222304
8 a) Define specific heat of a solid and thermal capacity of a body with S.I. units.
b) Explain the specific features of Einstein model of a solid and derive an
expression for the lattice specific heat of a solid using that model.
c) The specific heat at constant volume of a solid at very low temperatures varies
with absolute temperature according to the relation CV = BT3, where B is a c
constant, equal to 10-2 Jkg-1K-4. How much heat energy is needed to raise the
temperature of 10kg of substance from 0K to 20K?
SET - 2
Code No: 3222304

ENGINEERING PHYSICS
( Bio-Technology )

******
1 a) Explain the concept of Coherence.

b) Give an outline of the necessary theory of Newton’s rings and describe the
method of using Newton’s rings to measure the focal length of a curved lens
having large radius of curvature.
2 a) State the acoustic requirements of a good auditorium. Explain how these

requirements can be achieved.
b) Define and explain the Sabine’s formula involved in it and describe the units of
each of them. State the limitations of the formula.
c) A classroom has dimensions 20x15x5m3. The reverberation time is 3.5 sec.
Calculate the total absorption of its surfaces and the average absorption
coefficient.
3 a) Explain the Meissner effect. Give some important applications of

superconductors.
b) Discuss the parameters that destruct the superconductivity.
c) Calculate the critical current that flow through a long thin superconducting wire
of Aluminium of diameter 10-3 meter. The critical magnetic field for
Aluminium is 7.9x103amp/metre.
4 a) Show that FCC is the most closely packed of the three cubic structures by
working out the packing factors.
b) Describe the structure of NaCl.
5 a) Explain the purpose of an active medium of a gaseous laser.

b) With the help of suitable diagrams, explain the principle, construction and
working of a Helium-Neon laser.
6 a) Explain the terms ‘Numerical Aperture’ and ‘Acceptance Angle’.

b) With the help of a suitable diagram explain the principle, construction and
working of an optical fiber as a waveguide.
c) An optical fiber has a core material of refractive index of 1.55 and cladding
material of refractive index 1.5. The light is launched into it in air. Calculate its
numerical aperture.
SET - 2
Code No: 3222304
7 a) What is Piezo-electricity?
b) Obtain an expression for the internal field in a solid dielectric subjected to an
external field.
c) The dielectric constant of He gas at NTP is 1.000648. Calculate the electronic
polarizability of He atoms if the gas contains 2.7 x 1025 atoms per m3.
8 a) Explain how nano materials are fabricated by Up-Down methodology.
b) Explain the physical and chemical properties of nano materials.
c) Give a few applications of nano materials.
SET - 3
Code No: 3222304

ENGINEERING PHYSICS
( Bio-Technology )

******
1 a) What are Fraunhofer and Fresnel’s concepts of diffraction?

b) Describe the theory of Fraunhofer diffraction at a single slit.
c) A plane beam of light (λ = 5x10-5cm) is incident normally on a long narrow slit
of width 0.2mm. A screen is placed at a distance of 3m from the slit. Find the
width of the central maximum taking the diffraction as that of Fraunhofer type.
2 a) What are the various steps involved in any NDT by using ultrasonic waves?
b) Discuss the different ultrasonic testing methods. Explain any one of them in
detail.
c) In the ultrasonic Doppler flow meter, the direction of blood flow is along the
direction of ultrasonic beam. Frequency of ultrasonic waves is equal to 2MHz.
the velocity of ultrasonic wave in blood is 1500ms-1. If the Doppler shift in
frequency is 267Hz, calculate the velocity of blood flow.
3 a) Define magnetic moment. Explain the origin of magnetic moment at the atomic
level. What is a Bohr Magneton?
b) In hydrogen atom an electron ‘e’ revolves around the nucleus at a distance of
‘r’ meter with a n angular velocity ‘ω’ rad/s. Obtain expression for magnetic
moment associated with it due to its orbital motion.
4 a) Derive Bragg’s law of X-ray diffraction

b) Decribe Lau’s method for determination of crystal structure.
c) A beam of X-rays is incident on a NaCl crystal with lattice spacing 0.282 nm.
Calculate the wavelength of X-rays if the first order Bragg reflection takes
place at a glancing angle of 8035’. Also calculate the maximum order of
diffraction possible.
5 a) What do you understand by population inversion? How it is achieved?

b) Derive the relation between the probabilities of spontaneous emission and
stimulated in terms of Einstein coefficients.
6 a) Explain the principle of Holography.

b) What are the distinguishing characteristics of Holograms.
SET - 3
Code No: 3222304
7 a) What are phonons? What information can be obtained by studying the phonon
spectrum of solids?
b) Obtain the expression for Debye’s frequency to estimate the specific heats of
solids.
8 a) Describe the process of Nano lithography.

b) How nano materials are prepared by sol-gel process.
SET - 4
Code No: 3222304

ENGINEERING PHYSICS
( Bio-Technology )

******
1 Derive an expression for the intensity pattern due to the Fraunhofer diffraction
at a single slit.
2 Write in detail how ultrasonic waves are used Non Destructive Testing.
3 a) What is Bohr magnetron and derive an expression for it in terms of orbital

angular momentum of an electron
b) Briefly discuss the occurrence of superconductivity with the help of Feynmann
diagrams as cooper pairs interact with lattice through phonons.
4 a) What is primitive cell and explain whether FCC and BCC are of primitive type
or not?
b) Describe Powder diffraction method for the determination of lattice parameters
in a crystal.
5 Describe stimulated emission and derive expressions for Einstein’s transitions

coefficient.
6 a) Derive an expression for the acceptance angle for an optical fibre.

b) Write briefly the process of recording and reconstructions involved with
holography
7 Derive an expression for the specific heat of solids following the Einstein’s model
and discuss its limitations.
8 Describe the concept of Self Assembly and detail any four methods of
Characterization of nano-materials.

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2. Water flows at a steady and uniform depth of 2 m in an open channel of rectangular

3. Prove that the resistance F of a sphere of diameter d moving at a constant speed

5. A Francis turbine having an overall efficiency of 75% is required to give 200kw

(a) Guide blade angle at inlet

8. The load on a hydel plant varies from a minimum of 10,000kW to a maximum of

(a) Total installed capacity of the plant

3. Assuming that the viscous force F exerted by a fluid on a sphere of diameter D

6. (a) A hydraulic turbine develops 120 KW under a head of 10 m at a speed of

2. Water flows at a steady and uniform depth of 2 m in an open channel of rectangular

4. A jet of water having a velocity of 60m/sec is deflected by a vane moving at 25m/sec

(a) The wheel diameter and

8. The load on a hydel plant varies from a minimum of 10,000kW to a maximum of

(a) Total installed capacity of the plant

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations April/May 2009

Answer any FIVE questions.

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations April/May 2009

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. (a) Derive the e.m.f equation of a 1 – phase transformer.

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations April/May 2009

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. a) Explain the Principle of operation of of single phase transformer.

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations April/May 2009

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. a) Obtain e.f.m. equation of a transformer from the fundamentals.

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations April/May 2009

Answer any FIVE questions.

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations April/May 2009

Answer any FIVE questions.

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations April/May 2009

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. (a) What is the difference between dynamic viscosity and kinematic

7. (a) How will you classify the reciprocating pumps?

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations April/May 2009

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. (a) What is the difference between U-tube differential manometers and

7. What is a reciprocating pump? Describe the principle and working of reciprocating

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations April/May 2009

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. a) Derive Poisson’s and Laplace equations.

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations April/May 2009

Answer any FIVE questions.

7. a) Draw the equivalent circuit of a two wire transmission line.

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations April/May 2009

Answer any FIVE questions.

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations April/May 2009

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. a) Explain the following terms.

7. a) What are primary constants? Explain the features of primary constants.

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations April/May 2009

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. a) Name four main components of a computer and give their functions.

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations April/May 2009

Answer any FIVE questions.

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations April/May 2009

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. a) What is a stored program computer?

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations April/May 2009

Answer any FIVE questions.

6. a) Describe asynchronous data transfer using strobe control.

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations April/May 2009