Sie sind auf Seite 1von 1

648

CHAPTER 19 The First Law of Thermodynamics

19.41 .. When a system is Figure P19.41


taken from state a to state b in
p
Fig. P19.41 along the path acb,
c
b
90.0 J of heat ows into the system and 60.0 J of work is done
by the system. (a) How much
heat ows into the system along
path adb if the work done by the
a
d
system is 15.0 J? (b) When the
V
system is returned from b to a O
along the curved path, the
absolute value of the work done by the system is 35.0 J. Does the
system absorb or liberate heat? How much heat? (c) If Ua = 0 and
Ud = 8.0 J, nd the heat absorbed in the processes ad and db.
19.42 . A thermodynamic system is taken from state a to state Figure P19.42
c in Fig. P19.42 along either
p
path abc or path adc. Along path
c
b
abc, the work W done by the
system is 450 J. Along path adc,
W is 120 J. The internal energies
a
d
of each of the four states shown
in the gure are Ua = 150 J,
V
O
Ub = 240 J, Uc = 680 J, and
Ud = 330 J. Calculate the heat
ow Q for each of the four processes ab, bc, ad, and dc. In each
process, does the system absorb or liberate heat?
19.43 . A volume of air (assumed
to be an ideal gas) is rst cooled Figure P19.43
without changing its volume and
p (Pa)
then expanded without changing
a
5
its pressure, as shown by the path 3.0 3 10
abc in Fig. P19.43. (a) How does 2.0 3 105
the nal temperature of the gas
5
compare with its initial tempera- 1.0 3 10 b
c
ture? (b) How much heat does
V (m3)
O 0.02 0.04 0.06
the air exchange with its surroundings during the process
abc? Does the air absorb heat or release heat during this process?
Explain. (c) If the air instead expands from state a to state c by the
straight-line path shown, how much heat does it exchange with its
surroundings?
19.44 . Three moles of argon gas (assumed to be an ideal gas)
originally at a pressure of 1.50 * 10 4 Pa and a volume of
0.0280 m3 are rst heated and expanded at constant pressure to a
volume of 0.0435 m3, then heated at constant volume until the
pressure reaches 3.50 * 10 4 Pa, then cooled and compressed at
constant pressure until the volume is again 0.0280 m3, and nally
cooled at constant volume until the pressure drops to its original
value of 1.50 * 10 4 Pa. (a) Draw the pV-diagram for this cycle.
(b) Calculate the total work done by (or on) the gas during the
cycle. (c) Calculate the net heat exchanged with the surroundings.
Does the gas gain or lose heat overall?
19.45 .. Two moles of an ideal monatomic gas go through the
cycle abc. For the complete cycle, 800 J of heat ows out of the
gas. Process ab is at constant pressure, and process bc is at constant volume. States a and b have temperatures Ta = 200 K and
Tb = 300 K. (a) Sketch the pV-diagram for the cycle. (b) What is
the work W for the process ca?
19.46 .. Three moles of an ideal gas are taken around the cycle
acb shown in Fig. P19.46. For this gas, Cp = 29.1 J>mol # K.
Process ac is at constant pressure, process ba is at constant volume,

and process cb is adiabatic. The temperatures of the gas in states a,


c, and b are Ta = 300 K, Tc = 492 K, and Tb = 600 K. Calculate
the total work W for the cycle.
Figure P19.46

Figure P19.47
p 1atm2

p
b

2.0

c
0.50

V 1 L2

0.20

19.47 .. Figure P19.47 shows a pV-diagram for 0.0040 mole of


ideal H 2 gas. The temperature of the gas does not change during
segment bc. (a) What volume does this gas occupy at point c?
(b) Find the temperature of the gas at points a, b, and c. (c) How
much heat went into or out of the gas during segments ab, ca, and bc?
Indicate whether the heat has gone into or out of the gas. (d) Find
the change in the internal energy of this hydrogen during segments
ab, bc, and ca. Indicate whether the internal energy increased or
decreased during each of these segments.
19.48 .. The graph in Fig. Figure P19.48
P19.48 shows a pV-diagram
p 1 Pa 3 105 2
for 3.25 moles of ideal helium
(He) gas. Part ca of this
a
b
process is isothermal. (a) Find
the pressure of the He at point
a. (b) Find the temperature of
the He at points a, b, and c. (c)
2.0
c
How much heat entered or left
V 1 m3 2
the He during segments ab, bc,
O 0.010
0.040
and ca? In each segment, did
the heat enter or leave? (d) By how much did the internal energy of
the He change from a to b, from b to c, and from c to a? Indicate
whether this energy increased or decreased.
19.49 .. (a) One-third of a mole of He gas is taken along the path
abc shown as the solid line in Fig. P19.49. Assume that the gas
may be treated as ideal. How much heat is transferred into or out of
the gas? (b) If the gas instead went from state a to state c along the
horizontal dashed line in Fig. P19.49, how much heat would be
transferred into or out of the gas? (c) How does Q in part (b) compare with Q in part (a)? Explain.
Figure P19.49
p (Pa)
4 3 105

3 3 10

2 3 105
1 3 105
O

0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010

V (m3)

19.50 .. Two moles of helium are initially at a temperature of


27.0C and occupy a volume of 0.0300 m3. The helium rst

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen