Chemistry Midterm Part 2 Study Guide (Chapters 7-10)

Know what a chemical property is and what a chemical change is.

Know what a physical property and what a physical change is.
Know that a property is an ability or characteristic, and a change shows an action that is currently happening.
Know the law of conservation of mass and how it applies to knowing a chemical equation must always be
balanced to be correct.
Know the physical properties of metals and non-metals.
Know what an atomic number is and how it applies to the periodic table.
Know what regions of the periodic table have metals, non-metals, and metalloids (semi-metals).
Know that periods run horizontally on the periodic table and groups run vertically on the periodic table.
Know where the Noble gas group is located on the periodic table. (group 18)
Know what an isotope is and how to determine whether two atoms are isotopes of each other.
Know that the Noble Gases (group 18 elements) have full valence shells and generally do not react with other
elements.
Know that in a chemical equation, the reactants are on the left side of the equation and the products are on
the right side of the equation.
Know that a change in state of matter is physical because it is a change that does not change the substance.
Know how to count atoms in a chemical formula or chemical equation.
Know that an endothermic reaction absorbs (takes in) energy and an exothermic reaction releases energy.
Know the pH scale and the regions where a solution is considered an acid, base, or neutral.
Know that the further you get from 7 on the pH scale (up to 13 or down to 1), the stronger a solution gets.
Know that a 1 point change on the pH scale means a 10 times more or less strong solution.
Know that more hydronium ions will make an acid and more hydroxide ions will make a base.
Know that acids taste sour and turn blue litmus paper red.
Know that bases taste bitter and have a slippery feel and turn red litmus paper blue.
Know that acids and bases neutralize each other.
Know that carbon is central to the field of Organic Chemistry.
Know that carbon is important because of its ability to bond in so many different ways.
Know that carbon can form single, double or triple covalent bonds.
Know the six most common elements that make up all living things: nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
phosphorus, sulfur- N-CHOPS.
Know the four biomolecules- lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids
Know that the biomolecules are large molecules when compared to small molecules like water and salt.

***Try these practice problems!

An example of a chemical change is
.
a.
a magnet sticking to the refrigerator
b.
dew disappearing from the grass

c.
d.

In general, nonmetals are

.
a.
good conductors of electricity
b.
malleable and ductile

good conductors of heat

gases at room temperature

c.
d.

mashing potatoes
frying a hamburger

The ability of a pond to freeze over in winter is a

.
a.
physical property
c.
physical change
b.
chemical property
d.
chemical change

Three examples of physical change are

.
a.
boiling water, a nail rusting, a melting candle
b.
a pond freezing, breaking glass, a burning candle
c.
melting ice, mowing the lawn, carving a statue
d.
applying lipstick, making lemonade, baking bread

In Figure 1, the periodic table has been divided into three areas. Which kind of elements are found in the area labeled I?
a.
halogens
c.
nonmetals
b.
metals
d.
solids

Figure 8 shows Bohr models of two atoms. The models shown represent two different
a.
ions
c.
elements
b.
isotopes
d.
molecules
Which of the following is NOT a possible sign of a chemical change?
a.
a change in state
c.
the release of a gas
b.
a change in color
d.
the release of energy

What happens in an endothermic reaction?

a.
Energy is destroyed.
c.
Energy is created.
b.
Energy is released.
d.
Energy is taken in.
A basic solution has an increased number of
a.
hydronium ions.
c.
hydroxide ions.
b.
valence electrons.
d.
salts.
What allows carbon to form lots of different compounds?
a.
its color
c.
its bonding ability
b.
its size
d.
its melting point

Which type of molecule would be considered small when compared to others?

a.
Lipid
c.
Protein
b.
Carbohydrate d.
Salt