f

Europaisches P a t e n t a m t
(19)

European Patent Office

Publication number:

Office europeen des brevets

EUROPEAN

032

A2

PATENT

Application number: 81300082.5

APPLICATION

Int. CI*: C 11

B 3/14

Date of filing; 09.01.81

Priority: 10.01.80 US 110959

@ Date of publication of application:
22.07.81 Bulletin 81/29
Designated Contracting States:
BE DE FR GB IT NL

Processfor deodorizing edible oil.

<

M
O

This invention relates to an improved high temperature

oil deodorization process for optimum bland taste and flavor
maintenance. The process comprises a selective temperature control quenching step of the hot, freshly deodorized oil.
This step comprises selectively utilizing a cooling means to
quench hot, freshly deodorized oil down to a pumpable
bland flavor-stable processing temperature (PBFSPT) within
a selected time, preferably within a few seconds, so that the
hot deodorized oil can dwell dormant in an energy efficient
deodorization system. The oil can then be pumped through
heat interchangers without bland oil flavor degradation or
can be held at the PBFSP temperature for longer critical dormant times without flavor degradation.

Applicant: THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY

301 East Sixth Street
Cincinnati Ohio 45202IUS)
@ Inventor: Seguine, Edward Stephen
2135 Edinburg Lane
Fairfield Ohio 45014IUS)
Representative: Brooks, Maxim Courtney et al,
Procter & Gamble (NTC) Limited Whitley Road
Longbenton
Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE129TS(GB)

4 3 4

order

In
products,
The
is

of

flavor
bland
fats

the

for

was

middle

of

the

practiced

in

Europe

oils.

the

David

1900

of
also

oil

steps.

standpoint,
and

taste

smell
the

improves
is

product

ideally

The

was

quality

of

the

of

turn
in

the

steam

blowing
with

evacuation
products.

margarine

United

air

States,

process

this

of

The

efforts
that

the products

that

guarded

of

one
its

but

for

great

match

failed to
treated

were

is

system

high-temperature
patented,

was never

designed

which

contamination,

through

century,

steam-vacuum-deodorizer.

competitive

years

in

effectively

so

by

used

prerequisites

important

secrecy

fats

deodorization

century,

connection

Wesson,

avoided

treatments

last

the

to
in

of

improved

successfully

many

used

improvement

a greatly
the

Prior

blowing was

About

flavor

finished

The

edible

processing

senses

deodorization

product.

the

heated

steam

the

into

oil..

About
of

Since

linked,
the

certain

from a finished

important,

closely

taste

superior

undergo

deodorization.

are
a

must

they

most

build

to

in

the

the

Wesson

s y s t e m .
In

addition to

continuous

and

are

governed
Vernon

and

Industry

excellent
refining

continuous

The

developed.

by

batch

Raoult's

deodorizers

in

an

16,

Sept.
of

law

and

article
1978,

pp.

processing

modifying

oils

and

semi-

processes,

theoretical-aspects

Young

review
and

improved

later

were
of

steam stripping

Dalton's
published
692-703,

currently
fats.

law.
in

Chemistry

provides
in

use

for

an

High

of

amounts

large

deodorizing

to

refining

in

Am.

of

Oil

heat

oil takes
The

however,

is a

systems,

and

hot,

or is

pumped out

oil

is

where

systems

to

an object
oil

deodorized

It

is

systems
the

and

is

recovery

disclosure.

present

will

flavor

held

a.

taste

various

to

other

whereby

process
of

taste

deodorized

systems.
invention
in

dormant

hot,

to
freshly

in

optimum

present
high
bland

become

further

invention

present

deodorized
the

for

maintain

maintaining

objects

bland

of the

object

of

of

high

temperature deodorization

oil

to

the

dormant, dwells

to

invent

systems

bland

efficient

the

of

freshly

object

while

Other
of

said

in

heat

to

energy

high

another

Another
maximize

in

flavor

need

outgoing

deodorization

too

degrade

bland.

of bland

a method

provide

bland

in

degradation

prevent

at

than

utilized

is maintained
It

was

is

heat

or

taste,

the

(degradation),

held

from

12,

Sept.

modified

is

deodorizer

oils degrade
less

are

Thus, there
optimum

the

rubbery

which

flavors

of

Such

temperature.

oil

deodorized

freshly

art

i t s

vessel.

efficient

prior

in

which

and

regression

energy

particularly

where

scorched or

oil

in

oil

(Vol...50),

King,

process

et

reference

enclosed

an

drawback to

Gavin

1973

by

cold

recovery and

3, 607, 670,

incoming
bland

problem of

example,

heat

for

herein

place within

designed

reported by

Patent

U.S.

exchange between

hot

For

to a deodorization

relates

1971,

be

can

Soc., November

incorporated

Also,

entirety.

is

require

systems

energy.

oil

palm

Chemists

466A-472A,

pp.

save

they

modification

system

steam

but

energy,

for heat recovery

J.

deodorization

temperature

good

taste

and

oil.
invention

temperature

is

to

deodorization

deodorized

oil

flavor.

in

the

light

apparent

Brief
The

is

Figure

deodorizer

uous

Description
a

or the Drawing
schematic

pictorial

unit

in

which

this

of

contin-

invention

is

illustrated.
of

Summary
view

In
invention

(a)

at

said

temperature

hot,

to

means

pumpable

hot,

comprising
hot,

provide
oil

bland

the

present

said

a hot,

bland

flavor,

having
oil

a
bland

and
oil

deodorized

oil

deodorized

flavor-stable

to

cooling

utilizing

freshly

oil

from

outgoing

freshly

improvement

outgoing

steps of:

having

temperature;

temperature;

said

to

an

a storage
quench

the

deodorized

above

of

said

cooling

oil

freshly

flavor-stable

the

deodoriza-

vacuum

comprising

deodorized

temperature
(b)

oil

odoriferous constituents

a high

freshly

present

edible

utilizes a

which

process.

stripping
oil

the

need,

temperature

high

process
said

system,

Invention

above-stated

provides

deodorization
tion

the

of

the

to

processing

temperature.
Furthermore,
for

process
hot,

deodorized

freshly

system
to

utilizing heat

wherein the
cold

warm up

interchanger

hot

invention

and recovering

outgoing

said

in

oil

deodorized

undeodorized

means,

provides

process

in

energy

deodorization

oil

outgoing
oil

incoming

is

via

the

comprising

utilized

heat
steps

of:
(a)

said

deodorizing
of

about

425F

(b)

to

about

hot,

freshly

deodorized

ture

above a

hot

flavor-stable
utilizing

pumpable
about
dormant

340F
time

520F

to

oil

processing
cooling

outgoing

processing

at a

pumpable

deodorized

freshly

oil

incoming

depending
prior

to

tempera-

oil

outgoing

bland

temperature;
to

on

said

to

hot,
hot,

flavor-stable

bland
of

said

quench
oil

outgoing

temperature

said

provide

having

means
oil

temperature

from
the

cooling;

about

type
and

of

480F
oil

to

and

(c)

passing

said hot,

pumpable

through

said

heat

interchanger

said

cold

undeodorized

up
Detailed

invention

This

deodorization

oil,

vacuum

deodorization

(a)

at

of

flavor-stable
(b)

hot,

oil

high

oil
and

520F,

about

said

quenched
wherein

after

temperature

type

said
of

system

having
oil

utilizing

bland
and

oil

to

cooling
oil

deodorized

flavor-stable

at

30 mm

oil
being

of

to

processing

and

from

means

further
being
used.

wherein

about
oil

is

within

pumpable

425F

about 0.1

said

to

30

wherein

cooling

are

interdependent

processed

and

the

type

of

.
10

deodorization
and

temperature,

via

about

to

said

p r o c e s

340F,

cooled

seconds

mm o f

outgoing oil

about

further

to

pressure

flavor-stable

480F

quench,-and

said

about

absolute

bland

deodorized

freshly

from

of

deodorization

from

mercury

quenched

said
and

of

pumpable

of

to

hot,

a pressure

to said
said

said

temperature

interchanger

before

hot,
flavor,

deodorized

relates

with

quenching,

sing temperature

minutes

oil

temperature;

freshly
bland

bland

said

from

provide

outgoing

freshly

further

which operates

heat

(PBFSPT).

system

to

hot,

oil)

The invention

and

process

comprising

said

to

having

an

temperature,

temperature

is

comprising

constituents

above

storage

(outgoing

to

utilizes

deodorized

said

quench

pumpable

prior

temperature

process

oil

cooling

improvement

mercury

high

temperature

freshly

temperature

about

o i l .

incoming

process which

deodorized

said hot,

at

odoriferous

a high

freshly

to

warm

Invention

system, said

stripping
oil

means

to

to

means

of :

steps

the

the

relates

edible

the

of

Description

oil

outgoing

said

time

upon

the

deodorization

of

temperature
the

oil

outgoing

below

about

fraction
In

from

second

invention

preferably

(a.)

said

feeding

tion vacuum

column,

deodorization

oil

520F

about

by

oil

dropping into

about

of

this

of:
into a

deodorizaoil

at

446F

to

said incoming
of from

about

deodorizing

upper

deodorized

freshly

hot,

an

stripping steam

separate

said

column,

of

oil

super-heated

through

said

of

deodorizing

passing

temperature

steps

incoming

temperature

countercurrently
section

hot

and

490F,

process

the

comprises

oil

high

seconds.
the

embodiment,

a preferred

time

50

about

a pumpable

a quench

to

at

about

to

to

quenched

within

446F

of

460F

about

is

deodorized

is

the oil

Preferably,

reservoir

a separate lower

of

said

c o l u m n ;
utilizing

(b)

in

reservoir

said

column

be

to

(c)

to

as it

cooling

quench

below

about

erature

of

about a

fraction of
preferred

in

contact with

said

hot

into

said

the
a
it

hot,

oil

hot,

as

about

means

for

oil

has

another

oil

stripping

into

said

lower

oil

in

steam.

lower

said

oil

quench

time

50

to

oil-sealed

oil

oil

brought
oil.

mixed
oil

with

passes

Furthermore,
oil

outgoing

490F

about

reservoir,
of

temperature

embodiment,

oil-sealed

of

the

quenching

reservoir.

temp-

seconds.

outgoing

460F

freshly

pumpable

is directly

a maximum

hot,

deodorized

the hot

preferred

said

said

quenching

freshly

about

of from

quenching

outgoing

hot,

freshly deodorized

lower,

In

said

to

cooled

the

140F.
with

cooling

into

passes

said

of

to

lower, oil-sealed

temperature

for

in

within

second

quenching

outgoing

preferred

said

446E

said

the

Preferably,

passes

means

down

deodorized

is previously

conduit

the temperature

deodorized outgoing oil

The

oil-sealed

pumped;

utilizing

reservoir

as a

oil

deodorized outgoing
reservoir

lower

said separate

reservoir

pool
is

has
when

and
about
of

agitated

The

steam

deodorization

and

can

the

inlet

from

range

pressure

introduced

in

the

about

lieu

to

about

of

steam,

immediately

vaporized and

temperature

by

the

lower

other
the
On

hot

other

about
to

and

600F

makes

the

the

be

that the steam temperature

oil

steam
of

is unnecessary.
is

steam
the

when
of

cooler

temperature;

oil

from

temperature

460F

steam

this

for

it

and

because

it

does

purity

high

deodorized.
for

however,
conditions

of

the

process, such

oxidation and

cause

being

used,

or

the

hydrogen.
would

they

oils

the

in

under

as

to

pre-

oils

be

nitrogen

of

steam

made

the

can

however,

degradation

range

available

inert

are

as

unsuitable,

are

540F;

highly

injure

agents

which

example, gases

and. air

Oxygen

deodorization

Other

h o t t e r

510F.

is

is readily
not

the

temperature

about

Steam

agent.

as

and

preferred

to

of

of

reference is

specification

cools

temperature

440F

purpose

20F

about

the

any

excess

oil,

to

and

preferred

preferred

490F,

this

is

the

410F

about

the deodorization

as

ferred

from

in

unnecessary

about

preferred

about

to

ranges

Throughout

about

the

is within

about

the

oil

It

in

is

It

steam cools

from

broadly

it

and

within

Thus,

be

efficient.

less

steam.

temperature

high

would

column

temperature

oil,

be

contacts

water

even

can

deodorized

deodorization

steam at

can-scorch

use such

the hot

at

deodorization

the

to

c r i t i c a l ,

water

the water

deodorization

which

hand,

Water

since

not

point of

600F.
heated

the

materials

apparatus
the

of

portion

boiling

with

contact

is

temperature

being

deodorized.
The
can be

deodorization

any
such

ber,

Chemical

1963),

p-.

Engineering
No.

57,
(May
K.

E.

9,

to

Progress
54-58

1963),
Porter,

and

example,
Handbook

Engineers'

18-25

J.

18-53;

No.

54,

(September
62,

No. 1,

Chemistry

known

well

are

for

See,

and

se

per

its.components
cham-

vapor-liquid contacting

which

those
art.

engineering
eds.,

packed

type of
as

chamber

and

et

Perry

70-75
59,

Industry

1958),

(January

(January
182-89

ed.,

Chemical

al,

No. 5,

a l ,

4th

(McGraw-Hill,

1961),
59-67

H.

chemical

the

Eckert et

S.
1,

R.

in

76-82

1966);
(Feb.

and
4,

1967).

These references

packing

materials
edible

The

plant

this

of

process
or

esters

of

at

liquid
those

commonly

solid

under
of

ture

these

edible

the common

salad oil and

safflower,

oils.

coconut
to the
o

palm,

heat

oil

vegetable

oils

used

is

at
via

recovery
The
is

freshly

utilized
a heat
steps

of

and

lard,

production
peanut,
and

corn,

applicable

sunflower

bland

pumpable

s e e d

the

and

flavor-stable

on

the

type

the dormant

oil

times

the

bland

flavor-stable

temperature

heat
for

above

interchanger
of

process

the

hot

up

interchanger

about

this

edible

of

the

oil

outgoing
340F

for

heat

invention

oil

deodorized

in

said

energy

incoming

process

in

deodorization

outgoing oil

undeodorized

means,

of

and recovering

outgoing

cold

480F

means.

heat

utilizing

deodorized

about

of

range

used.

to warm

is
oil

via
the .

comprising

of:
(a)

of

about

for the

being

wherein

system

tempera-

(i.e.

particularly

interdependent

improved

designed

hot,

the

at

and

semi-

or

tallow,

system

Preferably,
pumped

solid

sunflower,

rapeseed,

deodorization

of

processed

deodorization

is

in-

are

cottonseed,

e.g.

temperature within
340F

being

liquid

is

of

processing
about

but

are

The selection

to

are

invention

of

temperature,

room

oils

efficient

which

"oils"

Preferred

The

the

by

substances

deodorization

soybean,

predominantly

which

shortenings,

of

triglycerides,

and

conditions,

520F).

various

called

"fats"

called

kinds

deodorized

e.g.

pressure

heat-bleaching and

350F to

of

acids,

commonly

atmospheric

be

consist

which

various

include

fatty

those

can

invention
origin

both

be

can

which

animal

glyceryl
cluding

which
oils

describe

also

about

freshly

said

deodorizing
425F

to

deodorized

about
oil

incoming
520F

having

to
a

oil

provide

at

a
said

temperature

temperature
hot,
above

hot

oil

ougoing

pumpable

bland

flavor-stable

processing

temperature;
(b)

utilizing
deodorized

freshly

of

about

from
(c)

said

through

and

hot,

oil

ized

to

cold

in

is

The

without

hot,

oil

for

held

or

in

is

being

oil

that dwells

in

an

oil

can

oil

be

changer.

time at

flavor-stable
"dormant
time

time"

used

as
is

term

no

oil

longer

"pumpable
a

temperature

or

temperature

held

"dormant"

bland
stable
and

be

can

flavor.

There-is

each

oil

has

above

a maximum

unique

for

dormant

its

be

c r i t -

bland
term

refers

or

to

the

stripped.
processing

herein

refers

which
without

pumpable
each

or

i n t e r -

its

flavor-stable

pumped

pool

d e o d o r i z a t i o n

sparged

at

Dormant

The

in a

hot

can

beyond

degrade.

range
or

oil

heat

or

held

oil"

temperature

processing

line

dwells

deodorized

of

before

as

technically

bland

be

as

reservoir.

being

temperature
oil

will

must

stripping

Dormant

oil

herein

herein

steam

this

temperature

temperature

deodorized

that

The

temperature,

freshly

process

through

of

principle

reservoir

pumped.

deodorized

Dormant

dormant

ical

pumped

those

to

processing.

or

oil sealed

to warm

clear

be

defined

tray

before

interchanger

further

types

freshly deodor-

deodorized oil

is

all

temperature

will

significant

that

simply

heat

flavor-stable
oil"

sparging

hot,

in

modified to:

be

can

the

freshly

"dormant

oil,

up'said

warm

useful

an important

dormant

term

deodorized

of

Thus, it

bland

be held

can

which

through

art that

that

is

flavor-stable

oil..

its

to

quenched

oil

oil

the

invention

it

hot

incoming

skilled

invention

processes

bland

o i l

oil.

temperature

the

pumping
up

the

quench

temperature

Application

this

of

to

means

hot,

pumpable

pumpable outgoing

incoming

deodorization

(1)

340F;

heat interchanger

The method

hot,

about

to

Industrial

of

to said

processing

said

undeodorized

cold

oil

said

quench

flavor-stable

480F

passing

to

means

outgoing

bland

outgoing oil

cooling

hot

to

deodorized

loss
bland

particular

process

t i m e -

of

its

flavoro i l

temperature
time

increases

as

term

"quenched

oil"

as

deodorized oil

that

has

process
The
freshly

The

PBFSPT.
to

the

reduce

each

wherein said
hot

increases. as the
Therefore,
the

equipment

time

that

the

"dormant"

of

hot

the

The
bleached
more

of

heat

the

winterized,
oils

the

invention,

its

1977,

is

U.S.

useful

heat

oil.
and

with

one

e t c .

interesterified,
of
as

herein

the

of

types

incoming

by

or

bleached,

Patent 4,035,402,

incorporated

the

oil

for

Levine,

reference

in

entirety.
Steam-vacuum

process
of

refined,

disclosure

safely

is refined

processed

dewaxed,

detailed

processed

12,

been

maximum

be

can

incoming

invention

has

its

utilize

cold

up

processing

to

quenched
which

processes:

refined and

July

warm

this

of

following

a more

present

to

which

or oil

hydrogenated,
For

oil

requisite

various

temperature

interchangers

oil

incoming

at

selectively

since

temperatures
the

is

used

system

determine

processing

outgoing

oil

held

oil

flavor-stable
through

and

time
decreases.

temperature

oil

inter-

process

or

time

unique

temperature

process
times

temp-

quench

quench

will

Hot

pumped

critical

deodorization

is

time required

oil has

PBFSP

hot,

its

to

critical

limitations

t e m p e r a t u r e .
bland

is
each

selecting

to

deodorization

the

the specific

factor in

that

is

refers

cooled

been

time -

quench

process

dependency

also

and

decreases.

herein

used

There

pBFSPT.

dormant

temperature

time"

"quench

particular oil

critical

the

temperature for

the

erature to
for

term

said

wherein

interdependency

the

consists
volatile

temperature

and

deodorization
of

steam

odoriferous
reduced

is

stripping

preferred.
or

constituents

pressure.

steam
at

The
distilling
elevated

The
a

most

vessel

cylindrical

is

wide.

or

externally

and

"Dowtherm"

is

steam

consists

for

of

of

steam

is

essential,

advantage

of

effective

Batch
oil's

is

deodorization

systems

can

the

bland,

hot

quenched deodorized

that

oil

A semi-continuous

consists

five

and

opens
the
pan.
In

in

the
240C.

the

third

and

fourth

reduced

by

is
to

continues

operating time
heat

the

bland,

oil

and

be

steam
is

can

flavor-stable
the

water

be

of

the

the

hot,

Girdler

of

the

hours.

regulate
lower

the

top

the

vacuum.

accomplished

the

product

The

total

a modified
by

determining

processing.temperature

guidelines

set

out

the

pan

while

In

in-

carried

mainly
last

pan.

is

charge

is

cooling
under

device

next

in

the

In

It.

vessel

They

to

pans.

2-1/2

pumped

timing

de-aerated

stripped

about

recovery

following

safely

by

Deodorization

about

The

means.

application.

temperature

to

temperature

system,

pan

cooling

higher

and

recover

quenching

cylindrical

large

the

from

to

and

automatically.

is preheated

second

creased
out

valves

product

oil

The

batch

determining the

A motor-operated

pans

closes
of

flow

the

of

d i s -

preferred.

large-scale

essentially

containing

by

system designed

has found

Corporation

steam

8 hours.

then be

is

bottom

additional

Some sparging

agitation

the

at

modified

can

oil.

incoming

oil for

deodorized

barometric

classical

4 to

oil

with

temperature

cooler

equipment

Good

flavor-stable.temperature

oil to

heat

be

that

range

with

The

from

deodorized

hot,

suitable

provides the

agitation.

the

to

it

as

usually

of

more

plates.

cycle

heat

the

diphenyl

vacuum

ejectors

orifice

tribution

deodorization

of

temperature
The

i t

as

internally

steam is introduced

Stripping

of spiders or

means

high

is

"Dowtherm"

or

mixture

deodorization..

multistage

oil

the

is reportedly

the

high

as

firing,

eutectic

deodorizer

times

heat

to

direct

which

because

condensers.
by

is

oxide

required

made

steam,

by

diphenyl

than

is

batch

the

four

two to

Provision

vapor.

of

common shape

herein.

of

the

Several
The

used.

continuous

column

steel
oil,

to

currently
et

Lowrey

from

al,

Nov.
for

reference

ferred
hot

is

and

oil

bland

than

invention

of

it

be apparent
this

of

light

invention

semi-continuous

save

be

e.g.

as a

in

pool

packing

which

standard

are

2 is

in

the

out

strip
also
a

has

pool

of

reservoir 5
deodorized

dormant

hot

receives
oil

21

oil

on
the

in

the

However,
in

the

this

batch

which

and
modified

are

hot

deodorized

oil

in

a modified

system'

held

reservoir
unit 1

to

dormant,
means

from

having

screen

art.
the
from

hot

The

3a,
incoming
20

steam

unit 1

sparge

the

oil.

outgoing

stream
the

stripping
to

of

The

upper

and

unit

containing

oil 6.
hot,

hot

unit

means

reservoir 5

cooling

steady

falling

needed

of

deodorization

deodorized
a

is

art,

momentarily

inside

lower

separate

the

modified

to

The

matter

odor-forming

provides

interchangers.

in

22

the

of optimum

principles

super-heated

chamber

in

deodorizing

items

It

herein

processes

supported

with

treated

upper

heat

while

process.

oil-sealed

inlet 2.

feed

comprises
oil

to

shows

Figure
oil

incoming

the

pre-

for.deodorization.

skilled

be

is

steam

described

to

oil

agitation

outgoing

a vacuum

The

steam

some

Less

deodorized
is

oils.

maintenance

that

the

apparatus

pumped..

systems.

mainly

it

pumping it

The

the

applicable

hot
if

quenched

to

prior

being

deodorization

The

energy.

must

for

is required

to utilize the heat of

3,.542,653,

and. high

deodorized

step

to those

equally

T h e

incorporated

processes

hot

disclosure,

are

an

are

continuous deodorization

context
will

is

c a p s .

entirety.

to

some

in

stainless

Patent

edible

of

Cor-

counter-

to

patent

some

assures

agitation

This

al

prior

also

flavor

this

relates

quenching

dwelling

agitation

U.S.

their
in

Wheeler

heat-bleaching

"dormant"

the

during

oil

for

the

of

steam.

et

in

stated above,

stripping

moves

deodorization
Lowrey

widely

bubble

and

bottom,

1970,

continuous

the

teachings of

As

24,

steam

temperature

by

to

top

are

a vertical

of

trays

the ascending

process

herein

with

also
Foster

by

essentially

provided

cascading

and

manufactured

system

consists

poration

deodorizers

The

freshly

chamber

22

unit

of the

is cooled
by

1.
to

There
bland

cold

with

heated

140F

For

The means

24,

howry

patent

its

and.

the bland

maintained.

The

through the

heat
27

cooler

used

120F

deodorized

cooled

to

The
120Fwater

comprise

systems
etc.

times,
the

invention,

herein

incorporated

processed

freshly
within

fraction

quenched
water

simply

oil
unit

oil
into

through

into

deodorized

of

also

of

be

means

the

oil

21

processing
be

for

the

6 in
hot,

the

oil pool 6.
is rapidly
temperature
by

stripping

pool of

oil.

deodThe

injecting

the

quenching

oil

steam

of 20a

a l t e r -

freshly
.

hot,

quenched

An

hot,

24

cooling

agitation

the

cooled

freshly

cooling

pool

invention.

this

recycled

Additional

provided
into

of

"CDU

a quenching.means
oil

said

second.

6 can

oil

cooled

temperature

quench,

showering

agitate

drops

comprises
the

is

passing

further

23 can

embodiment

deodorized

and

injected

quenching

deodorized
directly

oil

6 after

safe

(storage)

oil 23

flavor-stable

bland

native

it

oil

means 24 is

comprises

quench
as

oil

deodorized

deodorized

a preferred

quenched

21

is

23.

quenching

oil

orized

the

cooled

heat

whereby

system

flavor of

which

method

5 to

reservoir

or

is

pool of

packing

to 140F,

The preferred

the

this
is

supra,

interchanger

to

method

quench"

26.

preferably

quenched

f i n a l l y

means

residence

continuous deodorization

The

to

is

25

deodorization

of

with

quenched

quenching oil

as

onto

hot

27 preferably

caps,

illustrates

figure

recovered

about

the

by

interchangers.

bubble

3, 542, 653,

is

24

entirety.

The

via

and

inconsistent

not

are

in

26

disclosure

packing,

which

which

heat

detailed

general,.

heating

5 before

means

oil

is finally

27

heaters or

warmed

incoming

oil

means

of

battery

is

25

21

oil

temperature

reservoir

interchanger

temperature

cooler

by a

cooler.

high

processing

lower

heat
said

before

deodorized

freshly

the

oil

deodorized

hot quenched

in

the

incoming

oil 6

deodorized

in

23

pumped through

wherein

hot,

flavor-stable

oil

the quenching

it is

the

oil

earlier,

stated

As

flavor-stable
oil

from

recover

bland
is

and

at

which

heat

in

of

flavor

from

maximum
at

the

bland
In

step.

recovery

the

of

changer

hot

save

alternative

An

a direct

internal

heat

to

the

freshly

reservoirs
of

types
its

heat

to

than

other

example

orization

1975"',

Chemist's

Society,

J.

Oil

Am.

C.

T.

Both

of

477A

(Vol.

50)..

ated

herein

in

It

surprisingly

was

oils

deodorized

bland
tion

flavor-stable
before

deodorized
about
freshly

460F

at
in

high
a

deodorized

flavor
time.

quench

hot,

quenching

temperature,

reservoir
this

of

in:

"Deod-

American

of
and

Gavin

1973,

pp.

references

like

invention.

found

53),

discovered

Oil
et

al,

466A-

incorpor-

are

that

hot,

freshly

high

of

temperature

quenched

to

slightly

temperature

to

avoid

be

Sunflower

deodorize.

to

for

Journal

these

too

pumping.
oil

difficult

bland

to

entirety.

having
could

pumped

safely

their

and

November

Society,

Such

fast

are

(Vol.

in

temperature

the scope

1976

June

oil

down

hot

cooling

Zehnder,

used

are

Figure.

critical

devices

is

quench

flavor-stable

lower

such

Chemist's

the

to bland

within

of

A. t y p i c a l ,

inter-

oil

and equipment

oil

as

heat

the

taste

good

within

i.e.

contemplated

are

maximum

which

the

processing

oil-sealed

an

heat

deodorized
in

cool

must

maintain optimum

deodorized

shown

5,

exchangers

Alternate methods
freshly

the

in

coils

processed

reservoir

deodorized oil,

in

oil-to-oil

exchanger

flavor-stable

bland

enough
in

like

oil

energy.

to

hot,

the

outgoing

embodiment
used

temp-

is

maintained

oil is

submerged
quench

maintained,

standpoint,

is

a preferred

deodorized

to

means

flavor

oil

is

oil

deodorized

hot

the

while

flavor-stable

efficient

of the

be pumped

process

bland

preferred

energy

can

deodorized

freshly

temperature

which

heat

an

oil

deodorized

maximum

The

system.

deodorization

The

to

varies

oil

a particular

system

hot

the

preferred.

erature,

from

oil

to

bland

pumpable

preferred

of

temperature

temperature
to

the

It

temperature

continuous
sun

oil

seed
is
of

oil

about

very

490F
The

be
but

degrada-

preferably

deodorizer.
must

lower

flavor
is

to

to

be

in a CDU to

quenched

temperature

of

about

445F

time

of

about

quench
about

to

it

(a

bland

at

too

of

of

vacuums
at

few

Hot,

to

seed

outgoing

in

CDU,

taste

and

ized

that

oil

a
within

hot

bland

seed

oil

5 and

associated

In
oil

seed

446F

about
The

hot,

out

of

Thus,

be

can

the
hot,

in

reservoir 5

of

below

It

is

5F

with

about

within

The hot,
quenched
quenching
complished
the

by

quench

mixing

by
lower

23.

it

time

of

with

oil

oil

sunflower
of

23

21

is

of

a shower
a

of
CDU

the

410F

about
of

second..

preferably

prior

CDU

quenched

temperature.

fraction

oil

is

temperature

temperature
about

r e s e r v o i r .

lower

flavor-stable

490F.

to

dribbles

21

oil
to

from

460F

the

outgoing

in a

of

maximum

Figure,

120-140F

step

reservoir 5

the

into

deodorized

This

spraying

to

to

semi-

the

recover

of

Similar .

and

preferably

bland

quenched

freshly

oil

its

24

enough

temperature

down

quenching

445F,

preferably

deodorized

freshly

reservoir

quenched.

outgoing

22

chamber

upper

in

and

510F,

oil..

shown

deodorized

freshly

is

batch

to

about

cooler

to

not

designed

when

e.g.
in

pool

modified

deodorized at
about

to

if

oil,

as

system,

times,

piping

deodorized

freshly
CDU

445F

about

degradation

temperatures

happen in
so

shows

continuous

degrade the

processes

below

(dwell)

deodorization

would

of the

heat

sunflower

deodor-

reservoir

continuous

surpris-

was

freshly

in

degradation

It

for

flavors, but unquenched

less,

significantly

dormant

good

and

high

held

seed

optimum

60

CDU a t

(stripping)

its

Short dormant

like

dormant

deodorized

maintains

held dormant.
seconds

held

degradation.

quenched

taste

good

sunflower

having a temperature

sunflower

outgoing

freshly

sparging

temperatures

illustrated,

as

if

rapidly

deodorized

show

can

hot,

optimum

without

freshly

seconds

that

has

degrade

temperature

discovered

ingly

which

deodorization

high

just a

into

within

second

discovered

oil

will

flavor)

high

under

has been

deodorized

processed

410F

about

fraction

stable

process

50 seconds.
Again,

oil

flavor

its

is

deodorized

preferably

quenching

system

oil

whereby

ac23
the

hot

and
The

5 can

via

cooling,

e.g.

further

cooled

stable

the

to

via

to

also

heat

reservoir 5

stable
the

needed

processing

flavor-stable

The bland
particular oil

particular
critical

The

flavor-stable

processing

would be to withdraw a

decreasing

from

has.

be

a maximum
the

deodorized

at

Procedure

20

lb.

small

valves.
of

the

for

its
to

oil

can

procedure

batch

deodorizer

under

stainless

steel

sample

deodorizer

via

operation

is:

and

achieve

vessel
also

valved
inlet

deodorized
a

is

vessel

sample

suitably

at

is

desired

bland

510F.

as

used

to
is

Equipment
which

is

connected

vented

vent
oil

CDU

PBFSPT

capacity

PBFSPT

at
for

Soybean

the

freshly

oil,
in

high

oil

various

to

480F

as

the

PBFSPT

about

temperature

describes

of

system

Soybean

oils.

deodorizer
time

Figure.

bland

hot,

them

error.

the

of

deodorized

The

and

(PBFSPT)

samples

of

PBFSPT

for

for

pumpable

of

determine
a

the

times.

Determine

to

following
the

trial

by

quenching

increasing
in

The

and

the

time

batch deodorization

shown

as

system

of

on

temperature

dwell

temperature
series

temperatures

temperatures at
example,

processing

and

One method of determining

being processed.
deodorized oil

depending

applied.

determine

to

energy.

flavor-

being

determined

is

23.

save

times

can

factor

oil

dwell

a particular

be

is

freshly

vary

within

system

oil

recirculated

a bland

will

process

The

or

hot,

to

temperatures,

storage

thereby

to

quench

deodorization

particular
a

to

then

and

preferably designed

and

oil

24

quenching
is

oil 25

temperature,

oil

respective

24

cooler

quenching

oil,

cool

the
further

or

10F.

packed

as

incoming

up

The-ratio of
deodorized

130F +

in

cooler

packing

tank,

a storage

cooling

to

about

of

Heat. interchanger
to

27

agitated.

for

out

pumped

interchanger

cooler

and

oil 6

outgoing

safely

heat

temperature
pumped

be

then

mixed

contacted,

are

deodorized

quenched

reservoir

then

oils

cooled

up

line.

by

to

The

mounted
two

the

procedure

into

the

temperature

and

charged

flavor.

Bland

top

flavor

is

verified

by

vessel

sample

and

while

ice.bath

equalize the

ing

oil

two

valves

to

and

by

deodorized

oil

the

vessel

sample

e.g.

2,

5,

ture

of

the

to

tures
t r o l .

is

process

times and

sample

of

select the

PBFSPT

time

at

of

flavor

it

in

Table

Figure.
seed

about

0.5%

by

steam

weight

introduced

via

and

drawn

level
vacuum

is

source

oil

3 0 .

of

steam

20

different

sampling

temperato

the

an

artisan

can
to

be

held

understanding

at

specified

degrade.

1-9
of

Examples
is
and

1-9

for

run.

introduced

at

oil

2.

incoming
the

below

upper

each

Superof

rate
The

the

screen

chamber

22

out

the

sunflower

was

20

in

bleached

used

inlet

set

are

illustrated

was
the

through

temper-

one

refined

(inlet)

stripping

several

temp-

allows

used

equipment

various

temperature

starts

Undeodorized,

incoming

heated
is

The

I.

tempera-

con-

conditions

specific

is

the

oil

the

which

the

withdrawal,

sampling

for

rather,

versus

and

giving

but

grades

Examples
The

to

different

repeated

time
by

before

temperature

reduced

the

cooling

The

more.

several different

produce a map

This map

the

after

is

bland.

withdrawal,

seconds

oil

expert

bath;

after

or

of

by

which

seconds

bath

sample

bath,

provide several

This

quenching

30

or

ice

at

ice

an

the

testing,

ice

an

the

of

suitably

When

and,

a l l o w -

instan-

tasted

is

control.

few

then

that it

sample

through

almost

The

in

deodorized

eratures to
atures.

cooled

15

is

in

the

Cooling

ice bath.

withdrawn

until

10,

deodorizer

is

to

then opened,

held

not precooled

is

commenced

not

flavor

is first

sample

deodorizer

essentially

determine

is

are

the

withdrawn

the

vessel

sample

of

thus

is

sample

are

external

evaluators to

This

itself

an
and

connecting

sample vessel

walls
the

the

sample vessel.

into the

conditions

deodorizer

valves

from

into the

of

top

the

vessel into

the

to

Both

drain

freely

as its

taneous,

the

to

deodorizer

the

draining

oil

line

into

sample

the sample

connected

pressures.

with

vessel

is

oil

an

immersing

it

vent

opening the

o i l

withdrawing

steam
3a
via

shown

As

20a

steam
of

in

the

(AP)

maintained.

too

tions are

shown

The

in

21

in

chamber

22

time

the

of

of

of

the

oil

in

24 of

interchanger
ratios of

deodorized

The

the

oil

the
fed

achieve the desired

5 mm

maintained

were

operating

at

pressure
24

about

15

mm o f

mercury

30

hot

the

mm o f

mm of

mercury

is

under

various

condi-

is

not

quenching
into
pool

the

is

of

oil

a minute

in

about

the

and

1 to

the

residence
to

2 minutes.

oil to

hot,

freshly

system

were

adjusted

temperature

oil

upper

time

pumping

plus

approxi-

deodorized

freshly

time

about

unit

oil 2

incoming

hot,

reservoir 5
the

about

about

residence

unit

of

I.

temperature of

each run.

and

of

several runs

Table

the pool

column

about

of

of

agitation

pressures

of

a P

of

temperature

the

the

sparging

surface
for

a maximum

across

Results

high.

mates

with

A P

the

maximum

pressure

Preferably,

mercury.

below

operating

column

additional

some

reservoir 5

the

Column

differential

The

introduced

Figure,

absolute

of

top

are

be

measure.

mercury

the

the

oil 6

quenched

good
of

can

in

shown

in

to

the

T a b l e .
The
9

pool

illustrate

temperatures
some

preferred

of

Examples

PSFSPTs

of

2,
this

3,

4,

7,

8 and

invention.

Deodorized
ated

on

and

10:1

1 having

A.0.2

flavor

seen,

oils

this

invention.

oils

being

objectionable

or

strong off-flavor.

at

in

the

compare

6 pumped at 480F

run 7

of

flavors

at

pumped

flavor

quench

and

and

of

were

o f

4.

T h e y

were

and

7.6.

pumped
respectively.

sparged

oil

pool

pool

oil

respectively

7.3

and

oils of

2,

quenched,

which

system

7.1

405F,

unquenched

q u a l i t y

run

of

be

quench

quenched

pool 6
480F

with

445F

in

oil flavors

oil

temperatures

lower

1 with

run

the

the

the

o i l

can

of

using

deodorized

dormant

were

As

aid

the

graded

bland

significant.

deodorized

had

respectively

run

is

without

unquenched

Compare

Also

10

this invention
the

evalu-

subjectively

with

differential

all

dormant

very

is

(DOF)

scale

grading

than

Both

flavor

deodorized

of

system

oil

sparged

7.8.
The

hot,

8 and

7,

within

9 were

50

and

times

1-2

Comparing
runs

and probably

dwell

about

each

6,

run

of

These

and 7.3

7.3

that

steam

by

the

is

Steam

6 of

and

steam

seconds.

4,
The

reservoir

of

This

flavor
is

with

oil,

oils,

steam

deodorized

improvement,

sparging

dormant

sparged

directionally

the greater

quenching.

pool

effect

had

runs

This

improve flavor.
shadowed

and

respectively.

sparging

10

the

3,

temperatures;

within

unquenched

unquenched

quality.

7.1,

in

PBFSP

runs

minutes.
1,

direct comparison

oil

to their

quenched

seconds

residence or
were

deodorized

freshly

gives

sparging

on

flavors

of

oil

comparison

and

preferred
is

however,

shows
does

over-

improvement

achieved

directionally

better

via
but

optional.
all

In
heat

of

exchanger

warmed

to save

the

inlet

the

desired

oil

the
24

whereby

energy.
via

inlet

(1-9)

runs

high

pool

the

Less

oil 6

cooler
energy

temperature

deodorization

was

inlet
was
heater

pumped

oil

required
means

temperature.

25

to

was
to

26

heat
to

1.

deodorization

oil

An

characterized

process

the

by

of:

steps

(a)

of

pressure
30 mm
(b)

520F

from

range

from 0.1

2.

(218C).

and

(13.3

Pa) to

and

Pa),
oil

of

(a)

step

to

in t h e r a n g e f r o m
temperature
(175C)
about
to 340F
within

480F (249C)
50

425F

to

mm o f m e r c u r y

(4000

in the

a temperature

deodorized

the

stable

flavor

at

(271C)

of mercury

quenching

oil

edible

deodorizing

seconds..

A process

to

according

1 characterized

Claim

in

that

from 490F (254C)

(a) i s i n t h e r a n g e
t e m p e r a t u r e of s t e p
(238C),
and w h e r e i n t h e
to 460F

deodorized

step

the

deodorization
oil

3.

A process

that

said

A process

ized

by

the additional
oil

quenched

steps

(230C)

1 or

Claim

2 characterized

semi-continuous

continuous,

thereby
An

oil

to

according

a heat

through

5.

stable

in

or

process.

4 .

and

to

a flavor

quenched to

446F

according

process is

is

(b)

about

below

temperature

batch

of

of

step

interchanger

of

any

to

means
to

1 to

3 character-

the

quenched

further

cool

passing

and simultaneously
save

Claims

warm

oil
the

undeodorized

oil

energy.

deodorization

characterized

process

by

the

of:
(a)

with

deodorizing oil
steam

at

(271C)
the

a
to

range

30 mm of

super-heated

temperature
446F
from

0.1

mercury

in

(230C)

and

mm of
(4000

the

stripping

range
at

mercury
Pa) , a n d

from

a pressure
(13.3

Pa)

520F
in
to

(b)

the

quenching

flavor

a bland

(a) to

446F

about

below

deodorized

freshly

stable

(230C)

oil

of

step
of

temperature
50

within about

seconds.
6 .

step (b)
oil

7.

that

deodorized

with

oil

of
oil;

quneching

in

that

step

(a)

said

quenching

below

a temperature substantially

having

stable

the

comprises quenching

oil

said

5 characterized

process according to Claim

by

said

mixing

flavor

temperature.
according

process

deodorized

said

the range

from

quenching

oil

oil

490F
has

Claim

of

step

(a)

to

460F,

(254C)

a maximum

6 characterized

5 or

to

has

in

a temperature

(238C)

temperature

in

of

and

said
140F

about

(60C).

8.

A process

ized

in

that

deodorized
9.
steps

An

oil

any

further

(b)

step

oil

to

according

process

5 to

Claims

comprises
steam

with sparging

deodorization

of

8 characterthe

agitating

while

cooling.

characterized

by

the

of:
(a)

passing

oil

wherein

said

in

the

by

passing

deodorization

into a

is-deodorized

oil

520F

from

range

steam

column,

vacuum
at

temperature

to 446F

(271C)

(230C)

through

countercurrently

said

oil;
(b)
(c)

passing

the

said

reservoir

of

quenching

said

ture

below

seconds.

deodorized

hot

deodorization

hot

about

oil

deodorized

446F

(230C)

into

separate

vacuum
oil

to

within

column;

a temperaabout

50

and

10.

A process

according

terized

in

that

sisting

of

sunflower

corn oil,

and

said

oil
seed

safflower

to

any

is

selected

oil,

seed

of

Claims
from

soybean
oil.

oil,

1 to

9. charac-

the group

con-

linseed

oil,