August 30, 2012

BIO 3200
Human Physiology
Dr. David Njus
(313) 577-2783
0162 Biological Sciences (lab)
dnjus@wayne.edu

What Is
Physiology?
Study of organ systems

Immune
system

How these systems

work together to make
or bodies function
How diseases or drugs
alter these systems

Immune
system

Physiology connects molecular

mechanisms to behavior of the
organism

Does evolution select for good

genes?
Natural selection selects for good
physiology
Genes coding for good physiology are
preserved as a consequence
Physiology connects genetics and
evolution

About the Course

Text
Human Physiology:
An Integrated
Approach, 6th Ed., by
D.U. Silverthorn
Prerequisites
Introductory Microbiology (BIO 2200)
Introduction to Cell Biology (BIO 2600)

Blackboard
Material now available on Blackboard:
Syllabus
Material to be added:
Announcements
Handouts
Powerpoints of lectures

Stay Engaged
Come to class Powerpoint lectures
are not enough
Read the textbook
Ask questions when you need
clarification
Answer clicker questions Dont just
wait for the answer

Clickers
You will need an iClicker
We will begin using the
clickers right away
You will get two points per
lecture for answering clicker
questions beginning Sept. 13
Clicker questions are
intended to help you see
whether or not you
understand the physiological
concept

Grading
Exam I
Exam II
Exam III
Final Exam
Clicker points
Total

240 Tuesay, September 25

240 Thursday, October 18
240 Tuesday, November 13
240 Thursday, December 13
40
1000 points

Grading
All hour exam scores will count
There will be no make up exams
Grades will be based on a straight scale
as listed on the syllabus

Lectures and Reading

Tuesdays lecture (9/4) will cover Chapter
6: Communication, Integration and
Homeostasis
We will skip Chapters 1 5. These cover
material you should have learned in earlier
classes.
You may want to review Chapters 1 - 5 to
be sure that you remember this material,
and read Chapter 6.

Ch. 1: Introduction
to Physiology
Themes in Physiology:
1. Structure and Function
are Closely Related
2. Living Organisms Need
Energy
3. Information Flow
Coordinates Body
Functions
4. Homeostasis Maintains
Internal Stability

Immune
system

Ch. 1: Introduction
to Physiology
Homeostasis: The
ability of the body to
maintain a relatively
constant internal
environment
Immune
system

Ch. 2: Molecular Interactions

Molecules and bonds
Hydrocarbons are non polar
Carbohydrates are polar
Ions are charged

Noncovalent interactions
Water and pH
Hydrophilic interactions
Hydrophobic interactions

Protein interactions

Which of these is not soluble in

water?
A) Na+

C) Glucose

B) Glutamate
C) Hexane

Ch. 3: Compartmentation:
Cells and Tissues

Functional Compartments of the Body

Biological Membranes
Intracellular Compartments
Tissues of the Body
Tissue Remodeling
Organs

Ch. 4: Energy and Cellular

Metabolism

Energy in Biological Systems

Chemical Reactions
Enzymes
Metabolism

Ch. 5: Membrane Dynamics

Osmosis and Tonicity

Transport Processes
Diffusion
Protein-Mediated Transport
Vesicular Transport
Epithelial Transport
The Resting Membrane Potential
Integrated Membrane Processes: Insulin

Membrane Potential
In animal cells, the cytoplasm
has an electrical potential more
negative than the outside of the
cell

There is more negative

charge inside of the cell
and more positive charge
outside

Why is the membrane potential

negative in animal cells?
A) The Na+/K+ ATPase pumps more Na+ out
of the cell than it pumps K+ in
B) Membranes have more negative charge
on their inside surface than on their outside
C) Animal cell membranes are more
permeable to K+ than to Na+
D) Animal cells contain a lot of negative
charges

Diffusion
K+ is more
concentrated
inside the cell
than outside
K+ diffusion
carries positive
charge out of
the cell

Which way will Na+ diffuse?

15
mM

Into the cell

150
mM

What would the membrane potential be if the

membrane were more permeable to Na+
than to K+?
Positive (About +60 mV)

Enzymes
Enzymes bind
substrates
selectively
The Na+/K+ ATPase
hydrolyzes ATP and
transports 3 Na+ out
and 2 K+ in
It creates a higher K
+ concentration and
a lower Na+
concentration inside
the cell

Active Transport
Enzymes catalyze
chemical reactions
Reactions go in the
direction of
decreasing free
energy

When is active transport

required?
A) To transport material from a region of lower
concentration to a region of higher
concentration
B) To increase the rate at which material is
transported across a biological membrane
C) To move material through the viscous
interior of the membrane
D) To transport ions and charged molecules
across the membrane

Active Transport
Which involves a
greater change in
free energy?
ATP hydrolysis or
transport of Na+ and
K+
ATP hydrolysis

Next Time
Communication, Integration and
Homeostasis (Chapter 6)