RCC Retaining WallS

Design of RCC Retaining Wall
Density of concrete
Use Grade of concrete
Steel grade
Angle of repose of earth
Density of back fill
kN/m3
25
500
=
=
=
=
25
M
Fe
30
20 kN/m
=
=
2
280 kN/m
45
Fck
Fy
Safe bearing capacity of foundation soil
2
25 N/mm
2
500 N/mm
=
32 mm
=
40 mm
= 32 + 40 / 2
=
52 mm
Dia of rod
Clear cover
Consider rod dia
Effiective cover
Stem/Wall
Overall depth of wall " D "

Effiective deprh " d "
=
=
1200 mm
1148 mm
=
=
900 mm
848 mm
Toe/Heel slab
Overall depth of slab " D "

451.113
0.3
h1
7.321
3.55 m
45
447.563
w1
H 12.071
Stem
h 8.521
440.242
w2
0.3
Toe
0.9
1.2
2.4
439.942
Heel
h2 1.2
w3
0.9
w4
0.5
c
4.5
439.042
i. Stability Analysis
Weight of wall
w1
=
=
=
0.3 x 7.621 x 1 x 25
53.03 kN
2.55 m
w2
=
=
=
0.5 x 0.9 x 7.621 x 1 x 25

114.32 kN
3m
w3
=
=
=
4.5 + 1.2 x 0.5 x 0.4 x 1 x 25

28.5 kN
2.25 m
w4
=
=
=
4.5 x 0.5 x 1 x 25
56.25 kN
2.25 m
Pa
Ca
H
Pa
=
=
=
=
1/2 Ca H2
0.232
12.071 m
338.04 kN/m
Horizontal component
Ph
=
=
Pa cos
292.75 kN
Vertical component
Pv
=
=
Pa sin
239.03 kN
Leaverarm from point c

Weight of wall
Weight of foundation
Preassure behind the wall
Earth pressure coefficent
S.no
1
2
3
4
5
6
Loads
Magnitude of the load in kN
Distance fro c in m
w1
w2
w3
w4
Pv
Moment of Ph
Total
53.03
114.32
28.5
56.25
239.03
292.75
783.88
2.55
3
2.25
2.25
4.02
Resultant force on the wall meet the base at distance z from the heel end a
z
=
1845.74 / 783.88
=
2.35 m
Eccentracity
e
=
z - b/2
=
0.1 m
But
e
<
b/6
0.1 m
<
0.75 m
Moment about c
kN.m
135.23
342.96
64.13
126.56
1176.86
1845.74
i. Check for bearing pressure

Pressure at the toe and at the heel are given by
P
Pmax
2
197.42 Kn/m
Pmin
2
150.97 Kn/m
W/bl(16e/l)
2
15.097 t/m
2
19.742 t/m
ii. Factor of safety against overturning

z
Resisting moment about d
=
=
2.35 m
1842.118 kN.m
Overturning moment about d
1176.86 kN.m
Factor of safety against overturning
=
=
1842.118
1176.86
1.57
iii. Factor of safety against sliding

Forces causing sliding
Frictional force
( W) = 0.55
=
=
544.85 kN
299.67 kN
Factor of safety against sliding
299.67
292.75
1.02
=
This is lessthan 1.5. Hence a Key shoild be provided
>
1.5 O.K
>
1 O.K
iv. Design of the stem/wall

Bending moment for the stem per metre run
M
Factroed B.M "M"
Ca h3/6
0.232 x 20 x 7.621 x 7.621 x 7.621 / 6
1026.89 kN.m
= 1.5 x 1026.89
= 1540.335
kN.m
=
1540335000
=
M
0.133 x Fck x b
1540335000
=
0.133 x 25 x 1000
Effective depth required " d "
d
d
Hence provide effective depth
=
=
=
= 463258.647
=
680 mm
=
1148 mm
N.mm
Main reinforcement
Consider dia of bar
Ast Req
32 mm
1.5 x M
= 0.87 x Fy x d ( 1 - 0.42 x 0.46)
Ast Req
1.5 x 1026.89 x 1000000

= 0.87 x 500 x 1148 x 0.8068
=
3823.12 mm
For
32 mm dia bars "As"
Spacing of bars " S " = 1000 As/Ast Req
803.84 mm
1000 x 803.84 / 3823.12
210.26 mm say 210 mm
1000 As/S
1000 x 803.84 / 210
3827.81 mm
=
=
Provided steel reinforcement
Ast Pro
=
=
=
HENCE SAFE
Provided steel reinforcement 32 mm @210 mm c/c
Distribution reinforcement
Consider dia of bar
Ast Req
(As per clause 40.1 of IS 456-2000)
=
16 mm
= 0.12 % BD
= 0.0012 x 1000 x 1200
=
1440 mm
Ast Req
For
16 mm dia bars "As" =
Spacing of bars " S " = 1000 As/Ast Req =
=
=
=
=
Ast Pro
200.96 mm
1000 x 200.96 / 1440
139.56 mm say
1000 As/S
1000 x 200.96 / 135
1488.59 mm
135 mm
HENCE SAFE
v. Design of the toe and Heel slab
0.9 m
1.2
2.4 m
Toe
Heel
2
15.097 Kn/m
2
197.42 Kn/m
h
2
f
e
2
160.96 Kn/m
4.5 m
112.34 Kn/m
Bending Moment Calculation of the toe slab
Loads
S.no
Distance fro c in m
Moment about c
kN.m
144.86
0.45
65.19
16.41
0.60
9.84
17.00
178.27
0.45
7.65
82.68
Upward pressure
cdif
Upward pressure
2
efi
1
Deduct dead load

3
of the slab
B.M for toe slab
Factroed B.M "M"
= 1.5 x 82.68
= 124.02
kN.m
=
124020000
=
M
0.133 x Fck x b
124020000
=
0.133 x 25 x 1000
d
d
= 37299.248
=
193 mm
=
848 mm
Main reinforcement
Consider dia of bar
N.mm
Ast Req
12 mm
1.5 x M
= 0.87 x Fy x d ( 1 - 0.42 x 0.46)
Ast Req
=
=
For
12 mm dia bars "As"
1.5 x 82.68 x 1000000

0.87 x 500 x 848 x 0.8068
416.72 mm
113.04 mm
= 1000 x 113.04 / 416.72
=
271.26 mm say
Ast Pro
= 1000 As/S
= 1000 x 113.04 / 245
=
461.39 mm
HENCE SAFE
=
245 mm
Bending Moment Calculation of the heel slab
S.no
Loads
Distance fro c in m
Moment about c
kN.m
1
2
Weight of backing
Surcharge
457.26
85.20
1.2
1.6
548.71
136.32
1.2
Weight of heel slab
42.00
Total load
584.46
50.40
Deduct for upward

pressure abjh
36.23
1.2
43.48
Deduct for upward

pressure gih
Total deduction
116.69
152.92
0.8
93.35
136.83
735.43
B.M for heel slab
Factroed B.M "M"
598.60
= 1.5 x 598.59936
= 897.89904 kN.m
=
897899040
=
M
0.133 x Fck x b
897899040
=
0.133 x 25 x 1000
= 270044.824
=
519 mm
=
848 mm
Main reinforcement
Consider dia of bar
d
d
N.mm
Ast Req
25 mm
1.5 x M
= 0.87 x Fy x d ( 1 - 0.42 x 0.46)
Ast Req
=
=
For
25 mm dia bars "As"
1.5 x 598.59936 x 1000000

0.87 x 500 x 848 x 0.8068
3017.01 mm
490.625 mm
= 1000 x 490.625 / 3017.01
=
162.62 mm say 160 mm
Ast Pro
= 1000 As/S
= 1000 x 490.625 / 160
=
3066.41 mm
HENCE SAFE
=
Consider dia of bar
Ast Req
=
12 mm
= 0.12 % BD
= 0.0012 x 1000 x 900
=
1080 mm
Ast Req
For
=
=
=
=
Ast Pro
113.04 mm
1000 x 113.04 / 1080
104.67 mm say
1000 As/S
1000 x 113.04 / 100
1130.4 mm
100 mm
HENCE SAFE
vi. Design of the key
To provide a FOS of 1.5, the wall should be designed to remain in limiting equilibrium when the horizontal
force on the wall is increased to 1.5 Ph
1.5 Ph
Limiting friction force
Unbalanced force
Safe horizontal soil pressure
1.5 x 292.75
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
439.125 kN
299.67 kN
439.125 - 299.67
139.455 kN
0.7 x SBC
0.7 x 280
2
196 Kn/m
=
Let the height of the key
196 x y
y
Say
=
=
=
139.455
0.71 m
0.75 m
Maximum bending moment for the key

M
Thickness of shear key proposed

Dia of rod
=
=
=
Wl / 2
139.455 x 0.75 / 2
52.3 Kn.m
300 mm
Clear cover
Consider rod dia
Effiective cover
=
32 mm
=
40 mm
= 32 + 40 / 2
=
52 mm
Overall width " D "

=
=
Shear key
300 mm
248 mm
Factroed B.M "M"
= 1.5 x 52.3
= 78.45
kN.m
=
78450000
=
M
0.133 x Fck x b
78450000
=
0.133 x 25 x 1000
d
d
= 23593.985
=
153 mm
=
248 mm
Main reinforcement
Consider dia of bar
N.mm
Ast Req
16 mm
1.5 x M
= 0.87 x Fy x d ( 1 - 0.42 x 0.46)
Ast Req
=
=
For
16 mm dia bars "As"
1.5 x 52.3 x 1000000

0.87 x 500 x 248 x 0.8068
901.33 mm
200.96 mm
= 1000 x 200.96 / 901.33
=
222.96 mm say
Ast Pro
= 1000 As/S
= 1000 x 200.96 / 220
=
913.45 mm
HENCE SAFE
Consider dia of bar
Ast Req
=
10 mm
= 0.12 % BD
= 0.0012 x 1000 x 300
=
360 mm
Ast Req
For
220 mm
Ast Pro
=
=
=
=
78.5 mm
1000 x 78.5 / 360
218.06 mm say
1000 As/S
1000 x 78.5 / 215
365.12 mm
HENCE SAFE
215 mm
4
Toe
1
Density of concrete
Use Grade of concrete
Steel grade
Angle of repose of earth
Density of back fill
Safe bearing capacity of foundation

i. Stability Analysis
Weight of wall
Weight of wall
Earth surcharge weight
Earth pressure P1 due tosurcharge

Earth pressure P2

Let x be the distance from c of the
Eccentracity
ii. Factor of safety against overtu

Resultant of vertical forces from c
Resisting moment about d

Overturning moment about d
Factor of safety against overturning
iii. Factor of safety against slidin

Forces causing sliding
Frictional force
Factor of safety against sliding
iv. Check for bearing pressure

Pressure at the toe and at the heel a
11.886
v. Design of stem
Preassure behind the wall
Earth pressure coefficent
Horizontal component of pressure
Bending moment at base of the ver
Considering 1 m width of the vertic
Using partial factor of 1.5 on the ho
Effective depth required

Depth of stem at base
Assume dia of bar
Clear cover
Effective depth provided
Area of tension steel is given by
Main Reinforcement
Use
32
32
Provided steel reinforcem
Distribution Reinforcement
Use
10
Check for shear
The shear strength of M

The critical section for shear streng
Factored shear force

Nominal Shear stress
vi. Design of toe

Dead load of foundation
Overall depth
Clear cover
Assume dia of bar
Effective depth
118.86
Using partial factor of 1.

For
16
Spacing of bars " S " = 1000 As/A
Check for shear

vii. Design of heel

Dead load of foundation
Earth surcharge load
Using partial factor of 1.

For
32
Spacing of bars " S " = 1000 As/A
Check for shear

0.3
10
w1
Stem
w2
0.4
1.5
0.45
2.2
Heel
w3
0.6
w4
0.3
c
4.15
kN/m3
30
500
=
=
=
=
25
M
Fe
22
3
20 kN/m
=
=
2
300 kN/m
10
w1
=
=
=
0.3 x 3.4 x 1 x 25
25.5 kN
2.5 m
w2
=
=
=
0.5 x 0.15 x 3.4 x 1 x 25

6.375 kN
2.3 m
w3
=
=
=
4.15 + 0.45 x 0.5 x 0.3 x 1 x 25

17.25 kN
2.425 m
de of concrete
f repose of earth
aring capacity of foundation soil
ity Analysis
rm from point c
rm from point c
of foundation
rm from point c
of foundation
w4
rm from point c
rcharge weight
rm from point c
essure P1 due tosurcharge
rm from point c
=
=
=
4.15 x 0.3 x 1 x 25
31.125 kN
2.075 m
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
3.4 x 2.2 x 1 x 25
187 kN
1.1 m
Ca h1 h2
0.488 x 20 x 4.15 x 4
162.02 kN
1.33 m
2
=
1/2 Ca h2
=
0.5 x 0.488 x 20 x 4 x 4
=
78.08 kN
rm from point c
=
1.33 m
the distance from c of the point where the resultant force strikes the base
x
=
2.660 m
e
6e
base length
=
=
=
=
or of safety against overturning

nt of vertical forces from c lies at a distance
=
x - b/2
0.585 m
6 x 0.585
4.15
0.85 m <
Hence ok
g moment about d
=
=
390.528
267.25
1.46 m
718.903 kN.m
ning moment about d
319.333 kN.m
f safety against overturning
=
=
718.903
319.333
2.25
or of safety against sliding

ausing sliding
( W) = 0.45
=
=
80.25 kN
120.263 kN
f safety against sliding
120.263
80.25
1.5
ck for bearing pressure

e at the toe and at the heel are given by
P
Pmax
2
118.86 Kn/m
Pmin
2
9.93 Kn/m
W/bl(16e/l)
0.993 t/m
2
t/m
re behind the wall
essure coefficent
tal component of pressure
Pa
Ca
h
Pa
=
=
=
=
1/2 Ca h2
0.488
3.4 m
56.41 kN/m
Ph
=
=
Pa cos
55.55 kN/m
=
=
Ph h/3
62.96 kN.m/m
moment at base of the vertical wall
ring 1 m width of the vertical slab, its thickness is given by,
B.M
=
artial factor of 1.5 on the horizontal earth pressure
1.5 x 62.96 x 1000000
=
2
e depth required
f stem at base
d
d
D
e depth provided
tension steel is given by
d
AtReq
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
einforcement
mm dia steel at
mm dia bar area
0.138 Fck bd2

0.138 x 30 x 1000 d2
22811.6
151 mm
450 mm
32 mm
25 mm
409 mm
0.36 fck b Xm
0.87 Fy
0.36 x 30 x 1000 x 0.48 x 409
0.87 x 500
2
4874 mm /m
160 mm c/c
As
AtPro
=
=
=
803.84 mm
1000 As/Ast Req
1000 x 803.84 / 4874
=
Say
164.92 mm
160 mm

Ast Pro =
=
1000 As/S
1000 x 803.84 / 160
2
=
5024 mm /m
HENCE SAFE
ution Reinforcement
mm dia steel at
At
At
0.12 %
160 mm c/c
=
=
>
0.785 x 10 x 10 / 160 / 409 x 100

0.12 %
0.12 %
2
shear strength of M 30
c
=
0.54 N/mm
ical section for shear strength is taken at a distance d from the bottom stem
Shear force
V
h
V
Vu
v
l Shear stress
1/2 Ca h2 cos
3.4 - 0.409
2.991 m
42.99 kN
1.5 x 42.99
64.485 kN
Vu/bd
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
ad of foundation
D
0.991 Critical Shear
509
1500
=
0.16 N/mm
>
v
HENCE OK
=
=
=
=
=
=
11.66 kN/m
600 mm
75 mm
32 mm
600 - 75 - 16
509 mm
2.459
509
450
2200
2
9.93 Kn/m
Kn/m2
92.848
54.316
Vu
Mu
=
=
93.35 kN
105.84 kN.m
2
0.138 Fck bd
B.M
=
Using partial factor of 1.5 on the horizontal earth pressure
1.5 x 105.84 x 1000000
=
0.138 x 30 x 1000 d2
Ast Req
d2
d
d
=
=
=
=
38347.8
196 mm
509 mm
Mu
0.87 x Fy x d ( 1 - 0.42 x 0.46)
158.76 x 1000000
0.87 x 500 x 509 x 0.8068
888.73 mm
200.96 mm
1000 x 200.96 / 888.73
226.12 mm say
225 mm
1000 As/S
1000 x 200.96 / 225
893.16 mm
Ast Req
mm dia bars "As"
of bars " S " = 1000 As/Ast Req
=
=
=
=
d steel reinforcement
Ast Pro =
=
=
HENCE SAFE
l Shear stress
c
Vu
v
c
ad of foundation
rcharge load
Vu
Mu
=
=
=
=
0.54 N/mm
1.5 x 93.35
140.025 kN
Vu/bd
2
=
0.28 N/mm
>
v
HENCE OK
=
=
=
=
11.66
187
351.69
410.14
kN/m
kN/m
kN
kN.m
0.138 Fck bd2

B.M
=
Using partial factor of 1.5 on the horizontal earth pressure
1.5 x 410.14 x 1000000

2

Ast Req
d
d
d
0.138 x 30 x 1000 d2
=
=
=
=
148601
385 mm
509 mm
Mu
0.87 x Fy x d ( 1 - 0.42 x 0.46)
615.21 x 1000000
0.87 x 500 x 509 x 0.8068
3443.9 mm
803.84 mm
1000 x 803.84 / 3443.9
233.41 mm say
230 mm
1000 As/S
1000 x 803.84 / 230
3494.96 mm
Ast Req
mm dia bars "As"
of bars " S " = 1000 As/Ast Req
=
=
=
=
d steel reinforcement
Ast Pro =
=
=
HENCE SAFE
l Shear stress
c
Vu
v
c
=
=
=
=
0.54 N/mm
1.5 x 351.69
527.535 kN
Vu/bd
=
>
v
UNSAFE
1.04 N/mm
cos 10 0.98481
cos 22 0.92718
0
0.991
118.86
92.848
1.5
79.488
1.95
2.459
4.15
67.676
54.316
9.93

RCC Retaining WallS

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RCC Retaining WallS

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Design of RCC Retaining Wall

Safe bearing capacity of foundation soil

Overall depth of wall " D "

Overall depth of slab " D "

0.5 x 0.9 x 7.621 x 1 x 25

4.5 + 1.2 x 0.5 x 0.4 x 1 x 25

Leaverarm from point c

Magnitude of the load in kN

i. Check for bearing pressure

ii. Factor of safety against overturning

Overturning moment about d

Factor of safety against overturning

iii. Factor of safety against sliding

Factor of safety against sliding

iv. Design of the stem/wall

Factroed B.M "M"

Effective depth required " d "

1.5 x 1026.89 x 1000000

Bending Moment Calculation of the toe slab

Magnitude of the load in kN

Deduct dead load

Factroed B.M "M"

Effective depth required " d "

1.5 x 82.68 x 1000000

Bending Moment Calculation of the heel slab

Magnitude of the load in kN

Weight of heel slab

Deduct for upward

Deduct for upward

B.M for heel slab

Factroed B.M "M"

Hence provide effective depth

Effective depth required " d "

1.5 x 598.59936 x 1000000

Safe horizontal soil pressure

Maximum bending moment for the key

Thickness of shear key proposed

Overall width " D "

Factroed B.M "M"

Effective depth required " d "

1.5 x 52.3 x 1000000

Safe bearing capacity of foundation

Leaverarm from point c

Leaverarm from point c

ii. Factor of safety against overtu

Resisting moment about d

Factor of safety against overturning

iii. Factor of safety against slidin

iv. Check for bearing pressure

Horizontal component of pressure

Bending moment at base of the ver

Considering 1 m width of the vertic

Using partial factor of 1.5 on the ho

Effective depth required

Provided steel reinforcem

Check for shear

The shear strength of M

Factored shear force

vi. Design of toe

Using partial factor of 1.

Effective depth required

Check for shear

vii. Design of heel

Using partial factor of 1.