CellSignalingWebquest

Part1:DroppingSignals

Describehowthesesignalsaffecttheselectedcells.

Light

NitricOxide

Cytokine/Growth
Factor

Hormone

Photoreceptors generatessignal lightadaptation noresponse

toneighboring adjuststo
cell,relaysto
brightness
brain

noresponse

Muscle

noresponse

takesup
nutrientsfrom
nearbyblood
vessel

Cancer

damagesDNA, apoptosis
rapidgrowthand
causesmutation (programmedcell division
thatmayresult death)
inrapidgrowth
anddivision

becomes
unstuckfrom
neighbors,
migratinginto
bloodvesseland
invadesother
tissue

Leaf
Parenchyma

photosynthesis, cellgrowthand
convertswater division
andcarbon
dioxidetosugar

noresponse

Fibroblast

noresponse

causescellsto
relax

celldivision

noresponse

celldifferentiation, dividing,moving
intomyofibroblast
(similartomuscle
cell)

PartII:WhenCellCommunicationGoesWrong

producingand
releasing
proteins,forms
gluetoholdcell
intissuetogether

ReadingExample

Losingthesignal

typeIdiabetes:pancreaticcellslost,insulin Addisonsdisease:adrenal
signallost,fatcellscannotstoresugar,sugar glandsdonotproduce
accumulatestotoxiclevelsinblood
sufficientsteroid
hormones,signalslost,
problemsinmetabolism,
immunesystem,etc.

Whenasignal
doesntreachits
target

multiplesclerosis:protectivewrappingaround
nervecellsdestroyed,nervecellcannottransmit
signal

Whenthetarget
ignoresthesignal

typeIIdiabetes:cellsloseabilitytorespondto
insulin,highbloodsugarlevels

Toomuchsignal

stroke:blockageformsinbloodvessel,cutsoff
bloodflowtopartofbrain,immediatedeathof
nearbybraincells,dyingcellsreleaselarge
amountofsignalingmoleculeglutamate,toxicto
cells,excitotoxicityspreadsthroughbrainand
killscells,widespreadbraindamage

Multiple
breakdowns

cancer:acellgainsabilitytogrowanddivide
withoutsignal,losesabilitytorespondtodeath
signals,uncontrollablecelldivision,bloodvessel
growth,additionalsignalsallowspreadtoother
partsofbody

PartIII:TheInsideStoryofCellCommunication

Read,watchandsummarize(sketchthecell).

NewExamplefindone
inanycategory

Cellcommunicationincludesthereleaseofdifferentmoleculesincludinghormonesandligandsthat
activatedifferentcellstoproduceasignal.Thissignalisusuallythephosphorylationcascadethat
amplifiesandinducesthesignalfromcalciumchannels.

PartIV:FightorFlightResponseuseboththe3Danimationandlearnmorereading

1.ExplainhowepinephrineisreleasedintothebloodstreamstartingwhenthebraindetectsDANGER.

Whenthebraindetectsdanger,themedullaisinchargeofmakingepinephrinetomakesomeofthe
smallerbloodvesselscloseupwhileitmakesthebloodvesselsintheliverandtheskeletalmuscles
widertocreatebetterbloodflow

2.Makealistofhowepinephrineaffectsdifferentcellsofthebodyindifferentways.

Sugarlevelinbloodincreases,musclesandliverfunctionatitshighestability,higherrateofheart
contraction.