2G Spectrum Scam: The Full Story .. To Becontinued

2G Spectrum Scam: The Full Story ..
To Becontinued
The buzz about 2G scam is witnessed over the last four years since 2008. It is the biggest
scam ever taken place in India. The murmurs about Radia, A. Raja, Barkha Dutt, Ambani, P.
Chidambaram, etc is all heard but still many are confused and striving to find out what is 2G
scam and how it took place. Well help all those audiences to could not understand the2G
scam. What is 2G spectrum? 2G spectrum is about number portability that allows users to
change their service provider by retaining the original number. The snapshots of 2G scam are
as follows:
In 2007, A Raja (Minister of Communication & Information Technology) said that

there will be no auction for 2G spectrum unlike 3G & Winmax as recommended by
TRAI.
2008 witnessed the segregation between 2G & 3G revenue mechanisms. COAIDirector General TV Ramachandran said that 3G will be acquired through an open
auction to experience the benefits of broadband throughout the nation. For 2G
spectrum A Raja followed the first come first serve approach whereas DOT
announced that it would accept the application for the same after October 1, 2007. But
the applications accepted were those which were submitted before this date. Many
companies did not get the spectrum because of the confusion about the cut-off
date. There was something fishy here thats why Telecom Ministry opposed 2G
spectrum auction because it would have demanded transparency. In lieu of which
nearly 60million mobile subscribers could not be verified in India.
In 2010, Opposition alleged Congress led UPA government with the corruption
related to 2G Scam. A. Raja lost his position in the cabinet reshuffle by PM,
Manmohan Singh. CAG blamed A. Raja for violating the policies in handling 2G
spectrum resulting in Rs. 1.39 trillion which was double then the former CAG report
submitted to Supreme Court. With the relentless opposition pressure A Raja had to
resign since he was scanned under the investigation of CBI demanded by Supreme
Court. The battles between the corporations & the political parties took place during
this year.
In 2011, Kapil Sibbal was given the responsibility to further handle the scam. On
February 02, 2011 A Raja was arrested by CBI causing a loss of Rs. 22000 crore. He
was sent to Tihar Jail for 14 days under the judicial custody. CBI questioned DMK
chief M Karunanidhis daughter Kanimozhi & his wife Dayallu Ammal on transfer of
money from Cineyug to Kalainagar TV. They both share80% stake in it. Supreme
Court asked DOT to explain the first come first service in detail. On March 22, 2011
A. Raja, Sharad Kumar (Kalainagar TVs managing director) , Shahid Balwa were
arrested by CBI under the first charge sheet. The second charge sheet accused several
others including Kanimozhi. In May, BJPs accusation demanded CBI to investigate P.
Chidambrams role in the 2G scam. Pranab Mukherjee analyzed the scam & passed a
letter to the Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh, asking P. Chidambarams resignation
stating his direct involvement in the 2G scam. PMs speechlessness is shocking to the
nation since the controversial note of 2G framed by officials passed though PMO i.e.
Prime Ministers office.
The 2G Scam is the scam about the short fall of money that was supposed to be 39 billion
dollar. Three major parties involved were Politicians, Corporations & Media. Politicians role
we have already discussed.
Medias Role in 2G Scam:
Nira Radias conversation with politicians and corporations was recorded & leaked. Barkha
Dutt, NDTV Jounalist, was also found in the conspiracy threaded by A Raja. Vir Sanghavi,
HTs editor was also accused for writing articles reducing blame on Nira Radia.
Corporations in 2G Scam:
Unitech Group (real estate company), Swan Telecom, Loop Mobile, Videocon Telecom, S Tel
and eliance Communications had louder indulgence in the scam.
TRANSACTION DETAILS
A Raja sold 2G spectrum to Swan Telecom @ Rs. 1537 crore in turn Swan sold 45%
of its stake to Etisalat @ Rs. 4200 crore.
A Raja sold 2G spectrum to Unitech Group @ Rs. 1661 crore in turn Swan sold 60%
of its stake to Etisalat @ Rs. 6200 crore.
These companies made a collective bribe to Ministery of Communication & IT @ Rs.

10, 772 core.
The total money loss expected by CAG is Rs. 1, 76, 700 crore.
The above story is the composition of 2G scam.

New Delhi: The latest revelations on the 2G scam suggest a careful confluence between the
Telecom Ministry, when it was headed by A Raja, and a series of big business houses.
"85 of the 122 licenses were issued to companies which suppressed facts, disclosed
incomplete information and submitted fictitious documents to DoT and thus used fraudulent
means of getting licenses and thereby access to spectrum" -this is one of the more biting
conclusions of the report prepared by the government's auditor, the Comptroller and Auditor
General (CAG). (Read: Report Highlights) | (Watch: CAG explains 2G report) | ( Read: Full
text of report)
The report - which was leaked to the media last week and forced Raja's resignation - was
tabled in Parliament today. It is unflinching in its indictment of Raja, blaming him for
violating guidelines, indulging in favouritism and costing the government Rs. 1.76 lakh
crores by giving away 2G spectrumn in 2008 at bargain basement prices to inexperienced
new players. (Read: What is the 2G spectrum scam?) | (Who is A Raja?)
The CAG report says Raja ignored the suggestions of the Law Ministry, the Finance Ministry,
and even the Prime Minister. "The PM had stressed on the need for a fair and transparent
allocation of spectrum..... Brushing aside the advice, the Department of Telecom (DoT) in
2008 proceeded to issue licenses for 2G spectrum at 2001 prices, flouting all rules and
procedures." (Report Highlights) | (Read: CAG must ensure fair reports, says PM | Full text)
Companies that benefited from Raja's twisted rules include Reliance Telecom (owned by Anil
Ambani), which was allocated spectrum ahead of the others. The Department of Telecom, the
report says, "did not follow its own practise of first-come first-served in letter and spirit."
The report also states that Swan Telecom was given undue advantage, and that it served
effectively as a front for Reliance. The charges in the CAG report are that Swan should not
have been considered for a license because Reliance Communications held 10.71% stake in
Swan - and according to the rules, a telecom operator cannot own more than 10% stake in
another telecom company operating in the same service area . Reliance Telcom issued a
statement this evening that declares it did not have any shareholding in Swan when the
license was granted (the CAG report's allegation is that Reliance owned stake when Swan
applied for the license).
Swan's application should have been rejected initially by DoT, says the report.
The CAG report says that nine companies got more spectrum than stated in their contracts.
They include Bharti, Vodafone, Idea, BSNL, Reliance, and Aircel.
CAG indicts Unitech Wireless
Another big beneficiary of the 2G spectrum allocation was Unitech Wireless, which had no
experience in the telecommunication sector.
After Unitech got the license for a throwaway price of Rs. 1,661 crore, it sold 60 per cent
stake to Telenor Asia for a whopping Rs. 6,200 crore.
In its report, CAG indicts Unitech saying the high value paid by Telenor was for the 2G
spectrum, and not for other inputs as claimed by Unitech. It also says that such huge equity
infusion, which should have accrued to the public exchequer, went as a favour to the new
licensees for enriching their business.
Speaking to NDTV, the telecom giant Telenor said that its investment in Unitech Wireless
conformed to all regulations. (Watch)
The political crisis continues
The stand-off between the government and the Opposition over 2G scam continues. The
Opposition wants a Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC) to investigate the 2G scam. The
government has said there is no question of agreeing to this. (2G scam: Opposition chants 'we
want JPC'; No, says Government)
Parliament has not functioned at all this winter session - the Opposition says it won't let the
House get to work till a JPC is announced. (Watch: Let the law take its course, says A Raja)
There were loud and angry scenes in Parliament once again today - the Lok Sabha has been
adjourned till Thursday, since tomorrow is a national holiday for Eid.
A lunch meeting with Opposition leaders called by Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee to try
and end the deadlock, has ended without a breakthrough. Mukherjee, who also met senior
BJP leader LK Advani at the latter's Parliament office earlier, emerged from the lunch
meeting to say, "We are for discussion. No solution has been found yet. They want a JPC."
(Read: No breakthrough at Pranab's lunch meet)
Read more at: http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/2g-scam-how-raja-allegedly-robbed-india66769&cp
2G spectrum scam
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The 2G spectrum scandal involved officials in the government of India illegally

undercharging mobile telephony companies for frequency allocation licenses, which they
would use to create 2G subscriptions for cell phones. The shortfall between the money
collected and the money which the law mandated to be collected is estimated to be 176,645
crore (US$38.86 billion) as valued by Comptroller and Auditor General of India based on 3G
and BWA spectrum auction prices which held in 2010.[1] However the exact loss is disputed,
Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) pegged the loss at 30,984.55 crore (US$6.82 billion)
in its first charge sheet filed on 2 April 2011,[2] whereas Telecom Regulatory Authority of
India in a response to CBI's query said that the Govt. has actually gained 3,000 crore
(US$660 million) by selling the spectrum.[2] Kapil Sibal, minister for communications & IT,
said in a press conference that there was no loss caused by selling 2G licenses.[3] However in
September 2011, CBI argued before the Supreme Court that it was unsafe to read a "no loss"
conclusion in the telecom regulator's calculations on irregular spectrum allotment as the
methodology adopted admittedly did not take into account the market mechanism.[4] All the
speculations of profit, loss and no-loss were put to rest when on 2 February 2012 the
Supreme Court of India delivered judgement. The Supreme Court declared the allotment of
spectrum as "unconstitutional and arbitrary" and quashed all the 122 licenses issued during
tenure of A. Raja, the main accused in the 2G scam case.[5] The court further said that A. Raja
"wanted to favour some companies at the cost of the public exchequer" and "virtually gifted
away important national asset".[6]
The issuing of licenses occurred in 2008, but the scam came to public notice when the Indian
Income Tax Department was investigating political lobbyist Nira Radia. The government's
investigation and the government's reactions to the findings in the investigation were the
subject of debate, as were the nature of the Indian media's reactions. Much of the credit of
bringing this whole scam into the public light (by pursuing it in the court of law) goes to
Subramanian Swamy who is the chief petitioner for this case in the court of law.[7][8]
In 2011, Time magazine listed the scam at number two on their Top 10 Abuses of Power list
(just behind the Watergate scandal).[9][10][11]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Parties accused of involvement
o
2.1 Politicians accused
2.2 Bureaucrats accused
2.3 Corporate executives accused
2.4 Film and entertainment persons accused
2.5 Corporations accused
2.6 Media persons' dubious role
3 Chronology of events and investigation
4 Licenses quashed
o
4.1 Telecom companies affected by cancellation of licenses
4.2 After effects of Supreme Court's verdict
5 Response to scam
6 External links
7 See also
8 References
[edit] Background
India is divided into 22 telecoms zones and there are a total 281 zonal licences in the market.
[12]
According to the telecom policy of India, when a licence is allotted to an operator some
start-up spectrum is bundled along with it.[13] The policy does not have a provision for
auctioning the spectrum.[14] In year 2008, 122 new second generation (2G) Universal Access
Service (UAS) licenses were given to telecom companies at the price of 2001 and on first
come first serve basis. As per the chargesheet filled by Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
several rules were violated and bribes were paid to favour certain firms while awarding 2G
spectrum licenses. The audit report of Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) says
that several licenses were issued to firms with no prior experience in the telecom sector or
were ineligible or had suppressed relevant facts.[12] In November 2007 Prime Minister of
India Dr Manmohan Singh had written a letter to telecom minister A. Raja directing him to
ensure allotment of 2G spectrum in a fair and transparent manner and to ensure license fee
was properly revised. Raja wrote back to the Prime Minister rejecting many of his
recommendations.[15]. In the same month Ministry of Finance wrote a letter to Department of
Telecommunications (DOT) raising concerns over the procedure adopted by it[15] but DOT
went ahead with its plan of giving 2G licenses. It preponed the cut-off date to 25 September,
from 1 October 2007.[15] Later on the same day, DoT posted an announcement on its website
saying those who apply between 3.30 and 4.30 pm on that very day would be issued licences
in accordance with the said policy.[15] Companies like Unitech & Swan Telecom got licenses
without any prior telecom experience.[14] Swan Telecom got the license even though it did not
meet eligibility criteria.[14] Swan got license for 1,537 crore (US$338.14 million) and then it
sold 45% stake to UAE based company Etisalat for 4,200 crore (US$924 million).[14]
Unitech Wireless, a subsidiary of the Unitech Group, got license for 1,661 crore (US$365.42
million) and later sold 60% stake for 6,200 crore (US$1.36 billion) to Norway based
company Telenor.[14]
Following is the list of companies who got the 122 2G licenses during the tenure of A. Raja
as Telecom Minister.[16][17] (The licenses were later quashed by Supreme Court)[18][19]
Name of
Company
Telecom regions for

which license was
granted
Haryana, Himachal
Pradesh, Jammu &
Adonis Projects
Kashmir, Punjab,
Pvt. Ltd.
Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh
(East)
Numbe
r of
license
grante
d
Nahan
Properties Pvt.
Ltd.
Assam, Bihar, North East,

Orissa, Uttar Pradesh
6
(East), West Bengal
Aska Projects
Ltd.
Andhra Pradesh, Kerala,

Karnataka
Volga
Properties Pvt.
Ltd.
Gujarat, Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra
Azure
Properties Ltd.
Kolkata
Hudson
Properties
Delhi
Tamil Nadu (including

Chennai)
Unitech
Builders &
Estates Pvt.
Ltd.
Remarks
Adonis Projects, Nahan Properties,

Aska Projects, Volga Properties,
Azare Properties & Hudson
Properties were acquired by Unitech.
Unitech Infrastructure and Unitech
Builders & Estates were already
subsidiaries of Unitech Group. So in
2008 Unitech had 22 2G licenses.
Later in the same year Norway
based company Telenor bought
majority stake in the telecom
company from the Unitech Group.
Now it offers services under Uninor
brand holding 22 pan India licences.
Unitech
Infrastructures
Pvt. Ltd.
Mumbai
Loop Telecom
Pvt. Ltd.
Bihar, Gujarat, Himachal,

Pradesh, Kerala, Kolkata,
Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar
Pradesh (East), Uttar
Pradesh (West), West
Bengal, Andhra Pradesh,
Delhi, Haryana,
21
Karnataka, Maharashtra,
Orissa, Tamil Nadu
(including Chennai),
Assam, Jammu &
Kashmir, Madhya
Pradesh, North East
Datacom
Solutions Pvt.
Ltd.
Andhra Pradesh, Assam,

Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana,
Himachal Pradesh,
Jammu & Kashmir,
Karnataka, Kerala,
Kolkata, Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra,
North East, Orissa,
Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu
Uttar Pradesh (East),
Uttar Pradesh (West),
West Bengal, Delhi,
Mumbai
21
Madhya Pradesh, Kerala,

Kolkata, Punjab, Uttar
Pradesh (East), Uttar
Pradesh (West), West
Bengal, Andhra Pradesh,
Shyam Telelink
Delhi, Haryana,
Limited
Karnataka, Maharashtra,
Orissa, Tamil Nadu
Assam, Jammu &
Kashmir, North East
17
Shyani Telelink
Limited
Mumbai, Bihar, Gujarat,

Himachal Pradesh
Operates under brand name

Videocon Telecommunications
Limited
Shyam Telelink Limited & Shyani

Telelink Limited operate together
with their combined 21 licenses.
During late 2008 Russia based
group Sistema bought majority
stake in the telecom company and
now they operate under brand name
MTS India.
Swan Telecom
Pvt. Ltd.
Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat,

Haryana, Karnataka,
Kerala, Maharashtra,
Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil
13
Nadu (including
Chennai), Uttar Pradesh
(East), Uttar Pradesh
(West), Delhi, Mumbai
Allianz
Infratech (P)
Ltd.
Bihar, Madhya Pradesh
Idea Cellular
Assam, Punjab,
Karnataka, Jammu and
Kashmir, North East,
Kolkata, West Bengal,
Orissa, Tamil Nadu
(including Chennai)
Spice
Communicatio
ns Ltd.
Delhi, Andhra Pradesh,

Haryana, Maharashtra
S Tel
Tata
Teleservices
Assam, Jammu and

Kashmir, Orissa, North
East, Bihar, Himachal
Pradesh
Jammu and Kashmir,

Assam, North East
In 2008, Swan Telecom merged itself

with Allianz Infratech (P) Ltd. During
late 2008 Abu Dhabi's Etisalat
bought about 45 percent of the
company and renamed it to Etisalat
DB Telecom
Idea Cellular bought Spice

Communications Ltd. in 2008 for an
amount of 2,700 crore (US$594
million).[20] So out of 122 spectrum
licenses sold in 2008 Idea Cellular
owns 13 licenses
In January 2009, Bahrain

Telecommunications signed a deal
with S Tel to buy 49% shares in S Tel
for $225 million. C Sivasankaran
owns the remaining (51%) share.[21]
[22]
. In May 2009, Sahara Group
bought 11.7% stake in S Tel[23]
In late 2008 promoters of Tata

Teleservices sold 26% equity stake
to a Japanese telecom giant NTT
Docomo for about 13,070 crore
(US$2.88 billion) or an enterprise
value of 50,269 crore (US$11.06
billion).[24]
[edit] Parties accused of involvement

The selling of the licenses brought attention to three groups of entities politicians and
bureaucrats who had the authority to sell licenses, corporations who were buying the licenses
and media professionals who mediated between the politicians and the corporations.
[edit] Politicians accused
Politicians named as accused in the chargesheet filed by CBI in the Special CBI Court
,allegations levelled against them by CBI and charges framed against them by the Special
CBI court.[25][26][27][28]
A. Raja :
o Political career - Political party DMK, 4 times MP, present constituency
Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, former Union Minister of State (Rural Development 1999), former Union Minister of State (Health and Family Welfare - 2003),
former Union Cabinet Minister (Environment & Forests - 2004), former
Union Cabinet Minister (Communication and Information Technology - 2007
& 2009)[29][30][31][32]
o
Allegation - In a joint investigation report prepared by Central Bureau of

Investigation (CBI) and Enforcement Directorate (ED) the agencies allege
that A.Raja could have received 3,000 crore (US$660 million) as bribe for
bringing forward the cut-off date for applications for spectrum from the
initial 1 October 2007 to 25 September 2007.[33][34] The deadline switch
eliminated many applications, enabling Raja to favour a few with
spectrum.[33][34] The agencies also alleged that he used bank accounts
under his wife's name in Mauritius and Seychelles to chanelise the
kickbacks he received.[35] A chargesheet filed by CBI alleges that Raja
conspired with the accused, subverted the first-come first-served (FCFS)
policy and waywardly redefined it to ensure that Swan and Unitech got 2G
licences.[36] He didnt auction the 2G spectrum or adopt some other
market-determined methodology to determine its real valuation and
instead benchmarked it to a rate discovered in 2001, when the telecom
sector was at a nascent stage.[36]
Charges - Criminal breach of trust by a public servant under section 409,

criminal conspiracy under section 120-B, cheating under section 420 &
forgery under sections 468 and 471. Booked under the Prevention of
Corruption Act for accepting illegal gratification.[25][37][38]
Status - Taken into custody (arrested) by CBI on 2 February 2011[39] and

lodged in Tihar Jail since then (as of February 2012)[40] Never applied for
bail.[41][40] As of February 2012, trial is being conducted in Special CBI Court.
[42]
M. K. Kanimozhi :
o
Political career - Daughter of 5 time Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu M.

Karunanidhi. Political party DMK. She is an MP, representing Tamil Nadu in
the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of Indian Parliament). [43][44]
Allegation - As per the chargesheet filed by CBI Kanimozhi has 20% stake
in her family owned Kalaignar TV, her step-mother Dayalu Ammal owns
60% stake in the same channel.[45] CBI alleges that Kanimozhi was an
"active brain" behind the channel's operations[45] and she worked along
with former telecom minister A. Raja to get DB Realty promoter Shahid
Balwa to circuitously route 200 crore (US$44 million) to Kalaignar TV.[46]
According to CBI, Kanimozhi was in regular touch with A Raja regarding
launching of Kalaignar TV channel and its other pending works. [46] CBI
alleges that A Raja was further pursuing the cause of Kalaignar TV not only
for getting registration of the company from Ministry of Information and
Broadcasting but also for getting it in the DTH operator TATA Sky's
bouquet.[46]
Charges - Criminal conspiracy to cause criminal breach of trust by a public

servant, criminal conspiracy under section 120-B, cheating under section
420 & forgery under sections 468 and 471. Booked under the Prevention of
Corruption Act.[25][37].
Status - Taken into custody (arrested) by CBI on 20 May 2011.[47][48]

Granted bail on 28 November 2011 after spending 188 days in judicial
custody.[49][50] As of February 2012, trial is being conducted in Special CBI
Court.[42]
[edit] Bureaucrats accused
Bureaucrats named as accused in the chargesheet filed by CBI in the Special CBI Court,
allegations levelled against them by CBI and charges framed against them by the Special CBI
court.[25][26][27][28]
Siddharth Behura :
o Designation - Telecom Secretary when licenses were granted. [25][51]
o
Allegation - According to the chargesheet filed by CBI, Behura conspired

with A. Raja & several other accused. CBI alleges that when the application
deadline time was declared as between 3:30 PM to 4:30 PM, Behura
allegedly shut counters to physically block other telecom companies. [14]
Charges - Criminal breach of trust by a public servant under section 409,

criminal conspiracy under section 120-B, cheating under section 420 &
forgery under sections 468 and 471. Booked under the Prevention of
Corruption Act for accepting illegal gratification.[25][52]
Status - Taken into custody (arrested) by CBI on 2 February 2011[39] and

lodged in Tihar jail since then (as of early February 2012).[53] Applied for
bail a number of times but every time bail got rejected.[53] As of February
2012, trial is being conducted in Special CBI Court. [42]
RK Chandolia :
o
Designation Raja's private secretary when licenses were granted. [25][54]
Allegation - As per the charsheet filed by CBI, like Behura, Chandolia too
conspired with A. Raja and several other accused. The agency alleges that
when the application deadline time was declared as between 3:30 PM to
4:30 PM, Chandolia along with Behura allegedly shut counters to physically
block other telecom companies.[14]

servant, criminal conspiracy under section 120 B, cheating under section
Corruption Act[25]
Status - Taken into custody (arrested) by CBI on 2 February 2011.[39]

Granted bail by the special CBI court 1 December 2011 but on 2 December
2011 High Court took suo motu notice of newspaper reports of the bail
granted to Chandolia and stayed it.[53] Chandolia appealed against High
Court order in Supreme Court and on 2 January 2012 the apex court
extended interim stay on High Court's order. [55] As of February 2012, trial is
being conducted in Special CBI Court.[42]
[edit] Corporate executives accused
Corporates named as accused in the chargesheet filed by CBI in the Special Court and
charges framed against them by the Special CBI court.[25][26][27][28]
Sanjay Chandra
o Designation - Former MD, Unitech Wireless[25]
o

Corruption Act[25]
Status - Taken into custody by CBI on 20 April 2011,[56][57] granted bail on

24 November 2011.[58] As of February 2012, trial is being conducted in
Special CBI Court.[42]
Gautam Doshi :
o
Designation - Group MD, Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group[25]

Corruption Act[25]
Status - Taken into custody by CBI on 20 April 2011,[56] granted bail on 24

November 2011.[58] As of February 2012, trial is being conducted in Special
CBI Court.[42]
Hari Nair :
o
Designation - Senior Vice-President, Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani

Group[25]

420 & forgery under sections 468 and 471.Booked under the Prevention of
Corruption Act[25]

CBI Court.[42]
Surendra Pipara :
o
Designation - Senior vice- President, Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani

Group[25]

Corruption Act[25]

November 2011.[58]As of February 2012, trial is being conducted in Special
CBI Court.[42]
Vinod Goenka :
o
Designation - Promoter and Managing Director, DB Realty & Swan

Telecom[25]

servant, criminal conspiracy under section 120 B, cheating under section
420, forgery under sections 468 and 471, fabrication of evidence under
section 193. Booked under the Prevention of Corruption Act[25]

November 2011.[58]As of February 2012, trial is being conducted in Special
CBI Court.[42]
Shahid Balwa :
o
Designation Promoter, DB Realty & Swan Telecom[25]

servant Criminal conspiracy under section 120-B, cheating under section
420, forgery under sections 468 and 471 & fabrication of evidence under
section 193. Booked under the Prevention of Corruption Act.[25]
Status - Taken into custody by CBI on 8 February 2011,[59] granted bail on

29 November 2011.[60]As of February 2012, trial is being conducted in
Asif Balwa (younger brother of Shahid Balwa) :

o
Designation Director, Kusegaon Fruits and Vegetables[25]

section 193. Booked under Prevention of Corruption Act[25]
Status - Taken into custody by CBI on 29 March 2011,[61] granted bail on

Rajiv Agarwal :
o
Designation - Director, Kusegaon Fruits and Vegetables[25]

Status - Taken into custody by CBI on 29 March 2011,[61] granted bail on

Sharath Kumar
o
Designation Managing Director, Kalaignar TV[25]

o
Status - Taken into custody by CBI on 20 May 2011,[63] granted bail on 28

CBI Court.[42]
Ravi Ruia :
o
Designation - Vice Chairman, Essar Group[25]
Charges - Criminal conspiracy under section 120 B & cheating under

section 420 of Indian Penal Code.[25]
Status - Not taken into custody as yet.[65] As of February 2012, trial is

Anshuman Ruia :
o
Designation - Diector, Essar Group[25]


Vikas Saraf :
o
Designation - Director for strategy and planning, Essar Group[25]


IP Khaitan :
o
Designation - Promotor, Loop Telecom[25]


Kiran Khaitan :
o
Designation - Promotor, Loop Telecom[25]


[edit] Film and entertainment persons accused

Karim Morani :
Designation - (Promoter and Director, Cineyug Films)[25]
Allegation - In the chargesheet filed by CBI the agency alleged that Karim
Morani owned Cineyug Films was a part of the circuitous route used by
another accuse Shahid Balwa to transfer illegal gratification[67] of 200
crore (US$44 million) to Kalaignar TV of which Kanimozhi, was a director.[67]
According to the chargesheet, Shahid Balwa and Vinod Goenka, promoters
of DB Realty transferred 209.25 crore (US$46.04 million) to Kusegaon
Fruits and Vegetables of which Shahid Balwa's younger brother Asif Balwa
was a director.[67][68] Kusegaon Fruits & Vegetables then transferred a sum
of 200 crore (US$44 million) to Cineyug Films whose promoter Karim
Morani transferred it to Kalaignar TV[67]

section 193. Booked under the Prevention of Corruption Act[25]
Status - Taken into custody by CBI on 30 May 2011,[69] granted bail on 28

CBI Court.[42]
[edit] Corporations accused
Companies named in the chargesheet filed by Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) in the
Special court and charges framed against them.[25][27][28][26]
Unitech Wireless :
o Charges - Criminal conspiracy to cause criminal breach of trust by a public
Corruption Act.[25]
o
Status - As of February 2012, trial is being conducted in Special CBI Court.

[42]
Reliance Telecom :
o

420, forgery under sections 468 and 471. Booked under the Prevention of
Corruption Act[25]

[42]
Swan Telecom :
o

420, forgery under sections 468 and 471. Booked under the Prevention of
Corruption Act[25]

[42]
Other companies named in the chargesheet are:[70][71][72]
Loop Telecom Pvt Ltd

Loop Mobile India Ltd
Essar Tele Holding
Essar (Parent group of Essar Tele Holding)
[edit] Media persons' dubious role
Main article : Radia tapes controversy

Media sources such as OPEN and Outlook reported that two senior journalists Barkha Dutt
(Group Editor of NDTV) and Vir Sanghvi (Editorial Director of Hindustan Times) knew that
corporate lobbyist Nira Radia was influencing the decisions of appointment of telecom
minister. Radia wanted A Raja to be made telecom minister.[73]The two magazines made
public the telephone conversations between Nira Radia, Barkha Dutt & Vir Sanghvi.[74][75]
Radia's phones were being tapped by Income Tax department. Critics allege that Barkha Dutt
and Vir Sanghvi knew about nexus between government and the media industry but still they
supported this corrupt activity and suppressed news reporting the discovery of the corrupt
practice.[73] However these people were not named as accused in the chargesheet filed by CBI.

2G Spectrum Scam: The Full Story .. To Becontinued

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2G Spectrum Scam: The Full Story ..

In 2007, A Raja (Minister of Communication & Information Technology) said that

These companies made a collective bribe to Ministery of Communication & IT @ Rs.

The above story is the composition of 2G scam.

(Read: No breakthrough at Pranab's lunch meet)

Read more at: http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/2g-scam-how-raja-allegedly-robbed-india66769&cp

The 2G spectrum scandal involved officials in the government of India illegally

2.1 Politicians accused

2.2 Bureaucrats accused

2.3 Corporate executives accused

2.4 Film and entertainment persons accused

2.5 Corporations accused

2.6 Media persons' dubious role

3 Chronology of events and investigation

4.1 Telecom companies affected by cancellation of licenses

4.2 After effects of Supreme Court's verdict

Telecom regions for

Assam, Bihar, North East,

Andhra Pradesh, Kerala,

Tamil Nadu (including

Adonis Projects, Nahan Properties,

Bihar, Gujarat, Himachal,

Andhra Pradesh, Assam,

Madhya Pradesh, Kerala,

Mumbai, Bihar, Gujarat,

Operates under brand name

Shyam Telelink Limited & Shyani

Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat,

Bihar, Madhya Pradesh

Delhi, Andhra Pradesh,

Assam, Jammu and

Jammu and Kashmir,

In 2008, Swan Telecom merged itself

Idea Cellular bought Spice

In January 2009, Bahrain

In late 2008 promoters of Tata

[edit] Parties accused of involvement

[edit] Politicians accused

Allegation - In a joint investigation report prepared by Central Bureau of

Charges - Criminal breach of trust by a public servant under section 409,

Status - Taken into custody (arrested) by CBI on 2 February 2011[39] and

Political career - Daughter of 5 time Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu M.

Charges - Criminal conspiracy to cause criminal breach of trust by a public

Status - Taken into custody (arrested) by CBI on 20 May 2011.[47][48]

[edit] Bureaucrats accused

Allegation - According to the chargesheet filed by CBI, Behura conspired

Charges - Criminal breach of trust by a public servant under section 409,

Status - Taken into custody (arrested) by CBI on 2 February 2011[39] and

Designation Raja's private secretary when licenses were granted. [25][54]

Charges - Criminal conspiracy to cause criminal breach of trust by a public

Status - Taken into custody (arrested) by CBI on 2 February 2011.[39]

[edit] Corporate executives accused

Charges - Criminal conspiracy to cause criminal breach of trust by a public

Status - Taken into custody by CBI on 20 April 2011,[56][57] granted bail on

Designation - Group MD, Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group[25]

Charges - Criminal conspiracy to cause criminal breach of trust by a public

Status - Taken into custody by CBI on 20 April 2011,[56] granted bail on 24

Designation - Senior Vice-President, Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani

Charges - Criminal conspiracy to cause criminal breach of trust by a public

Status - Taken into custody by CBI on 20 April 2011,[56] granted bail on 24

Designation - Senior vice- President, Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani

Charges - Criminal conspiracy to cause criminal breach of trust by a public