ANNEX A TO APPENDIX 9: ATPC EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS

This document provides example calculations for the determination of Adaptive Transmit
Power Control (ATPC) operating parameters in cases where an ATPC coordination
advantage is to be claimed (see Section 4.2 of Appendix 9 Adaptive Transmit Power
Control of the RALI FX 3).
Examples of determining the operating parameters, i.e., Receive Signal Level (RSL),
Transmit Power versus Net Path Loss (NPL), Coordinated Transmit Power (Pcoord) and
fraction of time spent at a given transmit power are given, with and without space
diversity. Operating parameters and calculations given in the examples are based on:

an arbitrary 6.7 GHz long-haul high capacity system. However, through appropriate
substitution, calculations can be performed for other system types;
an assumed design NPL of 65 dB;
a four segment ATPC transfer function (see Fig.1). Other ATPC transfer functions
can be adapted by redefining the step boundaries;
an ATPC algorithm driven by RSL, evaluated in a narrow spectrum around the carrier
frequency;
fade depth probability calculations given in ITU-R Recommendation P.530-7, 2.3
"Fading and enhancement due to multipath and related mechanisms"; and
space diversity improvement factor taken from ITU-R Recommendation P.530-7,
6.2.1 "Diversity techniques in analogue systems", since this method is appropriate
for cases where signal is confined to a relatively narrow spectrum.

ATPC (example) Transfer Function

Pt min ,

Pt =

Pt min + s1 (NPL BP1 ) ,

NPL < BP1

BP1 NPL < BP2

Pt min + s1 (BP2 BP1 ) + s 2 (NPL BP2 ) , BP2 NPL < BP3

Pt max

NPL BP3

Where:
Ptmin
Ptmax
BP1
BP2
BP3
s1
s2

= +17 dBm
= +37 dBm
= 45 dB
= 84 dB
= 94 dB
=
=1

{ minimum transmit power }

{ maximum transmit power }
{ 1st transfer function break point }
{ 2nd transfer function break point }
{ 3rd transfer function break point }
{ transfer function proportionality constant }
{ second proportionality constant }

FX 3 Annex A to Appendix 9 ATPC Example Calculations

October 1999

A T P C T r a n s fe r F u n c t i o n
40

T X p o w e r (d B m )

35

30

25

20

15
40

50

60

70
N P L (d B )

80

90

100

Figure 1 ATPC example (RSL vs Transmit Power) transfer function

Calculation Procedure
A step-by-step procedure for manual calculations is given below. Using a spreadsheet,
and built-in optimization or iterative functions, the entire process can be automated.
The parameters and derivations used in the following examples are defined in ITU-R
Recommendation P.530-7; Table 1 lists the values assigned to these parameters in the
following examples.
1 - Determine the geoclimatic factor K (2.3.1.1).
2 - Calculate the path inclination |p| 2.3.1.2.
3 - Calculate the percentage of time pw that fade depth of 35 dB is exceeded in the
average worst month (2.3.1.3).
4 - Determine the value of qa (2.3.2) using equations (21), (22), and (24).
5 - Find the fade depth Ac, with the probability pw = 0.5 from (1).
Ac =

20

log ln1 w

100
qa

FX 3 Annex A to Appendix 9 ATPC Example Calculations

(1)

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Here, Ac, in dB, is the path loss in addition to the nominal NPL due to fading, that would
be experienced for 0.5 % of the time. Net Path Loss now becomes NPLc, calculated from
(2).
NPLc = NPL + Ac

(2)

6 - From the ATPC transfer function, (3), calculate the Transmit Power level Pt,
corresponding to NPLc.
NPL < BP1

Pmin ,
Pt =

Pmin + s1 (NPL BP1 ) ,

BP1 NPL < BP2

(3)

Pmin + s1 (BP2 BP1 ) + s 2 (NPL BP2 ) , BP2 NPL < BP3

Pmax

NPL BP3

This would be initial value for the Coordinated Power, Pc.

7 - Find the depth of fade, F corresponding to the Maximum Transmit Power Pmax, at
BP3. This value will be used to verify that the percentage of time permitted above the
Coordinated Transmit Power level is met.
F = BP3 NPL

(4)

8 - Calculate the probability pF of a fade at the depth of F dB from (5).

p F = 100 1 exp 10 qa F / 20

)]

(5)

9 - Determine the difference P, between the Maximum Power Pmax, and the Coordinated
Power Pc.
P = Pmax Pc

(6)

10 - Check from Appendix 9 (Table 2, Part 3) to see if the percentage of time permitted at
P dB above Coordinated Power is equal or greater than pF. If this requirement is not
met, increase Pc by a suitable increment, (e.g., 0.5 dB), and repeat step 9 until the
requirement is met.
11 - Using the final values obtained for the Coordinated Power Pc, and F, the level of
the Maximum Transmit Power Pmax above Coordinated Power, recalculate the percentage
of time these values would be experienced by applying (7).

p X = 100 1 exp 10 qa X / 20

FX 3 Annex A to Appendix 9 ATPC Example Calculations

)]

(7)

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Note: Intermediate values can be found by logarithmic interpolation between the
steps of Appendix 9, Table 2 (ie. per Figure 1 Permitted time above
Coordinated Power for ATPC systems).

parameter
definition
C0
coefficient in definition of K

value
4.2

notes
value selected applicable to Australia

<40

value selected applicable to Australia

CLat

latitude
coefficient in definition of K

value selected applicable to Australia

CLon

coefficient in definition of K

value selected applicable to Australia

pL

climatic variable

25

p
d

path inclination

path length

25 /
50

frequency

6.7

vertical separation of
antennas

10

typical

gain difference between

antennas

Typical

worst case applicable to Australia

assumed worst case
without / with, space diversity

Table 1: Geoclimatic and path parameters for example cases.

FX 3 Annex A to Appendix 9 ATPC Example Calculations

October 1999

Examples
A.

Without Space Diversity

Figure 2 shows the characteristics of a high capacity digital ATPC system without space
diversity. Calculation results of from each step are given below.
1 - K = 2.3810-5.
2 - Worst case assumed as |p| = 1.
3 - pw = 2.4410-3%.
4 - qa = 2.05.
5 - Ac = 22.5 dB
NPLc = 65+22.5 = 87.5 dB.

6 - Pc = 30.5 dBm.
7 - F = 29 dB
8 - pF = 0.1069%
9 - P = 6.5 dB

10 - The time allowed at 6.5 dB above the Coordinated Power is 0.0376%, showing that
the requirement is not met. By incrementing Pc in 0.5 dB steps, it is found that at
Pc = 33.5 dBm, P value obtained in step 9 becomes 3.5 dB with the time allowed being
0.1242% from the table. Since this is greater than pF = 0.1069%, in step 8, the
requirement has been met.
11 - Thus a Transmit Power level of 33.5 dB can be used for interference calculations.
Note: With an increment of 0.1 dB, it is found that a Coordinated Power level of
33.1 dBm would satisfy the requirements. See Figure 3.

B.

With Space Diversity

Figure 4 shows the characteristics of a high capacity digital ATPC system with space
diversity. Calculations results from each step are given below.
1 - K = 2.3810-5.
2 - Worst case assumed as |p| = 1.
3 - pw = 2.9610-2%.
4 - qa = 1.43.
5 - Ac = 13.9 dB
NPLc = 65+13.9 = 78.9 dB.

6 - Pc = 25.7 dBm.
7 - F =29 dB
8 - pF = 0.0042%
9 - P = 11.3 dB

10 - The time at 11.3 dB above the Coordinated Power is 0.0042% (see Figure 5).
However, (in accordance with Table 2 of Appendix 9) P may not exceed 10 dB.
11 - Thus it is necessary to either recalculate for a Pc with P 10 dB or for a Pmax that
meets the criteria. Further calculations show that a Pc of +25.7 dBm can still be used for
interference calculations, provided that Pmax is limited to +35.7 dBm.

FX 3 Annex A to Appendix 9 ATPC Example Calculations

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6
AT PC Characteristics, W ithout Space Diversity
RSL (dB m)

T x Po wer
(d Bm )
40

-20
-23.0

-23.0

H op Length : 25.0 km

Frequenc y : 6.7 G H z

S ystem gain : 100.2 dB @ BER 1.0E-3

NPL : 65 dB
Clim atic variable pL : 25

-25

37.0
-27.0

T X MA X : 37 dB m | T X M IN : 17 dBm

-30

35

N om inal : (22.3 dB m, 14.8 dB below M ax)

33.1

-35
Coordinated : (33.1 d B m, 3.9 d B b elo w M ax)
-40

30

T ime at coordin ated allo w ed :

T ime at coordin ated actu al :

-42.8

-45
27.0

-50

25

-55

0.500 %
0.267 %

T ime at m axim u m p ow er, allo wed : 0.1069 %

T ime at m axim u m p ow er, actu al : 0.1069 %

R SL

22.3

U pper lim it for BER 10E-3

-57.0

-57.0

-60

20

Low er lim it for BER 10E-3

Low er lim it for BER 10E-13
T X P ower

-63.2

-65

Fad e d epth to coord inated : 25.1 d B

17.0

(RSL and T x P ower not to s am e sc ale)

-68.0

-70
40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

15 T im e above c oordinated power allowanc e : T IA/EIA T SB 10-F

Probability of f ade c alculations : IT U-R P .530-7

105

NPL (d B)

Figure 2: ATPC Characteristics, without Space Diversity for 25 km hop

FX 3 Annex A to Appendix 9 ATPC Example Calculations

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7
T ransm it pow er vs. tim e, W ithout Space Diversity
1.E+0
H op Length : 25.0 km

| Frequency : 6.7 G H z

System gain : 100.2 d B @ B ER 1.0E-3

Probability of exceeding ab scis sa

Clim atic variable pL : 25

N PL : 65 d B
Tim e above coordinated pow er allow ances : TIA/EIA TS B 10-F
Probability of fade calculations : ITU -R P.530-7

1.E-1

1.E-2

TX M AX : 37 d Bm | TX M IN : 17 d Bm
N om inal : (22.3 dBm , 14.8 d B be low M ax)
C oordinated : (33.1 dBm , 3.9 d B below M ax)

at
C oordinated
Pow er

Fade depth to coordinated : 25.1 dB

Tim e at coordinated allow ed :

0.50 0 %

Tim e at coordinated actual :

0.267 %

at +33 dBm

Tim e at m axim um pow er, allow ed : 0.1069 %

Tim e at m axim um pow er, actual :

0.1069 %

1.E-3
15

20

25

30

35

40

T ransm it Po wer (d Bm )

Figure 3: ATPC Characteristics, without Space Diversity

FX 3 Annex A to Appendix 9 ATPC Example Calculations

October 1999

8
AT PC Ch aracteristics, w ith Sp ace Diversity
R S L (dB m )

T x P o wer
(d Bm )

-20

40
-23.0

-23.0

H op L en gth : 50.0 km

D iv s p acing : 10.0 m

| Le vel d iff : 1.0 dB

Frequ enc y : 6.7 G H z

S ystem g ain : 10 0.2 d B @ BE R 1.0E -3

N P L : 6 5 dB
C lim atic variab le p L : 2 5

-25

37.0
-27.0

T X M A X : 3 7 dB m | T X M IN : 17 dB m

-30

35

N om inal : (22.3 dB m , 14.8 dB b elow M ax)

-35
C oordinated : (25.7 d B m , 1 1.3 d B be lo w M ax)
-40

30

Fad e d epth to c oord ina ted : 13.9 d B

T im e at c oor din ate d a llo w ed :
T im e at c oor din ate d a ctu al :

-42.8

-45

0.50 0 %
0 .5 00 %

27.0
25.7

-50

-55

25

T im e at m axim u m p ow er, allo w ed : 0.0059 %

T im e at m axim u m p ow er, a ctu al : 0.00 42 %

R SL

22.3

U pp er lim it for BE R 10E-3

-57.0

-57.0

-60

Low er lim it for BE R 10E-3

20

Low er lim it for BE R 10E-13

T X P ow er

-63.2

-65

17.0
-68.0

-70
40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

10 0

10 5

(R S L an d T x P ow er not to s am e sc ale)
15 T im e ab ove c oordin ated p ow er allow anc e : T IA/EIA T SB 10-F
P rob ab ility of f ade c alculations : IT U -R P .5 30-7

N P L (d B)

Figure 4: ATPC Characteristics, Space Diversity

FX 3 Annex A to Appendix 9 ATPC Example Calculations

October 1999

9
Transmit power vs. time, with Space Diversity
1.E+0
Hop Length : 50.0 km

| Frequency : 6.7 GHz

System gain : 100.2 dB @ BER 1.0E-3

Div spacing : 10.0 m

| Level diff : 1.0 dB
Climatic variable pL : 25

Probability of exceeding abscissa

1.E-1

NPL : 65 dB
Time above coordinated pow er allowances : TIA/EIA TSB 10-F
Probability of fade calculations : ITU-R P.530-7

at
Coordinated
Power

1.E-2

1.E-3
TX M AX : 37 dBm | TX M IN : 17 d Bm
Nominal : (22.3 dBm, 14.8 dB below Max)
Coordinated : (25.7 dBm, 11.3 d B below Max)

1.E-4

Fade depth to coordinated : 13.9 dB

Time at coordinated allowed :

0.500 %

Time at coordinated actual :

0.500 %

at +34.7 dBm

Time at maximum power allowed, : 0.0 %

Time at maximum power, calculated :
%

1.E-5
15

20

0.0042

25

30

35

40

Transm it Power (dBm)

Figure 5: ATPC Characteristics, Space Diversity

FX 3 Annex A to Appendix 9 ATPC Example Calculations

October 1999