SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN

Centre for Modern Architecture Studies in Southeast Asia

(MASSA)

Bachelor of Science (Honours) (Architecture)

BUILDING SCIENCE 2 (ARC 3413)
PROJECT: Integrated Lighting & Acoustics in Design

NAME

: Yasaanth Kirishnamoorthy

STUDENT ID

: 0304863

LIGHTING
Daylight Factor

Market Square space

DF=( Ei/Eo)x100%
DF= (852.5/32000)x100%
= 2.6%, the space has Average daylight factor, PSALI can be used to control the artificial
lightings.

Dining Space
DF=( Ei/Eo)x100%
DF= (1397.5/32000) x100%
= 4.3%, the space has good daylight factor. PSALI can be used to control the artificial
lightings.

Office
DF=( Ei/Eo)x100%
DF= (1250/32000) x100%
= 3.9%, the space has good daylight factor. PSALI can be used to control the artificial
lightings.

Artificial Lighting Fixtures

1. Market Square space

Location

Ground Floor

Dimension of the room

8.6m x 6.05m

Floor Area

52.03 m2

Standard Luminance required (lux)

250-750

Assumption of reflection

White plaster ceiling=0.7

Brick wall
=0.3

Mounting Height(Hm)

4.5-0.90= 3.6m

Room Index(K)

(8.6 x 6.05 )/[(8.6+6.05)x3.6]

=52.03/52.74
=0.98

Utilization factor

0.45

Maintenance factor

0.80

Light Fixture:
Lunis SL-Tracklight (Osram)

LED light
Luminous flux level :1300
Colour
: Soft White

Number of lamp required

N=(250x52.03)/(1300x0.45x0.80)
=13007.5/468=27.79 i.e. 28 units

N= ExA/FxUFxMF

Conclusion
24 units of 1300lm LED track light can give a total luminance of 250 lux to the market space,
which fulfils the requirement of MS1525.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Dining space

Location

Second floor

Dimension of the room

9.56m x 8.65m

Floor Area

82.7 m2

Standard Luminance required (lux)

200

Assumption of reflection

White plaster ceiling=0.7

Brick wall
=0.3

Mounting Height(Hm)

3.5-0.9=2.6m

Room Index(K)

(9.56x8.65)/[(9.56+8.65)x2.6]
=82.7/47.94
=1.74

Utilization factor

0.49

Maintenance factor

0.80

Light Fixture:
Lunis 2 micro down light for ceiling
recessing(Osram)

LED light
Luminous Flux level : 1100lm
Colour
: Soft White

Osram CLASSIC A | Incandescent

lamps

Incandescent Light
Luminous Flux
Colour

Number of lamps required

1.LED Down light

N= ExA/FxUFxMF

N=(100x82.7)/(1100x0.49x0.80)
= 8270/431.2= 19.17 i.e 20 units

: 1340lm
; Warm yellow

2.Incandescent Light
N=(100x82.7)/(1340x0.49x0.80)
= 8270/525.8=15.72 i.e. 16 units

Conclusion
20 units of 1100lm LED Ceiling Down light can give a total luminance of 100lux and 16 units of
1340lm Incandescent pendant lighting to a total luminance of 100lux can give a total of 200lux
requirement of MS1525.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Office

Location

Second floor

Dimension of the room

5.8mx3.24m

Floor Area

18.8 m2

Standard Luminance required (lux)

300

Assumption of reflection

White plaster ceiling=0.7

Brick wall
=0.3

Mounting Height(Hm)

3.5-0.9=2.6m

Room Index(K)

(5.8x3.24)/[(5.8 +3.24)x2.6]
=18.79/23.5
=0.79

Utilization factor

0.49

Maintenance factor

0.80

Light Fixture:
Quadrature 2 rail system suspended
ceiling LED light(Osram)

LED light
Luminous Flux level : 1600lm
Colour
: Soft White

Number of lamps required

N=(300x18.8)/(1600x0.49x0.80)
= 5637/627.2= 8.9 i.e 9 units

N= ExA/FxUFxMF

Conclusion
9 units of 1600lm LED track light can give a total luminance of 200lux to the office, which fulfils
the requirement of MS1525.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ACOUSTIC
1. Reverberation time
Indoor dining Space
Components

Materials

Area m2

Absorption
Coefficient
[1000Hz] [s]

Sound Absorption
[SA]

Ceiling

Plasterboard
10mm

82.7

0.05

4.13

Wall

Brick wall

56.3

0.04

2.25

Plywood
panels(70mm)
(48 panels)

11.76

0.17

1.99

4mm glass
curtain wall

16.45

0.03

Wood hollow
core shutters

10.48

0.10

Floor

Carpet

82.7

0.30

24.81

Furniture

Timber chairs

16

0.06

0.96

Timber tables

0.06

0.3

16

0.46

7.36

Total
absorption

43.33

0.49
1.048

People(peak)

RT=0.16V/ (SA)
RT=0.16(289.45)/ 43.33
= 1.06s 1 second. The reverberation time for the indoor dining area is 1.06s, close to 1s.
According to the standard table, the reverberation time needed for a small room is 1s. This
means that this indoor dining area has a satisfying reverberation time.

Office
Components

Materials

Area m2

Absorption
Coefficient
[1000Hz] [s]

Sound Absorption
[SA]

Ceiling

Plasterboard
10mm

18.8

0.05

0.94

Wall

Brick wall

58.1

0.04

2.32

4mm Glass
window

0.03

0.21

Floor

Carpet

18.8

0.30

5.64

Furniture

Leather cover
chairs

0.61

1.22

Timber tables

0.06

0.12

Wooden
shelves

9.6

0.06

0.57

0.46

0.92

Total
absorption

11.94

People(peak)

RT=0.16V/ (SA)
RT=0.16(65.8)/ 11.94
= 0.88s 1 second. The reverberation time for the office room is 0.88s, close to 1s.
According to the standard table, the reverberation time needed for a small room is 1s. This
means that this Office has a satisfying reverberation time.

2. External Noise Calculation

Sound Pressure level (SPL) Calculation
Using SPL = 10 log l1/l0
Where l1 = sound power (intensity) (watts)
l0= reference power 1.0 x
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Front Faade External Noise
1. Traffic Noise :65dB
2. Activity Noise : 30dB

Traffic Noise
65= 10 log (l1/l0)
6.5 = l1/ 1.0 x
l1= 3.16 x
Activity Noise
30= 10 log (l1/l0)
3 = l1/ 1.0 x
l1= 1.x
Combined Intensities
(3.16 x

) + (1x

= 3.16 x
Combined SPL
10 log (l1/l0)
= 10 log (3.16 x
=10 log ( 3.16 x

/1.0 x

=65 dB

According to the acoustic standard the marketplace has an acoustic tolerance level 56dB to
67dB of external noise. External noise generated from the vehicles and the street activity has a
combined SPL of 65dB, which travels into the internal spaces. Therefore, the combined SPL of
external noise of front part of the street is approximately the total sound pressure level in the
market.

Rear Faade External Noise

1.

Service Noise =64 dB

Service Noise
64 = 10 log10 ( I1/I0)
6.4 = log10 (I1/1x10-12)
Log-1 6.4 = I1/1x10-12
2.5x106x1x10-12 = I1

I1= 2.5x10-6
Combined SPL
SPL = 10Log (2.5x10-6/1x10-12)
= 64dB

In addition the service noise is 64dB; therefore, the combined SPL of external noise of front
part of the street is approximately the total sound pressure level in the market.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Sound Transmission Loss

Dining space with stalls

Building
Elements

Materials

Surface Area,
S(m2)

shutters

Timber

10.48

36

2.51 x 10-4

2.63x10

Vertical Panels

Timber

11.76

36

2.51 x 10-4

2.95x10-3

wall

Brick

42

6.3 x 10-5

2.64x10

Timber shutters and Vertical Panels

SRItimber= 10 log10 1/Ttimber
36= 10 log10 1/Ttimber
Log-1 3.6 = 1/Ttimber
3981.07 = 1/Ttimber
Ttimber = 2.51 x 10-4

SRI (dB)

Transmission
coefficient, Tn

Sn x Tcn

-3

-3

Brick wall
SRIbrick= 10 log10 1/Tbrick
42 = 10 log10 1/Tbrick
Log-1 4.2= 1/ Tbrick
15849 = 1/ Tbrick
Tbrick = 6.3 x 10-5

Average Transmission Coefficient

Tav = (2.63x10-3+ 2.95x10-3 +2.64x10-3)/ (10.48+11.76+7)

= 5.36x10-3
Total SRI
SRI Overall = 10 log10 1/ (5.36x10-3)
= 23dB
Exterior combined SPL = 65 dB
Transmission Loss through shutters of Dining area= 23dB
Dining Space = 65 dB 23 dB = 42 dB

Thus, the transmission loss through the timber shutters, timber panels and brick walls has
helped in reducing the noise level about 23 dB from the external noise. Most of the exterior
noise is absorbed by the timber shutters and the timber panels. An acoustical comfort is
achieved.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Office

Building
Elements

Materials

Window

Glass

37

1.99 x 10-4

1.39 x 10-3

Wall

Brick

19.95

42

6.3 x 10-5

1.25 x 10-3

Glass Window
SRIglass = 10 log10 1/Tglass
37 = 10 log10 1/Tglass
Log-13.7 = 1/Tglass
5011.87 = 1/Tglass
Tglass = 1.99 x 10-4

Surface
Area, S(m2)

SRI (dB)

Transmission
coefficient, Tn

Sn x Tcn

Brick wall
SRIbrick= 10 log10 1/Tbrick
42 = 10 log10 1/Tbrick
Log-1 4.2= 1/ Tbrick
15849 = 1/ Tbrick
Tbrick = 6.3 x 10-5

Average Transmission Coefficient

Tav = (1.39 x 10-3 + 1.25 x 10-3)/(7+19.95)

= 9.7x 10-5
Total SRI
SRI Overall = 10 log10 1/ (9.7x 10-5)
= 40 dB
Exterior combined SPL = 64 dB
Transmission Loss through shutters of Dining area= 40dB
Office space= 64 dB 40dB = 24 dB
Thus, the transmission loss through the Brick wall has helped in reducing the noise level about
40dB from the external noise (service noise). Most of the exterior noise is absorbed by the
Brick wall. An acoustical comfort is achieved.

Combined SPL of internal Noises

According to the standards table, average sound pressure level produced by a dining area
(cafeteria) is 80dB which is considered as internal noise source. The Dining area was chosen
because it consists of stall and people all the time. So there is a higher change of producing
internal noise.
By Combined SPL level
Noise at the Dining space area with stall is 42dB
42 = 10 Log10 (I1/I0)
Log-14.2 = I1/1x10-12
1.5x104x1x10-12 = I1
I1 = 1.5 x 10-8
Noise from Human Conversation is 50dB
50 = 10 Log10 (I1/I0)
Log-1 5 = I1/1x10-12
1x105x1x10-12 = I1
I1 = 1x10-7
Total SPL
(1.5 x 10-8) + (1x10-7)
= 1.15 x 10-7
Combined SPL
SPL= 10 Log10 (I1/I0)
= 10 Log10 (1.15 x 10-7/1x10-12)
= 50.6 dB
The indoor total noise in the dining space area is 50.6dB.