Sie sind auf Seite 1von 3

IMPORTANT EVENTS IN THE LIFE OF JPR

1. Birth: June 19, 1861 to Francisco Mercado II


and Teodora Alonso Realonda
a. 9 sisters and one brother
b. parents were leaseholders of a hacienda
i. prestigious family
2. Not his original family name
a. Rizal means luntiang bukirin
b. Please see details in the book Auntie
Naida gave me about Rizal
i. Like may order from some
governor general na dpat lahat
Spanish last names
3. Childhood:
a. Intelligent
b. First teacher: Don Teodora
i. Learned the alphabet at age 3,
could read and write by age 5
4. Sent to Binan, Laguna to study under Justiniano
Aquino Cruz, his tutor
5. Studied in Ateneo Muncipal de Manila
a. At first, he was bullied cause he was too
small as compared to the Spanish
mestizos and the insulares
b. But, he excelled!!! He graduated as one
of the nine students in his class that
were declared sobresaleinte or
outstanding
c. Shortly after graduating, Rizal and his
friend, Mariano Katigbak went to visit
Rizals maternal grandmother in Tondo
i. Mariano brought along his
younger sister, Segunda (from
Lipa, Batangas) -> his first love
ii. Sadly, Katigbak was engaged to
Manuel Luz
6. Continued education in ateneo to obtain a land
surveyor and assesors degree, while at the
same time taking up a preparatory course in
law in UST
a. Don Francisco just wanted him to stop
studying. He feared that too much
knowledge will endanger him JPR
wanted to study law. So, as a
compromise , he took land surveying rin
(cause diba they have a hacienda)
b. While in UST, he won first place for a
poem he wrote A La Juventad Filipina

i. The competition was sponsored


by the Liceo Artistico de Manila
ii. When the organizers learned he
was an indio, they refused to
recognize him as winner
iii. Prize: Silver pluma and diploma
c. However, when he learned that his
mother was going blind, he decided to
switch from law to medicine in UST ->
he specialized in ophthalmology later in
life
7. Rizal in Europe
a. Went without his parents knowledge
and consented
i. Baon: 356 pesos
ii. Left at 5 am
b. Secretly supported by Paciano
c. Traveled to Madrid in May 1882
i. To study medicine at the
Universidad Central de Madrid
1. Earned Licentiate in
Medicine
d. also attended medical lectures in
University of paris and University of
Heilderberg
i. In Heildelberg, he wrote his
famous poem A las Flores del
Heilderberg
1. A poem about longing for
his motherland
ii. In
heiderlberg
also,
he
completed his eye specialization
under the renowned professor,
Otoo Becker
e. In Europe, he also wrote his two great
novels: NMT (published in Berlin in
1887, through the help of Maximo Viola
who loaned him money and El Fili
(published in Ghent in 1891 this time
through the help of Valentin Ventura
f. Had close correspondence with
Ferdinand Blumentritt, professor and
historian and other ilustrados
g. As leader of the reform movement of
Filipino students in Spain, he
contributed essays,allegories, poems,
andeditorials to
the
Spanish
newspaper La Solidaridad in Barcelona

(in this case Rizal used a pen name,


Dimasalang).
i. The core of his writings centers
on liberal and progressive ideas
of individual rights and freedom;
specifically, rights for the Filipino
people.
8. Rizals many loves
a. Segunda Katigbak
b. Nelly Boustead -> Englishwoman,
intelligent
c. Seiko Usui -> last descendant of a noble,
Japanases family
d. Leonor Valenzuela
e. Leonor Rivera
i. Distant cousin
ii. Thought to be inspiration for the
character of Maria Clara in NMT
iii. Rizal almost asked for her hand
in marriage due to her
uncomplaining fidelity even
when JPR was in Europe
1. He asked permission
from his father to ask for
Leonors hand before he
went back to Europe for
the 2nd time -> di natuloy
2. Don Francisco forbade
rizal to meet Leonor
3. Rizal kept writing her
letters while back in
Europe. Leonor never
received any of the
letters. Henry Kipping, an
English
man,
and
Leonors
mother
connived to hide JPRs
letters. Leonor married
Kipping.
4. Leonors mother revealed
the letters the day
before the wedding. The
wedding pushed through
but Leonor swore that
she will never sing and
play the Piano again.
9. Exile in Dapitan
a. Upon his 2nd return in Manila in 1892,
he formed La Liga Filipina

i. LLF was a civic movement that


advocated
social
reforms
through legal means
ii. At this time, he was already
declared an enemy of the state
iii. The movement was disbanded
by the governor
b. JPR was implicated in the activitie of the
rebellion
i. In July 1892, he was deported to
Dapitan
1. There, he built a school, a
hospital, and a water
supply system and taught
and engaged in farming
and horticulture
ii. He continued his practice of
medicine
1. Through this he met
Josephine Bracken ->
who accompanied her
Irish stepfather to be
treated by Rizal
2. The
two
had
a
relationship
3. There
are
some
historians who believe
the two got married
10. Arrest and trial
a. By 1896, the rebellion fomented by
the Katipunan, a militant secret society,
had become a full-blown revolution,
proving to be a nationwide uprising
b. Rizal had earlier volunteered his services
as a doctor in Cuba and was given leave
by Governor-General Ramn Blanco to
serve in Cuba to minister to victims
ofyellow fever. Rizal and Josephine left
Dapitan on August 1, 1896 with letter of
recommendation from Blanco.
c. Rizal was arrested en route to Cuba via
Spain and was imprisoned in
Barcelona on October 6, 1896.
d. He was sent back the same day to
Manila to stand trial as he was
implicated in the revolution through his
association
with
members
of

the Katipunan. During the entire


passage, he was unchained, no Spaniard
laid a hand on him, and had many
opportunities to escape but refused to
do so.
e. While imprisoned in Fort Santiago, he
issued
a manifesto disavowing
the
current revolution in its present state
and declaring that the education of
Filipinos and their achievement of a
national identity were prerequisites to
freedom.
f. Rizal was tried before a courtmartial for rebellion, sedition,
and
conspiracy, was convicted on all three
charges, and sentenced to death.
g. Blanco, who was sympathetic to Rizal,
had been forced out of office. The friars,
led by then Archbishop of Manila
Bernardino
Nozaleda,
had
'intercalated' Camilo de Polavieja in his
stead, as the new Spanish GovernorGeneral of
the Philippines after
pressuring Queen-Regent Maria Cristina
of Spain, thus sealing Rizal's fate.
h. execution on December 30, 1896 by a
squad of Filipino soldiers of the Spanish
Army, a backup force of regular Spanish
Army troops stood ready to shoot the
executioners should they fail to obey
orders
i.

He
was
secretly
buried
in Pac Cemetery in Manila with no
identification on his grave. His sister
Narcisa toured all possible gravesites
and found freshly turned earth at the
cemetery with guards posted at the
gate. Assuming this could be the most
likely spot, there never having any
ground burials, she made a gift to the
caretaker to mark the site "RPJ", Rizal's
initials in reverse.

11. His undated poem, Mi ltimo adis believed to


be written a few days before his execution, was
hidden in an alcohol stove, which was later
handed to his family with his few remaining

possessions, including the final letters and his


last bequests.[40]:91
12. During their visit, Rizal reminded his sisters in
English, "There is something inside it", referring
to the alcohol stove given by the Pardo de
Taveras which was to be returned after his
execution, thereby emphasizing the importance
of the poem. This instruction was followed by
another, "Look in my shoes", in which another
item was secreted. Exhumation of his remains
in August 1898, under American rule, revealed
he had been uncoffined, his burial not on
sanctified ground granted the 'confessed'
faithful, and whatever was in his shoes had
disintegrated

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen