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INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
FORTIFIED HERITAGE:
MANAGEMENT AND
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
DL NA 1708-2014
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CONTENTS
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CONTENTS
Pamplona ............................................................................................................................
Condestable Palace .........................................................................................................
App PAMPLONA ME GUSTA! ................................................................................
A walk around the Pamplona Fortifications ........................................................
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GREETINGS
FROM THE MAYOR
Pamplona is putting all its energy and enthusiasm behind hosting the 1st
International Congress on fortified heritage: management and sustainable
development. On 15th, 16th and 17th October, our city has the honour of
becoming a meeting point for discussion and debate on the use and
maintenance of former defence constructions.
With this in mind, I would like to make the most of these words to welcome
the congress to Pamplona, hoping that its professional expectations will be
fully met, and encouraging you all to get to know the virtues that go hand in
hand with a thousand-year-old city beyond actual heritage and the host of
monuments that Pamplona has to offer. As a city, we are regular hosts for
pilgrims starting out on the St James' Way, as an educational reference point
- with over 20,000 university students and as a universal festival, as the San
Fermin celebrations cross borders year after year.
I am highly optimistic that all the presentations, debate forums and tours
scheduled during the congress will help us to organise new initiatives around
conservation and use of walled enclosures, and that together, we will be
capable of promoting it correctly so as to guarantee that future generations
have the chance to enjoy fortified heritage as an important part of the city
and in its day to day life.
Welcome to Pamplona. We hope you have a pleasant stay with us.
Enrique Maya Miranda
Mayor of Pamplona
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International Conference on
FORTIFIED HERITAGE:
MANAGEMENT AND
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
The International Conference on Fortified Heritage: Management and Sustainable
Development aims to be a forum for debate on the preservation and civic integration of
built military heritage. While often forgotten and neglected, many defensive structures
offer a great opportunity to transform the spaces they occupy into revitalising focal
points of city life through their restoration and the implementation of functional
improvements in accommodation, facilities and accessibility.
Attending the conference will be many international experts with an interest in sharing
their experiences of cities engaged in transferring and integrating into civic life structures
that had previously served a defensive purpose. The conservation of their military
heritage (buildings, landscape, urban fabric, etc.) is of great importance as for many cities
it represents a badge of identity.
Subjects to be covered range from restoration and conservation techniques and methods
to the social and economic impact of conservation, or the opportunity that military
monuments offer to tourist, sociocultural and other urban sectors.
The presentation of solutions from diverse sites will familiarise attendees with different
approaches that have come under consideration and thus enable them to study and
compare a wide variety of best practices.
The problems and opportunities are common to many sites and landscape environments
in the different regions and countries. It is our intention that the topics for debate and
the papers presented at the conference emphasise these common features while at the
same time helping to share international experiences in transforming and adaptating
defensive structures and complexes to civic ends.
The aim is for the military monument to be regarded as more than just a memorial or
cultural reference point, or even a mere place or object. Defensive heritage is moving
towards broader and more ambitious scenarios where it typically becomes an
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MORE INFORMATION:
www.fortiuspamplonabayonne.eu
http://congress.fortiuspamplonabayonne.eu/
@Fortius_ICFH
#fortius2014
SCOPE
INSTITUTIONS
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Organization:
Partner Institutions:
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VENUE
PAMPLONA
The General Gnaeus Pompey Magnus. Surrounded by mountains, the plain of the basin
of Pamplona has always favoured human settlement. Stone tools have been found on the
terraces of the River Arga dating from some 75,000 years ago. In approximately the first
millennium BC, there already existed a Vascon settlement beneath the modern-day city. This
settlement gave rise to the name Irua, Basque for "the city". The Roman General Gnaeus
Pompey Magnus arrived in 75 BC and founded a Roman-model city. He gave it its name,
Pompaelo, and enhanced its function as a strategic link between the peninsula and Europe.
A kingdom in the hands of the clergy. Pamplona fell into the hands of the Visigoths and
the Moors between the IV and IX centuries. In the X century, the noble clans gained
sufficient autonomy as to form the Kingdom of Pamplona, the name of which was a tribute
to the symbolic importance of the city, then considered the soul of the land of the
Vascons, in political and religious terms. For more than three hundred years, the head of
the capital was not the king, but rather the bishop. This was the result of a donation by
Sancho Garcs II Abarca as a sign of his gratitude to God for the help received against the
Moors and was then ratified by successive monarchs.
The Privilege of the Union. The XII century saw the arrival of the Settlement of San
Nicols, based around a new parish church, populated by new immigrants. Navarrera,
where the "navarros" lived, received its privilege of Franks and the annex of San Miguel in
1189. The nobility, living in Navarrera and supported by the bishop, backed the alliance with
Castile, while those living in San Cernin and San Nicols preferred the French solution. The
VENUE
Three walled boroughs. At the end of the XI century, the monarchs from the Aragonese
dynasty (Sancho Ramrez, Pedro I, Alfonso I) made great efforts to reconquer and repopulate
the land. The arrival of the Franks or burgueses (emigrants devoted to trade and
craftsmanship) meant that Pamplona was no longer just a large village with a cathedral.
Meanwhile, internal tensions started. Before 1100, Frenchmen from the Midi, devout
followers of Saint Saturnine, to whom they dedicated their church and the name of the new
district, settled to the west of the old city. And so, the Borough of San Cernin was born.
These inhabitants kept themselves apart from the older Navarrese inhabitants and the
privileges they received from the king in 1129 widened still further the distance between
them.
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three centres of population fought until 1423, when King Carlos III the Noble transformed
the three boroughs into a single body. Jurera and a new Town Hall were built, a new coat of
arms for the city was designed and the construction of fortifications within the city was
forbidden.
Fortified enclave. After the conquest of Navarre and its inclusion within Castile in 15121515, Pamplona became one of the Spanish Crowns outposts on the French border. The
constant objective of the next three centuries was to hold the border against possible
invasion. Fortifications and walls were a vital system of defence which, at the same time,
prevented the city from spreading. The Citadel and the new walled city (XVI- XVIII century)
lent Pamplona, more than ever, the mark of a city-fort.
The neoclassical reforms. At the beginning of the XVIII century, society was still highly
traditional. A good part of the citizens belonged to the aristocracy and the clergy, almost a
quarter worked the land and a third of the population were small artisans. From an industrial
viewpoint, only the existence of a cloth factory, a paper mill and a gunpowder mill were
worthy of mention. As of 1750, Pamplona sought modernisation. A new Town Hall, sewers,
a running water system, fountains, a Neo-classical faade for the cathedral, an urban
explosion which was not interrupted by the Napoleonic invasion of 1808 and only ended
with the 1813 War of Independence. Napoleons troops were the only ones ever to take the
Citadel.
Liberals and Carlists at war. Following the War of Independence, liberal ideas began to
take hold in Spain and Navarre, in particular, suffered the consequences. A good part of the
Kingdom backed the Carlists, defenders of absolutism and the regime dictated by ancient
privilege. Pamplona, however, supported the liberals, although part of the population
sympathised with the Carlist cause. Pamplonas active bourgeoisie and civil servant
bureaucracy managed to find room for their ideas in the reform of the ancient privileges (Ley
Paccionada of 1841). The Madrid Government tried to reduce Navarres fiscal autonomy and
a huge demonstration was held in Pamplona in 1839. As a symbol of this spirit, the
Monument to the Fueros (Privileges) was raised. Urban expansion began in 1888 with the
construction of the I Ensanche (literally, widening). The best local architects of the day
designed modernist projects for the area. The city remained entirely walled, however, until
1915, the year in which some of its walls were demolished.
The XX century was the century of expansion. Cultural, social, economic, technological
and urban growth. Today, Pamplona is a city with effective social services, good education
and health systems, areas given over to leisure, high industrial activity and a consolidated
communications network. In brief, a modern city with a high quality of life.
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First floor
This is the 'noble' floor and houses three large halls with ceilings whose hand-cut wooden
ceilings maintain part of the original colours. Over four centuries the walls were decorated to
the taste of the tenants, and a walk through the halls shows quite a few details of days gone
by. This floor is also home to the exhibition on the genial violinist from Pamplona Pablo
Sarasate. The halls on this floor are also the venue for temporary exhibitions of a wide range
of themes.
Second floor
For almost two centuries this floor was occupied by the servants of the palace, and much of
the graffiti they left on the walls can be seen; anonymous pencil drawings on a wide range
of subjects. The floor now contains the skylight that gives natural light to the whole building.
Of particular note is the restoration of the gallery of pointed arches on the faade of the
building that gives onto Mayor Street.
Pamplonas City Council has a new computer application for mobile devices: Pamplona Me
Gusta!. This computer application contains the entire tourist and heritage offer of the city
with the goal of facilitating a route plan to the visitors. The app is free and is accessible and
can be downloaded on Apple App Store and on Google Play.
VENUE
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Walk Course of the vanished wall Camino de Santiago - Way of St. James
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200 m
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CONFERENCE TOPICS
1. Conservation and Restoration
Typologies of restoration: conservation, consolidation, repair and reconstruction. The use
of modern techniques and materials.
2. Management Plans
Contents of a management plan, drawing up process and involvement of interested
parties. Short, medium and long term planning. The regional and local scale.
Characteristics and conditons of conservation and restoration. Flexibility, setting planning
and quality standards.
3. Management, Safety and Accessibility
Models of management: public, private and/or combinations. Visitor safety: protection of
the buildings and their surroundings. Universal Accessibility: visitor flows, guides and
adaptations for the disabled.
4. Recycling and Sustainability
Recycling possibilities and their selection criteria. Combination of cultural and historical
values with recycling. What to avoid using. Recycling in commercial activities. Civic
participation: experiences and results. Social and economic sustainability. Emphasis on
energy use: heating and air conditioning.
5. Landscaping, Maintenance and Urban Planning
Landscape design and land use around the fortifications. Matters regarding the upkeep
of the buildings and their surroundings, financial implications and methods.
CONFERENCE TOPICS
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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Vctor Echarri Iribarren
PhD Architect
Lecturer at the High Technical School of Architecture (ETSA), University of Alicante
Javier Garabito
PhD Architect
Contracted lecturer PhD in the High Polytechnical School, University of Burgos
John Harris
BA in Architecture Editor of the FORT (The Fortress Study Group) magazine
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
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TECHNICAL COMMITTEE
Jos Vicente Valdenebro Garca
City Manager, Pamplona City Council
Coordinator FORTIUS Project
Marie-Christine Riviere
Director of Culture and Heritage, Bayonne City Council
TECHNICAL SECRETARIAT
Esther Elizalde Marquina
TECHNICAL COMMITTEE
Technical Secretary
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PROGRAMME
TUESDAY, 14 OCTOBER
WELCOME TO THE PARTICIPANTS TO THE CONGRESS
from the Councillor for Education and Culture of de Town of Pamplona,
FERMN ALONSO IBARRA
OPENING OF THE EXHIBITION
BASTIONS. Fortalezas del Pirineo Fortresses of the Pyrenees
Location: Palacio del Condestable, Main Street, Calle Mayor no. 2
PROGRAMME
19:00 h
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19:00 to 20:00 h
CULTURAL VISIT
to Pamplona city walls ending at the Interpretacion Centre for the Pamplona
Fortifications where conference attendees could enjoy a concert by a quartet
PROGRAMME
17:00 to 19:00 h
PRESENTATION OF PAPERS
Session 1 [Auditorium - ground floor]: Papers 1-8 (see page 30)
Session 2 [Arquillos Room - 2nd floor]: Papers 9-16 (see page 30)
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13:30 to 15:00 h
LUNCH
15:00 to 16:00 h
MASTER CLASS
WILLIAM H. CLEMENTS | CHAIRMAN OF THE FORTRESS STUDY GROUP, COLONEL (RETD)
Fortifications at Risk: the restoration and re-use
of fortified built heritage in Britain and Ireland
16:00 to 17:00 h
ROUNDTABLE 4
Moderator JOS VICENTE VALDENEBRO GARCA | PHD ARCHITECT
JUAN MANUEL ALFARO GUIXOT
PRESIDENT OF THE LES FORTALESES CATALANES FOUNDATION
"Monumental military heritage: Property for cultural use
BENJAMN CASANOVA CHULILLA
DIRECTOR OF THE CASTILLO DE SAN PEDRO DE JACA CONSORTIUM
Jaca Citadel enabling culture in its surrounding area
MIREN AYERBE IRZAR
COORDINATOR OF THE FUNDACIN ARMA PLAZA-FUNDAZIOA, HONDARRIBIA
The old town walls of Hondarribia, an opportunity for the city
ROBERT DULAU | HERITAGE CHIEF CURATOR
Living the fortifications in France
17:00 to 19:00 h
FREE TIME
to visit the city of Pamplona. Wide choice of options: visiting
the Museum of Navarra, Occidens exhibition in Pamplona Cathedral, etc.
PROGRAMME
19:00 to 21:00 h
RECEPTION IN THE CITADEL WEAPONS ROOM (Sala de Armas)
including wine tasting, buffet and a Flamenco concert.
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13:30 to 15:00 h
LUNCH
15:00 to 16:00 h
MASTER CLASS
DR.-ING. HANS-RUDOLF NEUMANN | DEPUTY CHAIRMAN OF ECCOFORT REG. ASS.
Enhancing of fortified heritage by tourism-analysis of a fortress study tour
to Ukraine, Belorussia and Poland
16:00 to 17:00 h
ROUNDTABLE 6
Moderator MERCEDES JOVER HERNANDO | PHD IN HISTORY
PILAR BARRACA DE RAMOS
TECHNICAL ADVISOR. MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND SPORTS
Fortresses as border icons and their current dimension
AMADOR RUIBAL RODRGUEZ
VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE SPANISH CASTLE FRIENDS ASSOCIATION
The Spanish Castle Friends Association and its work
to defend fortified heritage
JOS MANUEL ARNAIZ SECO | CORONEL IN THE RESERVES AND COORDINATOR
OF COURSES AT THE INSTITUTE OF HISTORY AND MILITARY CULTURE, MADRID
The Army's fortified heritage: Organisations and updates
MARIE-HLNE ATALLAH
VILLES SECTEURS SAUVAGARDS ET PROTGS NATIONALE ASSOCATION, BESANON
Mediation of fortified Heritage in the Town of Art and History of Besanon
PROGRAMME
17:00 to 18:00 h
CLOSING CEREMONY with the authorities
MARA CABALLERO MARTNEZ
COUNCILLOR OF EMPLOYMENT, TRADE AND TOURISME OF PAMPLONA
JOS VICENTE VALDENEBRO GARCA
CITY MANAGER OF PAMPLONA, COODINATOR FORTIUS PAMPLONA-BAYONNE PROJECT
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SESSIONS SCHEDULE
The papers will be presented by their authors, with an estimated time of
around 7-10 minutes for each one. Presentations will be divided up by topic,
content similarity and the presentation language. Consequently, the
Auditorium will be used for presentations in Spanish and the Arquillos Room
for presentations in French and English. They will be held simultaneously.
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23. ZALDVAR MORALES, E., The Morro Castle of Santiago de Cuba. History
and management of a Spanish fortress in the Caribbean
24. RIVES NAVARRO, L., The urban planning of Pamplona in defense of
their fortifications
25. DAZA PARDO, E., LPEZ-MUIZ MORAGAS, G., VEGA RIVAS, E.,
The edition and diffusion of the studies on fortifications. Some experiences
from the private initiative
SESSIONS SCHEDULE
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42. NIAR, S., LASHERAS, F., The Spanish defensive system in Oran (Algeria),
history and actuality
43. VARGAS MATAS, S.A., Fortified Veracruz
44. ORDUNA PORTS, P.M., SAN VICENTE VICENTE, F. J.,
A forgotten military rampart across the Pyrenees. Cataloging and spreading
of the Line P in Navarre and Gipuzkoa
SESSIONS SCHEDULE
51. BOSCOLO, A., The fortified system of the Venetian lagoon between the
XV and XVII century. A proposal of development for a highly critical Site
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SPEAKERS BIOGRAPHIES
Milagros FLORES ROMN | PRESIDENT OF ICOFORT
She has been President of ICOFORT since 2008. One of the main functions of this Committee is to
provide support to UNESCO and its Worldwide Heritage Convention programme in all matters
related to military heritage. She also works as a specialist on Fortifications both for UNESCO and
for ICOMOS. Likewise, she is a member of ICOMOS in the United States where she is also an exofficio member of its Executive Board. She has a history degree from the University of Navarre
(Pamplona, Spain), specialising in Military Heritage, Caribbean Fortifications and the Organisation
and Handling of Institutional Archives and Museums in Puerto Rico, United States and the Virgin
Islands. Moreover, she is the author of numerous publications on these subjects.
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Architect and Town Planner, M.Sc. in Intercultural Relations and Ph.D. in History of Art. Of
particular note amongst his works, Consultant and Project Planner for Fundao Gulbenkian for
Portuguese Heritage throughout the World and Almeida City Hall Consultant for Fortress Safekeeping. He is also a founding member of the International Committee on Shared Built Heritage
(ICSBH), Expert for ICOFORT and Honorary Member of CIVVIH/Historical Cities of ICOMOS. He is
also a member of Europa Nostra. He is in charge of the CEAMA journal (Portuguese/English) for
the Military Architecture Study Centre in Almeida. He has been organising the annual International
Seminar on Military Architecture (Almeida, Portugal) since 2007. He has also published around
two dozen books.
SPEAKERS BIOGRAPHIES
Joo CAMPOS
ARCHITECT AND EXPERT FOR ICOFORT
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Ana LUENGO AN
PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS - IFLA EUROPE
She has degrees in Architecture and Landscape Architecture and a PhD as a Landscape Architect.
She also has a Masters in Gardening and Landscaping and another in Management and
Maintenance of Parks and Public Places. She is currently President of the International Federation
of Landscape Architects (IFLA Europe); member of the Spanish National ICOMOS Committee, the
International Committee for Cultural Landscapes and Historical Gardens (ICOMOS-IFLA), the
Historic Gardens Foundation (United Kingdom) and the Madrid Studies Institute, among other
institutions. She combines her teaching work at different Spanish and foreign universities with
wide-ranging cultural work. She is also a founding member of the CITEREA landscaping studio and
the author of many important research works, articles and publications.
Landscape architect, conservator of monuments, a long-time employee of state institutions for the
protection of monuments in Poland. She has also worked as Secretary of the National Project of
the Ministry of Culture and Art Protection and Conservation of the Historical Cultural Landscape.
She is one of the experts of the Minister of Culture and National Heritage in the field of
fortifications, military heritage, landscape, parks and gardens. Moreover, she is member of
different associations: the Society of the Friends of the Fortification; member of the ICOMOS;
Founder and the First President of IcoFort; founder of the Polish National Committee id the Blue
Shield; Board Member of ANCBS (Association of National Committees of the Blue Shield). Author
of many projects connected with the preservation and management plans of cultural landscape,
fortifications, the fortress landscape and historic parks. She is also author of numerous publications
and organizer of scientific conferences on these subjects.
SPEAKERS BIOGRAPHIES
Lidia KLUPSZ
FOUNDER AND THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF ICOFORT
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She has a degree in Archaeology from the Autnoma University of Madrid and has developed her
professional career on urban archaeology. Amongst other achievements are included her
performances in the fortresses of San Sebastian and Hondarribia (Province of Guipuzcoa in the
Basque Country). For over ten years she works as an archaeologist for the City Council of
Hondarribia and fosters and coordinates action plans in the matter of refurbishing the old town
and other heritage matters. She has coordinated the ARMA PLAZA Foundation works for the last
two years, in order to communicate the cultural heritage of the City of Hondarribia. She has been
particularly involved in the outreach and valuing program of the contemporary Guadalupe Fort as
well as the monumental ensemble of the 16th Century fortress.
SPEAKERS BIOGRAPHIES
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Vronique DAVIDT
DIRECTOR OF THE MURAILLES ET JARDINS PROJECT
After working for Lille city council and its metropolitan area in the field of tourism and heritage,
she became a member of the Lille Metropolitan Development Council as an expert in tourism and
then director of a tourism promotion organisation in the north of France, Nord Tourisme. Later, in
2009, the French Nord Department Culture Division commissioned her for European cultural
cooperation projects. This service manages six Interreg projects; four of which are leaders of
Interreg IV programmes France Wallonie Vlananderen and 2Mers on topics such as: preparing the
World War One commemoration, cross-border culture and fortified heritage, "Walls and gardens",
etc.
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Marie-Hlne ATALLAH
SPEAKERS BIOGRAPHIES
History and Art History Graduate. National conference speaker. Qualified architecture and heritage
facilitator. Head of department, in charge of implementing the "Ville dart et dhistoire" (Art and
History Town) convention since 1986, when the Town of Besancon signed its agreement with the
Ministry of Culture.
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GERCO MEIJER
LECTURER: ING. ASSOCIATE IN BUNKERQ V.O.F, OFFICE FOR HERITAGE DEVELOPMENT,
RESTORATION AND ARCHITECTURE
Educated as an engineer, he started bunkerQ in the late 1990's. From the year 1999
bunkerQ got involved in the development of the New Dutch Waterline. The first plan
was a conversion of a wooden shed. Soon to be followed by the reconstruction of the
earth works of a small battery fort. In 2003 bunkerQ was able to estimate, by
database modeling , the cost of preservation of the build objects of the new Dutch
Waterline. The results of this calculation were base of a large scale financial program
to invest in the New Dutch Waterline. The database itself grew to the 'method
bunkerQ'. A coherent calculation tool to estimate the costs and benefits of large scale
'heritage' projects. From 2007 Gerco co-operated with his partner Indira Zuljevic, an
Sarajevo born architect. Several large scale projects have been completed. 'Fort
Vechten, phase 1', a consolidation program on 13 buildings, from which 5 buildings
were converted to bat- habitats and 1 to a climate controlled meeting place for
groups up to 200 people. Recently 'Fort het Hemeltje' was completed. A 750 m2 fort,
converted to a flexible high class office for up to 60 people.
Nicolas FAUCHERRE
HISTORIAN OF FORTIFICATION
Member of the Mediterranean Medieval & Modern Archaeology Laboratory scientific
council, he is Professor of History of Art and Medieval Archaeology at the University
of Aix-Marseille. He is also member of the World Heritage French Property
Committee, of the Historical and Scientific Work Committee, of the National Historical
Monument Commission, of the History of Defence Study Centre scientific council the
regional Heritage and Site Commissions Poitou-Charentes, and Castellology team
leader at the Higher Medieval Civilisation Studies Centre, among others organisations.
French representative on the international ICOMOS - ICOFORT, he is Scientific expert
for the Vauban fortifications world heritage application. He was Coordinator of
Vauban Year (Heritage Management) and curator of the "Vauban Rformateur"
exhibition, French Monuments Museum (1982-1983). He is also the author around
one hundred scientific articles and as many again in the popular press.
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