Collection Abaqus PDF

Abaqus/CAE (ver. 6.
11) Shell Tutorial

Problem Description
The aluminum arch (E = 70 GPa, = 0.3) shown below is completely clamped along the flat faces. The arch
supports a pressure of 100 MPa.
In this example, we also practice how to mesh a portion of geometry and how to avoid modeling
unnecessary segments!
2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell
Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering
Analysis Steps
1. Start Abaqus and choose to create a new model database
2. In the model tree double click on the Parts node (or right click on parts and select Create)
3. In the Create Part dialog box (shown above) name the part and
a. Select 3D
b. Select Deformable
c. Select Shell
d. Select Extrusion
e. Set approximate size = 100
f. Click Continue
4. Create the geometry shown below (not discussed here). Units shown are in mm.
a. Click Done
b. Set Depth = 10
c. Click OK
5. Double click on the Materials node in the model tree
a. Name the new material and give it a description

b. Click on the Mechanical tabElasticityElastic
c. Define Youngs Modulus and the Poissons Ratio (use SI (mm) units)
i. WARNING: There are no predefined system of units within Abaqus, so the user is
responsible for ensuring that the correct values are specified
ii. See the table of consistent units below
Quantity
SI
SI (mm)
Length
mm
Force
Mass
kg
Time
Stress
US Unit (ft) US Unit (inch)

ft
in
lbf
lbf
tonne (10 kg)
slug
lbf s2/in
Pa (N/m ) MPa (N/mm )
lbf/ft
psi (lbf/in2)
Energy
mJ (103 J)
ft lbf
in lbf
Density
kg/m3
tonne/mm3
slug/ft3
lbf s2/in4
d. Click OK
6. Double click on the Sections node in the model tree

a. Name the section shell_properties and select Shell for the category and Homogeneous for the
type
b. Click Continue
c. Select the material created above (aluminum) and set the thickness to 1 (mm).
d. Adjust the thickness integration points if necessary
i. For Simpson integration the number of points must be odd and between 3 and 15
ii. For Gauss integration the number of points must be between 2 and 15
e. Click OK
7. Expand the Parts node in the model tree, expand the node of the part just created, and double click on
Section Assignments
a. Select the entire geometry in the viewport and press Done in the prompt area
b. Select the section created above (shell_properties).
c. Specify shell offset if necessary. For this example use the default of middle surface.
d. Click OK
8. In the toolbox area click on the Partition Face: Sketch icon

a. Select all faces and click Done
b. Select one of the flat faces as the sketch plane
c. Specify Through All for the projection distance. Note the arrow should encompass the entire part.
d. Select Flip if the arrow showing the project direction is incorrect, and/or press OK
e. Select one of the edges on the end of the part as the vertical sketch direction
f. Create a sketch that will divide the part into quarters. For example: draw a vertical line, select the
equal distance constraint, pick the node at the upper right, pick the node at the upper left, then pick
the drawn vertical line. The constraint will move the line to the midpoint.
g. Select Done
9. Expand the Assembly node in the model tree and then double click on Instances
a. Select Dependent for the instance type
b. Click OK
10. Save the model

a. This model will be used as a starting place for further tutorials
11. Double click on the Steps node in the model tree

a. Name the step, set the procedure to General, and select Static, General
b. Give the step a description
12. Expand the History Output Requests node in the model tree, and then right click on H-Output-1 (H-Output-1
was automatically generated when creating the step) and select Delete
13. Expand the Field Output Requests node in the model tree, and then double click on F-Output-1 (F-Output-1
was automatically generated when creating the step)
a. Uncheck the variables Strains and Contact
14. Because the part is symmetrical and the flat surfaces are fully restrained only a quarter of the arch needs to
be modeled.
15. Because the flat surfaces are assumed to be fully restrained we do not need to include them, and can instead
fix just the edge.
16. Double click on the BCs node in the model tree
a. Name the boundary conditioned Fixed and select Symmetry/Antisymmetry/Encastre for the type
b. Select the edge shown below and click Done
c. Select ENCASTRE for the boundary condition and click OK
Note: Restraining the entire surface will be inefficient, requiring

unnecessary meshing of the portion of the geometry which will have
no influence on the stiffness properties, and thus the result of
simulation. Therefore, the restraint is applied to the shown edge to
reduce the problem size. Noting this, the geometry creation could
have been simplified right from the start!

a. Name the boundary conditioned Zsymm and select
Symmetry/Antisymmetry/Encastre for the type
b. Select the edge shown below and click Done
c. Select ZSYMM for the boundary condition
d. Repeat for the other edge and select Xsymm to apply x-dir symmetry condition.
18. Double click on the Loads node in the model tree
a. Name the load Pressure and select Pressure as the type
10
b. Select the quarter of the arch surface with the boundary conditions applied to it
c. Select the color corresponding to the top surface
d. For the magnitude enter 600
11
19. In the model tree double click on Mesh for the Arch part, and in the toolbox area click on the Assign
Element Type icon
a. Select the portion of the geometry associated with the boundary conditions and load
b. Select Standard for element type
c. Select Linear for geometric order
d. Select Shell for family
e. Note that the name of the element (S4R) and its description are given below the element controls
f. Select OK
20. In the toolbox area click on the Assign Mesh Controls icon
a. Select the portion of the geometry
associated with the boundary
conditions and load
b. Change the element shape to Quad
21. In the toolbox area click on the Seed Edges icon

a. Select the shorter edges of the portion of the geometry associated with the
boundary conditions and load
i. Select By Number method and Specify 5 elements
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b. Repeat step a. for the longer curved edges of the portion of the geometry associated with the
boundary conditions and load
ii. Specify 10 elements
c. Select Done
22. In the toolbox area click on the Mesh Region icon
d. Select the portion of the geometry associated with the boundary conditions and load
e. Select Done
13
23. In the model tree double click on the Job node

a. Name the job arch_linear_static
b. Give the job a description
24. In the model tree right click on the job just created (arch_linear_static) and select Submit
f. Ignore the message about unmeshed portions of the geometry, click yes to continue.
g. While Abaqus is solving the problem right click on the job submitted (arch_linear_static), and select
Monitor
h. In the Monitor window check that there are no errors or warnings

iii. If there are errors, investigate the cause(s) before resolving
iv. If there are warnings, determine if the warnings are relevant, some warnings can be safely
ignored
14
25. In the model

m
tree right click on the
e submitted and
a successfuully completeed job (arch_linear_static),, and select
Resultss
26. In the menu

m
bar clickk on ViewporttViewport Annotations
A
Options
a. Uncheck the Show comp
pass option
b. The locationss of viewport items can be
e specified onn the correspo
onding tab in the Viewport
Annotations Options
2012 Hormoz Zarreh & Jenna Bell
15
P
Portland State Uniiversity, Mechanical Engineering
27. Display the deformed contour of the (Von) Mises stress overlaid with the undeformed geometry
a. In the toolbox area click on the following icons
i. Plot Contours on Deformed Shape
ii. Allow Multiple Plot States
iii. Plot Undeformed Shape
28. In the toolbox area click on the Common Plot

Options icon
a. Set the Deformation Scale Factor to 10
b. Click OK
16
29. To determine the stress values, click on the probe values icon
a. Set the probe to Nodes
b. In the viewport mouse over the element of interest
c. Note that Abaqus reports stress values from the integration points, which may differ slightly from the
values determined by projecting values from surrounding integration points to the nodes
i. The minimum and maximum stress values contained in the legend are from the stresses
projected to the nodes
d. Click on an element to store it in the Selected Probe Values portion of the dialogue box
30. The field output tool bar can be used to change the output displayed
a. The middle drop down tab selects the field output of interest.
b. The right drop down is used to select the variant or component.
17
Abaqus/CAE (ver. 6.10) Material Nonlinearity Tutorial

Problem Description
A rectangular steel cantilevered beam has a downward load applied to the one end. The load is expected to
produce plastic deformation. An experimentally determined stress strain curve was supplied for the steel
material. We will investigate the magnitude and depth of plastic strain.
2011 Hormoz Zareh
Analysis Steps
2. In the model tree double click on the Parts node (or right click on parts and select Create)
a. Select 2D Planar
c. Select Shell
d. Set approximate size = 200
e. Click Continue
4. Create the geometry shown below (not discussed here)
2011 Hormoz Zareh

b. The stress strain data, shown below, was measured for the material used
i. This data is based on the nominal (engineering) stress and strain
Nominal Stress (Pa) Nominal Strain

0.00E+00
0.00E+00
2.00E+08
9.50E-04
2.40E+08
2.50E-02
2.80E+08
5.00E-02
3.40E+08
1.00E-01
3.80E+08
1.50E-01
4.00E+08
2.00E-01
Nominal Stress (Pa)
4.00E+08
3.00E+08
2.00E+08
1.00E+08
0.00E+00
-5.00E-16
2.50E-02
5.00E-02
7.50E-02
1.00E-01
1.25E-01
Nominal Strain
1.50E-01
1.75E-01
2.00E-01
ii. Abaqus expects the stress strain data to be entered as true stress and true plastic strain
1. In addition the modulus of elasticity must correspond to the slope defined by the
first point (the yield point)
iii. To convert the nominal stress to true stress, use the following equation
1.
=
(1 +
)
iv. To convert the nominal strain to true strain, use the following equation
1.
= (1 +
)
v. To calculate the modulus of elasticity, divide the first nonzero true stress by the first nonzero
true strain
vi. To convert the true strain to true plastic strain, use the following equation
1.
2011 Hormoz Zareh
vii. The results should be
True Stress (Pa) Plastic Strain Elastic Modulus (Pa)

2.002E+08
0.000E+00
2.1083E+11
2.460E+08
2.374E-02
2.940E+08
4.784E-02
3.740E+08
9.436E-02
4.370E+08
1.388E-01
4.800E+08
1.814E-01
c. Click on the Mechanical tabElasticityElastic
i. Enter the calculated modulus of elasticity, and Poisons ratio of 0.3
d. Click on the Mechanical tabPlasticityPlastic
i. Enter the calculated true stress and plastic strain
1. Note that you can simply copy your calculated values from Excel (or similar) and
paste them into Abaqus
e. Click OK

a. Name the section PlaneStressProperties and select Solid for the category and Homogeneous
for the type
b. Click Continue
c. Select the material created above (Steel) and set the thickness to 5.
d. Click OK
2011 Hormoz Zareh
7. Expand the Parts node in the model tree, expand the node of the part just created, and double click on
Section Assignments
b. Select the section created above (PlaneStressProperties)
c. Verify From section is selected under Thickness
d. Click OK
8. Expand the Assembly node in the model tree and then double click on Instances
a. Select Dependent for the instance type
b. Click OK
2011 Hormoz Zareh

a. Name the step, set the procedure to General, and select Static, General
b. On the Basic tab, give the step a description and change the time period to 2
i. For this analysis neglect the effects of geometric nonlinearities (Nlgeom = Off)
c. On the Incrementation tab,

i. Set the initial increment size to 0.05
ii. Set the maximum increment size to 0.2
2011 Hormoz Zareh
d. Click OK
a. Name the boundary conditioned Fixed and select Symmetry/Antisymmetry/Encastre for the type
b. Select the left edge and click Done

c. Select ENCASTRE for the boundary condition and click OK
11. Double click on the Amplitudes node in the model tree

a. Name the amplitude Triangular Loading and select Tabular
b. Enter the data points shown below
2011 Hormoz Zareh
i. Abaqus multiplies the load by the amplitude definition, therefore 0 is no load and 1 is the full
load

a. Name the load and select Surface traction as the type
b. Select the right edge
2011 Hormoz Zareh
c. Under Direction, click edit and select the upper-right corner as the first point, and the lower-right
corner as the second point
d. For the magnitude, enter 5e6
e. For the amplitude, select the amplitude created above (Triangular loading)
2011 Hormoz Zareh
13. In the model tree double click on Mesh for the beam part, and in the toolbox area click on the Assign
Element Type icon
a. Select the entire geometry
b. Select Standard for element type
c. Select Quadratic for geometric order
d. Select Plane stress for family
e. Note that the name of the element (S4R) and its description are given below the element controls
f. Select OK
14. In the toolbox area click on the Assign Mesh Controls icon
a. Select the portion of the geometry associated with the boundary conditions and load
b. Change the element shape to Quad
c. Set the technique to Structured
2011 Hormoz Zareh
10
15. In the toolbox area click on the Seed Edges icon
a.
b.
c.
d.
Select the left and right edges, click Done

Select By number
Set Bias to None
Under Sizing Controls enter 8 elements, Click OK
16. In the toolbox area ensure the Seed Edges icon is still selected
a. Select the top and bottom edges
b. Set Method to By number and Bias to Single
c. Set the number of elements to 50
d. Set the bias ratio to 2
2011 Hormoz Zareh
11
e. The bias arrows point towards the direction of the smaller elements, so in this case they should point
to the left. If they dont, click the Select button located to the right of Flip Bias
f.
Select the top and bottom edges and select Done
g. The arrows should now point to the left

h. Click the OK button
17. In the toolbox area click on the Mesh Part icon

2011 Hormoz Zareh
12
a. Name the job plastic_beam

19. In the model tree right click on the job just created and select Submit
a. Ignore the message about unmeshed portions of the geometry
b. While Abaqus is solving the problem right click on the job submitted, and select Monitor
c.
d. In the Monitor window check that there are no errors or warnings

i. If there are errors, investigate the cause(s) before resolving
ii. If there are warnings, determine if the warnings are relevant, some warnings can be safely
ignored
iii. In the far right column, note how Abaqus adjusted the increment
2011 Hormoz Zareh
13
20. In the model tree right click on the submitted and successfully completed job, and select Results
21. In the menu bar click on ViewportViewport Annotations Options

a. Uncheck the Show compass option
b. The locations of viewport items can be specified on the corresponding tab in the Viewport
Annotations Options
2011 Hormoz Zareh
14
22. Display the deformed contour of the (Von) Mises stress

23. In the toolbox area click on the Common Plot Options icon
a. Set the Deformation Scale Factor to 1
b. Click OK
24. Click on the arrows on the context bar to change the time step being displayed
a. Click on the three squares to bring up the frame selector slider bar
2011 Hormoz Zareh
15
25. To change the output being displayed, in the menu bar click on ResultsField Output
a. Select one of the plastic strain related outputs (PE or PEEQ)
b. Click OK
Alternatively, you can select the output variable from the corresponding toolbar (shown below).
Hint: If you dont see the toolbar, go to view Toolbars and activate the Field output to display the
toolbar (a checkmark will appear next to it).
Note that PE displays individual plastic strain (similar to principal strain) components, while PEEQ variable
provides the equivalent plastic strain value (similar to vonMises equivalent stress).
2011 Hormoz Zareh
16
Spring 2011
01/21/11
ABAQUS Tutorial
3D Modeling
This exercise intends to demonstrate the steps you would follow in creating and analyzing a
simple solid model using ABAQUS CAE.
Introduction
A solid undergoes thermal expansion due to the application of heat along with deformation due to
applied load.
Model Definition
Consider a thin aluminum cylinder of length 1 m and inner and outer radii 0.2 m & 0.21 m respectively.
The cylinder is kept fixed at one end and at the other end a tensile load of 200 kPa is applied. The fixed
end of the cylinder is at 273.15 K (the ambient temperature) and the free end at 274.15 K (all other sides
are insulated). The cylinder expands due to the heat flow.
The various functions within ABAQUS are organized into modules and we are going to use these
modules to define the steps in our procedure.
1. >module load abaqus/6.9-2
2. >abaqus cae
3. Once you start ABAQUS CAE select Create Model Database to create a new model.
4. The default module that opens up is the Part Module.
Part Module:
This module allows you to create the geometry required for the problem. To create a 3-D
geometry you first create a 2-D profile and then manipulate it to obtain the solid geometry.
1. From the Part Toolbox on the left of the viewport select Create Part.
2. You can name the part as cylinder or anything else you like. We are going to create a
deformable solid shape in the 3-D modeling space through extrusion so we do not
change the default selections.
3. Enter 1 as the approximate size and click Continue.
4. Click Create Circle Center and Perimeter on the drawing toolbox and enter 0, 0 as the
center point in field below the viewport and press Enter. Enter the perimeter point as
0.21, 0 and press Enter to complete the circle. Similarly make another circle with the
same center and the perimeter point as 0.2, 0. Press Esc to exit the circle definition and
then press Done.
5. Enter the extrusion depth as 1 and press OK.
6. Click Auto-Fit View in the toolbar above to zoom out and view all the points.
This finishes our work in the Part module. Select Module: Property from the toolbar above the
viewport.
Property Module:
In this module you define the material properties for your analysis and assign those properties
to the available parts.
1. Select Create Material from the Property Toolbox.
2. Enter material name as Aluminum. Click on the General tab and select Density from the
drop-down menu. Type in the mass density as 2700. Click on the Mechanical tab and
select Elasticity>Elastic from the drop-down menu. Enter the Youngs Modulus as 70E9
and the Poissons Ratio as 0.33. Click on the Mechanical tab and select Expansion. Edit
the reference temperature to 273.15 and the expansion coefficient to 23e-6. Click on
the Thermal tab and select Conductivity. Enter the thermal conductivity as 160. Click on
the Thermal tab and select Specific Heat. Enter the value as 900 and click OK.
3. Select Create Section from the property toolbox. Name the section as you like. We need
a solid homogeneous section for our problem. Click Continue. Select the material as
Aluminum and click OK.
4. Click Assign Section on the property toolbox and select the part from the viewport. Click
Done below. Select the section you had created and click OK.
Our work in the Property module is done and we select the Assembly Module from the toolbar
above the viewport.
Assembly Module:
This module allows you to assemble together parts that you have created. Even if you have a
single part you need to include it in your assembly.
1. Select Instance Part from the Assembly Toolbox.
2. Select the part you have created from the parts list and then select Instance type:
Independent. Click OK.
Select Module: Step from the toolbar above.

Step Module:
This module allows you to select the kind of analysis you want to perform on your model and
define the parameters associated with it. You can also select which variables you want to
included in the output files in this modules. You apply loads over a step. To apply a sequence of
loads create several steps and define the loads for each of them.
1. Select Create Step from the Step Toolbox.
2. Name the step as you want and select Coupled temp-displacement as the procedure.
Click Continue.
3. The edit step dialog box lets you choose the solution technique, the solver type and
define the time stepping strategy.
4. Under Basic change the Response to Steady-state and click OK.
The Interaction Module allows you to set up interactions (contact, film), constraints,
connectors, fasteners and wire feature between parts. Our problem does not involve any of
these features but it will be a good idea to explore this module on your own at a later time.
Select Module: Load from the toolbar above.
Load Module:
The Load Module is where you define the loads and boundary conditions for your model for a
particular step (indicated in the toolbar above). You can even define loads and boundary
conditions as fields like electric potential, acoustic pressure, etc.
1. Select Create Load from the Load Toolbox. Select Surface Traction and click Continue.
Select the top face of the cylinder (z=1) (it gets highlighted in red) and click Done.
2. Change the Traction type to General. Click on the Edit tab under Direction in the dialog
box. Enter the starting point of the direction vector as (0, 0, 0) and the end point as (0,0,
1). Enter the Magnitude as 2e5 and click OK.
3. Select Create Boundary Condition from the Load Toolbox. Select Symmetry /
Antisymmetry / Encastre and click Continue. Select the bottom face (z=0) of the
cylinder and click Done. Select Pinned (U1=0, U2=0, U3=0) and click OK.
4. Again select Create Boundary Condition from the Load Toolbox. Switch Category to
Other and select Temperature and click Continue. Select the bottom face of the cylinder
and press Done. Enter the magnitude as 273.15 and click OK. Similarly put the top face
at 274.15.
Now that we have defined the loads and the boundary conditions we move on to mesh the
geometry. Select Module: Mesh from the toolbar above the viewport.
Mesh Module:
The mesh model controls how you mesh your model the type of element, their size etc.
1. Select Seed Part Instance from the mesh toolbox. Enter the approximate global size as
0.025.
2. Click on Mesh Part Instance and then on Yes to mesh the model.
3. Select Assign Element Type from the mesh toolbox. Under Family select Coupled
Temperature-Displacement and switch Geometric Order to Quadratic. Click OK.
When finished select Module: Job from the toolbar above.

Job Module:
This module allows you to submit your model for analysis.
1. Select Create Job from the Job Toolbox. Name the job as you like. Select your model
and click Continue.
2. You can add a description to the job, allocate memory, allot multiple processors and
select precision. Use the default values and click OK.
3. Select the Job Manager from the toolbox and click on the Write Input tab.
4. If you are running the job for the first time it is advisable to run Data Check to check the
input file for errors. Click OK to overwrite the job files.
5. Once the data check is completed Submit the job for analysis. Click OK to overwrite the
job files. You can click Monitor to observe the progress of the solution process. You can
see the errors, warnings, data and message file.
6. Once the job is completed click on the Results tab on the job manager. This opens the
Visualization Module for postprocessing.
Visualization Module:
This model allows you to look at your model after deformation. You can also plot values of
stress, displacement, reaction forces, etc. as contours on your model surface or as vectors
or tensors.
1. Select Plot Deformed Shape from the Visualization toolbox.
2. Select Plot Contours on Deformed Shape to plot stress contours on the model
surface.
3. You can see the location of the maximum & minimum stresses by selecting Contour
Options>Limits>Show Location.
4. Select Results>Field Output from the main menu. This opens a dialog box that
allows you to select the variable you want to plot in the viewport.
5. Select U (Spatial Displacement at nodes)>Magnitude>OK to plot the displacement
contours on the model.
6. To plot displacement vectors click on Plot Symbols on Deformed Shape on the

toolbox.
7. You can now animate this plot by selecting Animate Harmonic.

Mouse Gestures:
Ctrl+Alt+Left Click (MB1): Rotate View
Ctrl+Alt+Middle Click (MB2): Pan View
Ctrl+Alt+Right Click (MB3): Magnify View
Use Shift key to select multiple objects.
Note on System of Units:
ABAQUS has no built-in system of units. Specify all unit data in consistent units. Some common
systems of consistent units:
SI: m, N, kg, s, Pa, J, kg/m3
SI (mm): mm, N, tonne (1000 kg), s, MPa, mJ, tonne/mm3
US Unit (ft): ft, lbf, slug, s, lbf/ft2, ft lbf, slug/ft3
Questions, comments? Contact: beatnic@aset.psu.edu
ME 455/555 Intro to Finite Element Analysis
Winter 09
Abaqus/CAE truss tutorial
Abaqus/CAE Truss Tutorial (Revised January 21, 2009)

ProblemDescription:
Solve for displacements of the free node and the reaction forces of the truss structure shown in the
figure. This is the sample problem from the lecture note example.
Material is Steel with E = 210 GPa and =0.25.
1 kN
1000 mm2
1250 mm2
750 mm
2009 Hormoz Zareh & Jayson Martinez
Winter 09
AnalysisSteps
1. StartAbaqusandchoosetocreateanewmodeldatabase
2. InthemodeltreedoubleclickonthePartsnode(orrightclickonpartsandselectCreate)
3. IntheCreatePartdialogbox(shownabove)namethepartand
a. Select2DPlanar
b. SelectDeformable
c. SelectWire
d. Setapproximatesize=1
e. ClickContinue
4. Createthegeometryshownbelow(notdiscussedhere)
Winter 09
5. DoubleclickontheMaterialsnodeinthemodeltree
a. Namethenewmaterialandgiveitadescription
b. ClickontheMechanicaltabElasticityElastic
c. DefineYoungsModulusandPoissonsRatio(usebaseSIunits)
i. WARNING:TherearenopredefinedsystemofunitswithinAbaqus,sotheuseris
responsibleforensuringthatthecorrectvaluesarespecified
d. ClickOK
Winter 09
6. DoubleclickontheSectionsnodeinthemodeltree
a. NamethesectionHorizontalBarandselectBeamforboththecategoryandTrussforthe
type
b. ClickContinue
c. Selectthematerialcreatedabove(Steel)
d. Setcrosssectionalarea=0.001(baseSIunits,m2)
e. ClickOK
f.
RepeatfortheAngledBar
i. Crosssectionalarea=0.00125
Winter 09
7. ExpandthePartsnodeinthemodeltree,expandthenodeofthepartjustcreated,anddoubleclick
onSectionAssignments
a. Selectthehorizontalportionofthegeometryintheviewport
b. ClickDone
c. SelecttheHorizontalBarsectioncreatedabove
d. ClickOK
e. Repeatfortheangledportionofthegeoemetry
8. ExpandtheAssemblynodeinthemodeltreeandthendoubleclickonInstances
a. SelectDependentfortheinstancetype
b. ClickOK
Winter 09
9. DoubleclickontheStepsnodeinthemodeltree
a. Namethestep,settheproceduretoGeneral,andselectStatic,General
b. ClickContinue
c. Givethestepadescription
d. ClickOK
Winter 09
10. ExpandtheFieldOutputRequestsnodeinthemodeltree,andthendoubleclickonFOutput1(F
Output1wasautomaticallygeneratedwhencreatingthestep)
a. UncheckthevariablesStrainsandContact
b. ClickOK
11. ExpandtheHistoryOutputRequestsnodeinthemodeltree,andthenrightclickonHOutput1(H
Output1wasautomaticallygeneratedwhencreatingthestep)andselectDelete
Winter 09
12. DoubleclickontheBCsnodeinthemodeltree
a. NametheboundaryconditionedPinnedandselectDisplacement/Rotationforthetype
b. ClickContinue
c. Selecttheendpointsontheleft(shiftselect)andpressDoneinthepromptarea
d. ChecktheU1andU2displacementsandsetthemto0
e. ClickOK
Winter 09
13. DoubleclickontheLoadsnodeinthemodeltree
a. NametheloadPointLoadandselectConcentratedforceasthetype
b. ClickContinue
c. SelectthevertexontherightandpressDoneinthepromptarea
d. SpecifyCF2=1000
e. ClickOK
Winter 09
14. InthemodeltreedoubleclickonMeshfortheTrusspart,andinthetoolboxareaclickonthe
AssignElementTypeicon
a. SelectStandardforelementtype
b. SelectLinearforgeometricorder
c. SelectTrussforfamily
d. Notethatthenameoftheelement(B21)anditsdescriptionaregivenbelowtheelement
controls
e. ClickOK
15. InthetoolboxareaclickontheSeedEdge:ByNumbericon(holddownicontobringuptheother
options)
a. SelecttheentiregeometryandclickDoneinthepromptarea
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Winter 09
b. Definethenumberofelementsalongtheedgesas1andclickEnterinthepromptregion,
thenDoneinresponsetothenextprompt.
c.
16. InthetoolboxareaclickontheMeshParticon
a. ClickYesinthepromptarea
17. InthemenubarselectViewPartDisplayOptions
a. OntheMeshtabcheckShownodelabelsandShowelementlabels
b. ClickOK
11
Winter 09
18. InthemodeltreedoubleclickontheJobnode
a. NamethejobTruss
b. ClickContinue
c. Givethejobadescription
d. ClickOK
19. Inthemodeltreerightclickonthejobjustcreated(Truss)andselectSubmit
a. WhileAbaqusissolvingtheproblemrightclickonthejobsubmitted(Truss),andselect
Monitor
12
Winter 09
b. IntheMonitorwindowcheckthattherearenoerrorsorwarnings
i. Ifthereareerrors,investigatethecause(s)beforeresolving
ii. Iftherearewarnings,determineifthewarningsarerelevant,somewarningscanbe
safelyignored
20. Inthemodeltreerightclickonthesubmittedandsuccessfullycompletedjob(Truss),andselect
Results
13
Winter 09
21. InthemenubarclickonViewportViewportAnnotationsOptions
a. UnchecktheShowcompassoption
b. ThelocationsofviewportitemscanbespecifiedonthecorrespondingtabintheViewport
AnnotationsOptions
c. ClickOK
22. Displaythedeformedcontourofthe(Von)Misesstressoverlaidwiththeundeformedgeometry
a. Inthetoolboxareaclickonthefollowingicons
i. PlotContoursonDeformedShape
ii. AllowMultiplePlotStates
iii. PlotUndeformedShape
14
Winter 09
23. InthetoolboxareaclickontheCommonPlotOptionsicon
a. NotethattheDeformationScaleFactorcanbesetontheBasictab
b. OntheLabelstabcheckShowelementlabels,Shownodelabels,andShownode
symbols
c. ClickOK
15
Winter 09
16
Winter 09
24. Todeterminethestressvalues,fromthemenubarclickToolsQueryProbeValues,andclickOK.
a. ChecktheboxeslabeledNodesandS,Mises
b. Intheviewportmouseovertheelementofinterest
c. NotethatAbaqusreportsstressvaluesfromtheintegrationpoints,whichmaydifferslightly
fromthevaluesdeterminedbyprojectingvaluesfromthesurroundingintegrationpointsto
thenodes
i. Theminimumandmaximumstressvaluescontainedinthelegendarefromthe
stressesprojectedtothenodes
d. ClickonanelementtostoreitintheSelectedProbeValuesportionofthedialoguebox
e. ClickCancel
25. Tochangetheoutputbeingdisplayed,inthemenubarclickonResultsFieldOutput
a. SelectSpatialdisplacementatnodes
i. Component=U2
b. ClickOK
17
Winter 09
26. Tocreateatextfilecontainingthestresses,verticaldisplacements,andreactionforces(includingthe
total),inthemenubarclickonReportFieldOutput
a. Fortheoutputvariableselect(Von)Mises
b. OntheSetuptabspecifythenameandthelocationforthetextfile
c. UnchecktheColumntotalsoption
d. ClickApply
18
Winter 09
e. BackontheVariabletabchangethepositiontoUniqueNodal
f. Uncheckthestressvariable,andselecttheU2spatialdisplacement
g. ClickApply
h. OntheVariabletab,uncheckSpatialdisplacementandselecttheRF2reactionforce
i. OntheSetuptab,checktheColumntotalsoption
j. ClickOK
19
Winter 09
27. Openthe.rptfilewithanytexteditor
a. Onethingtocheckisthatthetotaldownwardreactionforceisequaltotheappliedload
(1,000N)
20
Abaqus/CAE(ver.6.8)VibrationsTutorial
ProblemDescription
Thetwodimensionalbridgestructure,whichconsistsofsteelTsections,issimplysupportedatitslowercorners.
Determinethefirst10eigenvaluesandnaturalfrequencies.
AnalysisSteps
a. Select2DPlanar
b. SelectDeformable
c. SelectWire
e. ClickContinue
c. DefineYoungsModulusandPoissonsRatio(useSIunits)
i. WARNING:TherearenopredefinedsystemofunitswithinAbaqus,sotheuserisresponsible
forensuringthatthecorrectvaluesarespecified
d. ClickontheGeneraltabDensity
e. Density=7800
f. ClickOK
6. DoubleclickontheProfilesnodeinthemodeltree
a. NametheprofileandselectTfortheshape
i. NotethattheTshapeisoneofseveralpredefinedcrosssections
b. ClickContinue
c. Enterthevaluesfortheprofileshownbelow
d. ClickOK
a. NamethesectionBeamPropertiesandselectBeamforboththecategoryandthetype
b. ClickContinue
c. LeavethesectionintegrationsettoDuringAnalysis
d. Selecttheprofilecreatedabove(TSection)
e. Selectthematerialcreatedabove(Steel)
f. ClickOK
8. ExpandthePartsnodeinthemodeltree,expandthenodeofthepartjustcreated,anddoubleclickon
SectionAssignments
a. Selecttheentiregeometryintheviewport
b. Selectthesectioncreatedabove(BeamProperties)
c. ClickOK
b. ClickOK
a. Namethestep,settheproceduretoLinearperturbation,andselectFrequency
b. ClickContinue
d. SelecttheradiobuttonValueunderNumberofeigenvaluesrequestedandenter10
e. ClickOK
a. NametheboundaryconditionedPinnedandselectDisplacement/Rotationforthetype
b. ClickContinue
c. SelectthelowerleftvertexofthegeometryandpressDoneinthepromptarea
d. ChecktheU1andU2displacementsandsetthemto0
e. ClickOK
f.
Repeatforthelowerrightvertex,butmodelarollerrestraint(onlyU2fixed)instead
12. InthemodeltreedoubleclickonMeshfortheBridgepart,andinthetoolboxareaclickontheAssign
ElementTypeicon
c. SelectBeamforfamily
d. Notethatthenameoftheelement(B21)anditsdescriptionaregivenbelowtheelementcontrols
e. ClickOK
13. InthetoolboxareaclickontheSeedEdge:ByNumbericon(holddownicontobringuptheotheroptions)
a. SelecttheentiregeometryandclickDoneinthepromptarea
b. Definethenumberofelementsalongtheedgesas5
a. ChecktheRenderbeamprofilesoption
b. ClickOK
16. ChangetheModuletoProperty
a. ClickontheAssignBeamOrientationicon
b. Selecttheentiregeometryfromtheviewport
c. ClickDoneinthepromptarea
d. Acceptthedefaultvalueoftheapproximaten1direction
17. Notethatthepreviewshowsthatthebeamcrosssectionsarenotallorientatedasdesired(seeProblem
Description)

18. InthetoolboxareaclickontheAssignBeam/TrussTangenticon
a. Clickonthesectionsofthegeometrythatareoffby180degrees
a. NamethejobBridge
b. ClickContinue
c. Givethejobadescription
d. ClickOK
20. Inthemodeltreerightclickonthejobjustcreated(Bridge)andselectSubmit
a. WhileAbaqusissolvingtheproblemrightclickonthejobsubmitted(Bridge),andselectMonitor
10
ii. Iftherearewarnings,determineifthewarningsarerelevant,somewarningscanbesafely
ignored
21. Inthemodeltreerightclickonthesubmittedandsuccessfullycompletedjob(Bridge),andselectResults
11
b. ThelocationsofviewportitemscanbespecifiedonthecorrespondingtabintheViewportAnnotations
Options
c. ClickOK
23. Displaythedeformedcontouroverlaidwiththeundeformedgeometry
12
a. NotethattheDeformationScaleFactorcanbesetontheBasictab
b. OntheLabelstabchecktheshownodesymbolsicon
c. ClickOK
13
25. InthemenubarclickonResultsStep/Frame
a. ChangethemodebydoubleclickingintheFrameportionofthewindow
b. Observetheeigenvaluesandfrequencies
c. ClickOK
26. InthetoolboxareaclickonAnimationOptions
a. ChangetheModetoSwing
b. ClickOK
c. AnimatebyclickingonAnimate:ScaleFactoriconinthetoolboxarea
d. Stoptheanimationbyclickingontheiconagain
27. ClickontheNextarrowonthecontextbartochangethemode
14
28. ExpandtheBridge.odbnodeintheresulttree,expandtheHistoryOutputnode,andrightclickon
Eigenfrequency:
a. SelectSaveAs
b. Name=Frequencies
c. RepeatforEigenvalue
d. ObservetheXYDatanodesintheresulttree
29. InthemenubarclickonReportXY
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Selectfrom=AllXYdata
HighlightEigenvalues
ClickontheSetuptab
ClickSelectandspecifythedesirednameandlocationofthereport
ClickApply
ClickontheXYDatatab
HighlightFrequencies
ClickOK
15

30. Openthereport(.rptfile)withanytexteditor
16
Abaqus/CAEVibrationsTutorial
ProblemDescription
Thetableframe,madeofsteelboxsections,isfixedattheendofeachleg.Determinethefirst10eigenvaluesand
naturalfrequencies.
WARNING:ThereisnopredefinedsystemofunitswithinAbaqus,sotheuserisresponsibleforensuringthatthe
correctvaluesarespecified.HereweuseSIunits
2009JaysonMartinez&HormozZareh1PortlandStateUniversity,MechanicalEngineering
AnalysisSteps
a. Select3D
b. SelectDeformable
c. SelectWire
d. Setapproximatesize=5(Notimportant,determinessizeofgridtodisplay)
e. ClickContinue
f. Createthesketchshownbelow
4. InthetoolboxareaclickontheCreateDatumPlane:OffsetFromPrinciplePlaneicon
a. SelecttheXYPlaneandenteravalueof1fortheoffset
5. InthetoolboxareaclickontheCreateWire:Planaricon
a. Clickontheoutlineofthedatumplanecreatedinthepreviousstep
b. Selectanyoneofthelinestoappearverticalandontheright
c. InthetoolboxareaclickontheProjectEdgesicon
d. SelectallofthelinesintheviewportandclickDone
6. InthetoolboxareaclickontheCreateDatumPlane:3pointsicon(clickonthesmallblacktriangleinthe
bottomrightcorneroftheicontogetallofthedatumplaneoptions)
a. Select3pointsonthetopofthegeometry
7. InthetoolboxareaclickontheCreateWire:Planaricon
a. Clickontheoutlineofthedatumplanecreatedinthepreviousstep
b. Selectanyoneofthelinestoappearverticalandontheright
c. Sketchtwolinestoconnectfinishthewireframeofthetable
d. ClickonDone
c. DefineYoungsModulus(210e9)andPoissonsRatio(0.25)
d. ClickontheGeneraltabDensity
e. Density=7800
f. ClickOK
9. DoubleclickontheProfilesnodeinthemodeltree
a. NametheprofileandselectBoxfortheshape
b. ClickContinue
c. Enterthevaluesfortheprofileshownbelow
d. ClickOK
a. NamethesectionBeamPropertiesandselectBeamforboththecategoryandthetype
b. ClickContinue
c. LeavethesectionintegrationsettoDuringAnalysis
d. Selecttheprofilecreatedabove(BoxProfile)
e. Selectthematerialcreatedabove(Steel)
f. ClickOK
SectionAssignments
a. Selecttheentiregeometryintheviewport
b. Selectthesectioncreatedabove(BeamProperties)
c. ClickOK
b. ClickOK
a. Namethestep,settheproceduretoLinearperturbation,andselectFrequency
b. ClickContinue
d. SelectLanczosfortheEigensolver
e. SelecttheradiobuttonValueunderNumberofeigenvaluesrequestedandenter10
f. ClickOK
a. NametheboundaryconditionedFixedandselectSymmetry/Antisymmetry/Encastreforthetype
b. ClickContinue
c. SelecttheendofeachlegandpressDoneinthepromptarea
d. SelectENCASTREfortheboundarycondition(ENCASTREmeanscompletelyfixed/clamped)
e. ClickOK
15. InthemodeltreedoubleclickonMeshfortheTableframepart,andinthetoolboxareaclickontheAssign
ElementTypeicon
c. SelectBeamforfamily
d. ClickOK
16. InthetoolboxareaclickontheSeedParticon
a. Settheapproximateglobalsizeto0.1
a. ChecktheRenderbeamprofilesoption
b. ClickOK
19. ChangetheModuletoProperty
a. ClickontheAssignBeamOrientationicon
b. SelecttheportionsofthegeometrythatareperpendiculartotheZaxis
c. ClickDoneinthepromptarea
d. Acceptthedefaultvalueoftheapproximaten1direction(0,0,1)
e. ClickOKinthepromptarea
f.
SelecttheportionsofthegeometrythatareparalleltotheZaxis
g. ClickDoneinthepromptarea
h. EnteravectorthatisperpendiculartotheZaxisfortheapproximaten1direction(i.e.0,1,0)
i. ClickOKfollowedbyDoneinthepromptarea
j. NamethejobTableFrame
k. ClickContinue
l. Givethejobadescription
m. ClickOK
21. Inthemodeltreerightclickonthejobjustcreated(TableFrame)andselectSubmit
n. WhileAbaqusissolvingtheproblemrightclickonthejobsubmitted(TableFrame),andselectMonitor
o. IntheMonitorwindowcheckthattherearenoerrorsorwarnings
ignored
22. Inthemodeltreerightclickonthesubmittedandsuccessfullycompletedjob(TableFrame),andselectResults
p. ThelocationsofviewportitemscanbespecifiedonthecorrespondingtabintheViewportAnnotations
Options
q. ClickOK
24. Displaythedeformedcontouroverlaidwiththeundeformedgeometry
r. Inthetoolboxareaclickonthefollowingicons
iii. PlotContoursonDeformedShape
iv. AllowMultiplePlotStates
v. PlotUndeformedShape
25. InthemenubarclickonResultsStep/Frame
s. ChangethemodebydoubleclickingintheFrameportionofthewindow
t. Observetheeigenvaluesandfrequencies
u. Leavethedialogueboxopentobeabletoswitchthemodeshapeswhileanimating
26. InthetoolboxareaclickonAnimationOptions
v. ChangetheModetoSwing
w. ClickOK
x. AnimatebyclickingonAnimate:ScaleFactoriconinthetoolboxarea
27. ClickonadifferentFrameintheStep/Framedialogueboxtochangethemode
28. ExpandtheTableFrame.odbnodeintheresulttree,expandtheHistoryOutputnode,andrightclickon
Eigenfrequency:
y. SelectSaveAs
z. Name=Frequencies
aa. RepeatforEigenvalue
bb. ObservetheXYDatanodesintheresulttree
29. InthemenubarclickonReportXY
cc.
dd.
ee.
ff.
gg.
hh.
ii.
jj.
Selectfrom=AllXYdata
HighlightEigenvalues
ClickontheSetuptab
ClickSelectandspecifythedesirednameandlocationofthereport
ClickApply
ClickontheXYDatatab
HighlightFrequencies
ClickOK

30. Openthereport(.rptfile)withanytexteditor
Note:Eigenvaluesthatareidenticalindicatesimilarvibrationmodes,activatedindifferentplanes.
ME455/555IntrotoFiniteElementAnalysisWinter10Abaqus/CAEAxisymmetrictutorial
Abaqus/CAEAxisymmetricTutorial
ProblemDescription
Aroundbarwithvaryingdiameterhasatotalloadof1000Nappliedtoitstopface.Thebottomofthebariscompletely
fixed.Determinestressanddisplacementvaluesinthebarresultingfromtheload.
2010HormozZareh&JaysonMartinez1PortlandStateUniversity,MechanicalEngineering
AnalysisSteps
2. InthemodeltreedoubleclickonthePartsnode(orrightclickonparts
andselectCreate)
3. IntheCreatePartdialogbox(shownabove)namethepartandselect
a. Axisymmetric
b. Deformable
c. Shell
d. Approximatesize=0.2
4. Createthegeometryshownbelow(not
discussedhere)
c. DefineYoungsModulusandthePoissonsRatio(useSIunits)
a. NamethesectionAxisymmetricPropertiesandselectSolidforthecategoryandHomogeneousfor
thetype
b. Selectthematerialcreatedabove(Steel)
7. ExpandthePartsnodeinthemodeltreeanddoubleclickonSectionAssignments
a. Selectthesurfacegeometryintheviewport
b. Selectthesectioncreatedabove(AxisymmetricProperties)
9. Inthemodeltree,undertheexpandedAssemblynode,doubleclickonSets
a. NamethesetFixed
b. Selecttheloweredgeofthesurfaceintheviewport
c. CreateanothersetnamedSymmetry
d. Selecttheleftedgeofthesurfaceintheviewport
10. Inthemodeltree,undertheexpandedAssemblynode,doubleclickonSurfaces
a. NamethesurfacePressureLoad
b. Selectthetopedgeofthesurfaceintheviewport
a. Namethestep,settheproceduretoGeneral,andselectStatic,General
b. Givethestepadescription
12. ExpandtheFieldOutputRequestsnodeinthemodeltree,andthendoubleclickonFOutput1(FOutput1was
automaticallygeneratedwhencreatingthestep)
a. UncheckthevariablesStrainsandContact
13. ExpandtheHistoryOutputRequestsnodeinthemodeltree,andthenrightclickonHOutput1(HOutput1was
automaticallygeneratedwhencreatingthestep)andselectDelete
b. InthepromptareaclickontheSetsbutton
c. SelectthesetnamedFixed

d. SelectENCASTREfortheboundarycondition
e. RepeattheprocedureforthesymmetryrestraintusingthesetnamedSymmetry,selectXSYMMfor
theboundarycondition
a. NametheloadPressureandselectPressureasthetype
b. SelectsurfacenamedPressure
c. Forthemagnitudeenter
16. InthemodeltreedoubleclickonMeshfortheBarpart,andinthetoolboxareaclickontheAssignElement
Typeicon
c. SelectAxisymmetricStressforfamily
d. Notethatthenameoftheelement(CAX4R)anditsdescriptionaregivenbelowtheelementcontrols
17. InthetoolboxareaclickontheAssignMeshControlsicon
a. ChangetheelementshapetoQuad
b. ChangetheAlgorithmtoMedialaxisforamorestructuredmesh
a. NamethejobBar
b. Givethejobadescription
21. Inthemodeltreerightclickonthejobjustcreated(Bar)andselectSubmit
a. WhileAbaqusissolvingtheproblemrightclickonthejobsubmitted(Bar),andselectMonitor
ignored
22. Inthemodeltreerightclickonthesubmittedandsuccessfullycompletedjob(Bar),andselectResults
b. ThelocationsofviewportitemscanbespecifiedonthecorrespondingtabintheViewportAnnotations
Options
24. Displaythedeformedcontourofthe(Von)Misesstress
a. InthetoolboxareaclickonthePlotContoursonDeformedShapeicon
25. Todeterminethestressvalues,fromthemenubarclickToolsQuery
a. ChecktheboxeslabeledNodesandS,Mises
b. Intheviewportmouseovertheelementofinterest
c. NotethatAbaqusreportsstressvaluesfromtheintegrationpoints,whichmaydifferslightlyfromthe
valuesdeterminedbyprojectingvaluesfromsurroundingintegrationpointstothenodes
i. Theminimumandmaximumstressvaluescontainedinthelegendarefromthestresses
projectedtothenodes
d. ClickonanelementtostoreitintheSelectedProbeValuesportionofthedialoguebox
a. SelectSpatialdisplacementatnodes
i. Invariant=Magnitude
27. Tocreateatextfilecontainingthestressesandreactionforces(includingtotal),inthemenubarclickon
ReportFieldOutput
a. Fortheoutputvariableselect(Von)Mises
b. OntheSetuptabspecifythenameandthelocationforthetextfile
c. UnchecktheColumntotalsoption
d. ClickApply
a.
b.
c.
d.
BackontheVariabletabchangethepositiontoUniqueNodal
Uncheckthestressvariable,andselecttheRF1reactionforce
OntheSetuptab,checktheColumntotalsoption
ClickOK
28. Openthe.rptfilewithanytexteditor
a. Onethingtocheckisthatthetotalreactionforceisequaltotheappliedload.
Abaqus/CAE (ver. 6.11) Nonlinear Buckling Tutorial

Problem Description
This is the NAFEMS1 proposed benchmark (Lees frame buckling) problem. The applied load is based on
the normalized (EI/L2) value of F = 996.389 N. The analysis will investigate post-buckling nonlinear
behavior of the frame at the applied load location.
This tutorial will also describe x-y plotting capability in Abaqus/CAE, including combining variables to
generate load-displacement plots.
E = 71.74109 N/m2
= 0.0
0.2 L
0.8 L
L = 1.2 m
L
0.02
0.03
National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards, NAFEMS Non-Linear Benchmarks (Glasgow:
NAFEMS, Oct., 1989, Rev. 1.) Test No. NL7.
Analysis Steps
2. In the model tree double click on the Parts node (or right click on
parts and select Create)
a. Select 2D Planar
c. Select Wire
d. Set approximate size = 10
e. Click Continue
4. Create the geometry shown below (not discussed here)

b. Click on the Mechanical tabElasticityElastic
i. Enter a Youngs modulus of 71740000000, and
Poissons ratio of 0
c. Click OK
6. Double click on the Profiles node in the model tree

a. Name the profile and select Rectangular
b. Click Continue
c. Enter 0.03 for a and 0.02 for b
d. Click OK

a. Name the section beam and select Beam for
the category and Beam for the type
b. Click Continue
c. Select the profile created above (rect_beam) and
the material created above (Material-1)
d. Click OK
8. Expand the Parts node in the model tree, expand the

node of the part just created, and double click on Section Assignments
b. Select the section created above (beam)
c. Click OK
9. In the toolbox area click on the Assign Beam Orientation button

a. Select all the geometry
b. Click Done
c.
d.
e.
f.
Leave the default values of

o 0.0,0.0,-1..0
Press the En
nter key
The beam no
ormals should
d be oriented as shown be low.
Click OK to
o confirm
10. Create a set for the upper-center

vertex
u
a. Expand the Assembly
A
nod
de in the model tree, and tthen double cclick on sets
g
for the type, Clicck Continue
b. Name the set and select geometry

ertex where th
he load is app
plied, Click D
Done
c. Select the ve
22011 Hormoz Zareeh & Jenna Bell
P
Portland State Unniversity, Mechaniccal Engineering
11. Expand the Assembly node in th

he model tree
e and then doouble click on
n Instances
a. Select Depe
endent for th
he instance tyype
b. Click OK

a. Name the ste
ep, set the prrocedure to G
General, andd select Stattic, Riks, Clickk Continue
b. On the Basic tab

escription and
d
i. Give the step a de
g
non
nlinearities on (Nlgeom = O
ON)
ii. Set geometric
iii. Unde
er Stopping criteria
c
checck Maximum
m load proporrtionality facto
or and set to
o 30
P
c. On the Incrementation tab,

i. Set the initial arc length increment size to 0.1
ii. Set the maximum arc length increment size to 2
iii. Set the maximum number of increments to 200
d. Click OK
d. Name the boundary conditioned Pinned and select Displacement/Rotation for the type
e. Click Continue
f. Select the two free ends of the frame and click Done
i. Note: to select multiple items, hold the shift key
g. Select U1 and U2 and set to zero, click OK

a. Name the load and select Concentrated force as the type
b. Click Continue
c. Select the point along the top beam near the corner, Click Done
d. Set CF1 to 0 and CF2 to -996.389
e. Click OK
15. In the model

m
tree double click on Mesh for th
he frame partt, and in the ttoolbox area click on the Assign
Elementt Type icon
a. Select the en
ntire geometrry
b. Select Stand
dard for elem
ment type
c. Select Lineaar for geome
etric order
m for family
d. Select Beam
e. Note that the
e name of the
e element (B2
21) and its deescription are given below the element controls
f. Click OK
P
16. In the toolbox area click on the Seed Part icon

h. Enter 0.08 for Approximate global size , click OK
17. In the toolbox area click on the Mesh Part icon, Click Yes
18. Expand the History Output Requests node in the model tree, and then
right click on H-Output-1 (H-Output-1 was automatically generated
when creating the step) and select Delete
19. Double click on the History Output Requests node

i. Name the history and select Continue
j. Set the domain to Sets and select the set created above
k. Leave the frequency set to every increment (n=1)
l. For the output variables select the U2 displacement
10

a. Name the job frame_buckle
11
21. In the model tree right click on the job just created and select Submit
m. While Abaqus is solving the problem right click on the job submitted, and select Monitor
n. In the Monitor window check that there are no errors or warnings

i. If there are errors, investigate the cause(s) before resolving
ii. If there are warnings, determine if the warnings are relevant, some warnings can be safely
ignored
iii. In the far right column, note how Abaqus adjusted the increment
12
22. In the model tree right click on the submitted and successfully
completed job, and select Results
23. Display the deformed contour of the (Von) Mises stress

b. Note that when including the effects of geometric
nonlinearities, the deformation scale factor defaults to a
value of 1
24. Click on the arrows on the context bar to change the time step being displayed
a. Click on the three squares to bring up the frame selector slider bar
13
25. On the results tree, expand the History Output node and double
click on the displacement history created
a. Notice that displacement it plotted against Arc Length,
not Load or Load Proportionality Factor.
b. To plot load against displacement, we will need to
extract the values for Load and displacement from the
Field Outputs.
26. In the Toolbox area click on the Create XY Data icon

a. Choose ODB field output for Source and click Continue
b. On the Variables tab
i.
Select Unique Nodal for Position
ii.
Expand CF: Point loads and select CF2
iii.
Expand U: Spatial displacement and select U2
14
c. Select the Elements/Nodes tab

iv.
Select Node Sets for Method
v.
Select the set created earlier Top
15
d. Click Save, then OK on the next window

e. Click Dismiss on the XY Data from ODB Field Output window
27. Expand the XY Data node on the results tree.
a. There should now be two sets of data under the node as shown.
b. Double click the XY Data node

c. For Source select Operate on XY data
d. From the Operators list select combine(X,X), It should appear in the expression box at the top of
the window.
vi.
The combine(X,X) operator combines two sets of saved XY data
vii.
The Y values of the first argument become the X values of the new XY data
viii.
The Y values of the second argument become the Y values of the new XY data
ix.
The values are combined wherever the X values of the two arguments align
x.
For more detail see Abaqus/CAE Users Manual section 45.4.39, Combining two X-Y data
objects
16
e. Select U:U2 P1: PART. From the XY Data section and click Add to Expression
f. Select CF:CF2 PI: PART. From the XY Data section and click Add to Expression
g. Since the load and displacement both increase in the negative direction, they need to be multiplied
by -1 to make load and displacement increase in the positive direction.
h. The final expression should look like:
i.
j.
Click Save As, name it load-displacement, click OK

Close the Operate on XY Data window
28. Right click on load-displacement under the XY Data node and

select Plot
k. The buckling behavior can be seen in the plot.
17
29. This data can also be copied into Excel or other programs.
l. Right click on load-displacement under the XY Data node and select Edit
m. Select all the data in the edit window, right click and choose Copy
n. Open Excel, right click in an empty cell and choose Paste
18
AbaqusCAE(ver.6.9)ContactTutorial
ProblemDescription
Note: You do not need to extrude the right vertical edge of the sensor.
2010 Hormoz Zareh
AnalysisSteps
a. Select3D
b. SelectDeformable
c. SelectShell
d. SelectExtrusion
e. Setapproximatesize=50
f. ClickContinue
2010 Hormoz Zareh
a. ClickDone
b. SetDepth=2
c. ClickOK
a.
b.
c.
d.
Namethenewmaterialandgiveitadescription
ClickontheMechanicaltabElasticityElastic
DefineYoungsModulusandthePoissonsRatio(useSI(mm)units)
ClickOK
2010 Hormoz Zareh
a. NamethesectionShellPropertiesandselectShellforthecategoryandHomogeneousforthe
type
b. ClickContinue
c. Selectthematerialcreatedabove(Steel)andsetthethicknessto0.15
d. ClickOK
SectionAssignments
a. Selecttheentiregeometry,exceptfortheverticalface,intheviewportandpressDoneinthe
promptarea
b. Selectthesectioncreatedabove(ShellProperties)
c. Specifyshelloffsetifnecessary
d. ClickOK
b. ClickOK
2010 Hormoz Zareh
a. Namethestep,settheproceduretoGeneral,selectStatic,General,andclickContinue
b. Acceptthedefaultsettings
b. SelectthehorizontaledgesontheverticalsurfaceandclickDone
c. SelectENCASTREfortheboundaryconditionandclickOK
2010 Hormoz Zareh
a. NametheboundaryconditionedDispandselectDisplacement/Rotationforthetype
b. Selectthetopedgeofthetriangularportionofthegeometry
c. Settheydisplacementto3
2010 Hormoz Zareh
12. DoubleclickontheInteractionPropertiesnodeinthemodeltree
a. NametheinteractionpropertiesandselectContactforthetype
b. OntheMechanicaltabSelectTangentialBehavior
i. SetthefrictionformulationtoFrictionless
c. OntheMechanicaltabSelectNormalBehavior
i. Becausethesurfacesdonotstartincontact,changetheconstraintenforcementmethodto
Penalty
13. DoubleclickontheInteractionsnodeinthemodeltree
a. Nametheinteraction,selectSurfacetosurfacecontact,andclickcontinue
b. Forthemastersurfaceselectthelowerportionofthegeometryandclickdone
i. Whileapplyingthefixeddisplacement,thenodesatthetipoftheupperportionofthe
geometrywillmakecontactatanunknownlocationonthelowersurface
ii. Nodesontheslavesurfacecannotpenetratethesurfaceformedbytheelementfacesonthe
mastersurface
c. Selectthecolorofthesurfacecorrespondingtothetopsurface
d. Fortheslavesurface,settheslavetypetoSurface
e. Selecttheupperportionofthegeometryatthefreeendandclickdone
f. Selectthecolorofthesurfacecorrespondingtothebottomsurface
g. Changethecontactinteractionpropertiestotheonecreatedabove(ifnotalreadydone)
2010 Hormoz Zareh
2010 Hormoz Zareh
14. InthemodeltreedoubleclickonMeshfortheArchpart,andinthetoolboxareaclickontheAssign
ElementTypeicon
a. Selecttheportionofthegeometryassociatedwiththeboundaryconditionsandload
b. SelectStandardforelementtype
c. SelectLinearforgeometricorder
d. SelectShellforfamily
e. Notethatthenameoftheelement(S4R)anditsdescriptionaregivenbelowtheelementcontrols
f. SelectOK
a. Selecttheportionofthegeometryassociatedwiththeboundaryconditionsandload
b. ChangetheelementshapetoQuad
c. ChangethetechniquetoStructured
2010 Hormoz Zareh
17. InthetoolboxareaclickontheMeshRegionicon
b. Selecttheentiregeometry,exceptfortheverticalface
c. SelectDone
a. Namethejobswitch
b. Givethejobadescription
2010 Hormoz Zareh
10
19. InthemodeltreerightclickonthejobjustcreatedandselectSubmit
d. Ignorethemessageaboutunmeshedportionsofthegeometry
e. WhileAbaqusissolvingtheproblemrightclickonthejobsubmitted,andselectMonitor
f.
IntheMonitorwindowcheckthattherearenoerrorsorwarnings
ignored
20. Inthemodeltreerightclickonthesubmittedandsuccessfullycompletedjob,andselectResults
2010 Hormoz Zareh
11
21. Displaythedeformedcontourofthe(Von)Misesstressoverlaidwiththeundeformedgeometry
a. SettheDeformationScaleFactorto1
b. ClickOK
a. Selectthecontactpressureatsurfacenodes(CPRESS)
b. ClickOK
2010 Hormoz Zareh
12
2010 Hormoz Zareh
13
ME455/555IntrotoFiniteElementAnalysisWinter10Abaqus/CAEHeatTransferTutorial
Abaqus/CAE(ver.6.9)HeatTransferTutorial
ProblemDescription
ThethinLshapedpartshownaboveisexposedtoatemperatureof20oConthetwosurfacesoftheinnercorner,and
120oConthetwosurfacesoftheoutercorner.Aheatfluxof10W/m2isappliedtothetopsurface.Treatthe
remainingsurfacesasinsulated.
AnalysisSteps
a. Select3D
b. SelectDeformable
c. SelectShell
d. SelectPlanar
e. Setapproximatesize=20
f. ClickContinue
b. ClickontheThermaltabConductivity
c. Definethethermalconductivity(useSIunits)
d. ClickOK
a. NamethesectionShellPropertiesandselectShellforthecategoryandHomogeneousforthetype
b. ClickContinue
c. Selectthematerialcreatedabove(Steel)andsetthethicknessto1
d. ClickOK
SectionAssignments
a. SelectthesurfacegeometryintheviewportandpressDoneinthepromptarea
b. Selectthesectioncreatedabove(ShellProperties)
c. ClickOK
b. ClickOK
9. Inthemodeltree,undertheexpandedAssemblynode,doubleclickonSets
a. NamethesetOutsideTemp
b. ClickContinue
c. Ontheselectiontoolbar,fromthedropdownmenuselectEdges
d. Selectthetwosurfacesontheoutsideofthecorner(leftandbottomedges)intheviewportandpress
Doneinthepromptarea
e. CreateanothersetnamedInsideTemp
f. SelectthetwosurfacesontheinsideofthecornerintheviewportandpressDoneinthepromptarea
10. Inthemodeltree,undertheexpandedAssemblynode,doubleclickonSurfaces
a. NamethesurfaceHeatFlux
b. ClickContinue
c. SelectthesurfaceintheviewportandpressDoneinthepromptarea
d. ChoosetheBrownside
a. Namethestep,settheproceduretoGeneral,andselectHeatTransfer
b. ClickContinue
d. SetthereponsetoSteadystate
e. ClickOK
a. NametheboundaryconditionedOutsideTempandselectTemperatureforthetype
b. ClickContinue
c. InthepromptareaclickontheSetsbutton
d. SelectthesetnamedOutsideTemp
e. ClickContinue
f. Setthemagnitudeto293
g. ClickOK
h. RepeattheprocedurefortheinsidetemperatureusingthesetnamedInsideTemp,setthemagnitude
to393
a. NametheloadHeatFluxandselectSurfaceheatfluxasthetype
b. ClickOK
c. SelectsurfacenamedHeatFlux
d. Forthemagnitudeenter10
e.
f. Notethatanyedgeorsurfacewithoutaboundaryconditionorloadaretreatedasinsulated
14. ExpandthePartsnodeinthemodeltree,expandthenodeoftheBracketpart,anddoubleclickonMesh
15. InthetoolboxareaclickontheAssignElementTypeicon
c. SelectHeatTransferforfamily
d. Notethatthenameoftheelement(DS4)anditsdescriptionaregivenbelowtheelementcontrols
e. ClickOK
a. ChangetheelementshapetoQuad
b. ChangethealgorithmtoMedialaxistoproduceamoreuniformmeshforthisgeometry
a. Settheapproximateglobalsizeto5
b. ClickOK
a. NamethejobHeatFlux
b. ClickContinue
c. Givethejobadescriptionandacceptalldefaultparameters
d. ClickOK
20. Inthemodeltreerightclickonthejobjustcreated(HeatFlux)andselectSubmit
WhileAbaqusissolvingtheproblemrightclickonthejobsubmitted(HeatFlux),andselectMonitor
IntheMonitorwindowcheckthattherearenoerrorsorwarnings.Ifthereareerrors,
investigatethecause(s)beforeresolving
21. Inthemodeltreerightclickonthesubmittedandsuccessfullycompletedjob
(HeatFlux),andselectResults
22. Tochangetheoutputbeingdisplayed,inthemenubarclick
onResultsFieldOutput
a. SelectNT11Nodaltemperatureatnodes
b. ClickOK
23. Displaythecontourofthetemperatures
a. InthetoolboxareaclickonthePlotContourson
DeformedShapeicon
24. Todeterminethetemperaturevalues,fromthemenubarclickToolsQuery
a. ChangetheprobeoptiontoNodes
b. ChecktheboxeslabeledNodeIDandNT11
c. Intheviewportmouseoverthenodeofinterest
d. WhendoneclickCancel
Abaqus CAE (ver. 6.12) Impact tutorial

Problem Description
Analuminumpartisdroppedontoarigidsurface.Theobjectiveistoinvestigatethestressanddeformationsduring
theimpact.
2013 Hormoz Zareh
Analysis Steps
3. IntheCreatePartdialogbox(shownabove)namethepartBracket
a. Select3D
b. SelectDeformable
c. SelectSolid
e. ClickContinue
4. Createthegeometryshownbelow(notdiscussedhere).Dimensionsareinmillimeters.
a. Extrudetheshapetoadepthof20.
2013 Hormoz Zareh
5. IntheCreatePartdialogbox(shownabove)namethepartRigid
a. Select3D
b. SelectAnalyticalrigid
c. Setapproximatesize=200
d. ClickContinue
6. Createthegeometryshownbelow(notdiscussedhere).Dimensionsareinmillimeters.
a. Settheextrusiondepthto200mm.
7. Createadatumpointatthecenteroftheplate(midwaybetweendiagonalpoints).
8. FromthemenubarselectToolsReferencePoint
2013 Hormoz Zareh
a. Selectthedatumpointjustcreated.
b. Thereferencepointwillbecreatedas
shown.
9. Createasurfaceontherigidplate.
a. ClickontheToolsSurfaceCreate
b. Selecttherigidplate.
c. Youwillbepromptedtopickasideforinternalfaces.Pickthecolorthatis
likelycandidateastheimpactsurface.Inthisexample,Brownhasbeenselected.
a. NamethenewmaterialAluminumandgiveitadescription
c. DefineYoungsModulusandthePoissonsRatio(useSI(mm)units)
i. Youngsmodulus=70e3,Poissonsratio=0.33
d. Sincethisisanexplicitmodel,materialdensitymustalsobedefined
e. ClickontheGeneraltabDensity
i. Density=2.6e6
f. ClickOK
2013 Hormoz Zareh
a. Namethesectionbracket_secandselectSolidforthecategoryandHomogeneousforthetype
b. ClickContinue
c. Selectthematerialcreatedabove(Aluminum)andClickOK
12. ExpandthePartsnodeinthemodeltree,expandthenodeofthepartBracket,anddoubleclickon
SectionAssignments
a. SelecttheentiregeometryintheviewportandpressDoneinthepromptarea
b. Selectthesectioncreatedabove(bracket_sec)
c. ClickOK
2013 Hormoz Zareh
b. Selecttheparts:Bracketandrigid
c. SelectAutooffsetfromotherinstances
d. ClickOK
14. Now,rotatethebracketsothattheimpactwilloccuratthelowerrightcorner.Thiswillba
accomplishedbyrotatingtheobjectfirstwithrespecttothezaxisfollowedbyrotationaboutxaxis.
a. SelectRotateInstanceicon.
b. SelecttheBracket
c. Acceptthedefaultvaluesofstartingpoint(0,0,0)bypressingEnter
d. Enter(0,0,1)fortheendpointofrotationaxis.
e. Enter15(degrees)forAngleofRotation.
Theassemblyshouldlooksimilartothescreenshot
below.Besuretoconfirmthefinalrotatedposition
byclickingonOKatthepromptregion!
15. Now,rotatethebracketaboutthexaxis.
a. SelectRotateInstanceicon.
b. SelecttheBracket
c. Acceptthedefaultvaluesofstartingpoint(0,0,0)bypressingEnter
d. Enter(1,0,0)fortheendpointofrotationaxis.
e. Enter15(degrees)forAngleofRotation.Besuretoconfirmthefinalrotatedpositionby
clickingonOKatthepromptregion!
2013 Hormoz Zareh
Theassemblyshouldlooksimilartothescreenshotbelow.
16. InthetoolboxareaclickontheTranslateInstanceicon
a. SelecttheBracketgeometry,clickDone
b. Selectthebottomcornerofthebracketasshown.
c. SelectthereferencepointontheRigidmemberastheendpoint.
d.
ClickOk
e. Thecompletedassemblyshouldnowlooklikeisshownbelow.
2013 Hormoz Zareh
a. Namethestep,settheproceduretoGeneral,selectDynamic,
Explicit,andclickContinue
b. OntheEditSteppageundertheBasictab,setthetime
periodto0.02seconds.
a. Nametheboundaryconditionfix_rigid_plateandselect
Symmetry/Antisymmetry/Encastreforthetype.
b. SelectthereferencepointonthebracketgeometryandclickDone
c. SelectENCASTREfortheboundaryconditionandclickOK
19. OpenFieldOutputRequestsnodeinthemodeltree
a. DoubleclickontheFOutput1.
b. ChangethevalueofIntervalto100.Thisallowsfor
capturingofmoreoutputincrementssothatimpact
canbebettervisualized.
c. YoumaywishtoalsochangetheHistoryoutput
Requeststoallowforbetterresolutionofhistory
outputplots.
2013 Hormoz Zareh
20. SelecttheCreatePredefinedFieldiconundertheLoadmodule.
a. Namethepredefinedfield.
b. PullldownInitialstepundertheStepselection(seefigure).
c. SettheCategorytoMechanicalandbesureVelocityisselected.
d. Notethepromptregionasksyoutoselecttheregions.
e. Rotatetheimageonthescreensothatthebracketcanbehighlighted.Be
suretherigidplateisnotselected!
f. ClickDoneinthepromptregion.
g. Whenprompted,Enter500[mm/s]intheV2fieldoftheEditPredefinedFieldwindow.The
velocityvectorsshouldnowbedisplayedonthescreen.
2013 Hormoz Zareh
21. DoubleclickontheInteractionPropertiesnodeinthemodeltree
a. NametheinteractionpropertiesandselectContactforthetype,clickContinue
b. OntheMechanicaltabSelectTangentialBehavior
i. SetthefrictionformulationtoPenalty
ii. SetFrictionCoefficientto0.5
c. OntheMechanicaltabSelectNormalBehavior
d. Acceptdefaults,
ClickOK
22. DoubleclickontheInteractionsnodeinthemodeltree
a. Nametheinteraction,selectGeneralContact(Explicit)
(Explicit)andclickContinue
b. SelectAll*withselfontheEditInteractionsWindow.
c. Besuretoassigntheappropriateinteractionpropertyunder
GlobalPropertyassignmentintheContactPropertiestabof
thewindow.
d. Changethecontactinteractionpropertiestotheonecreated
above(ifnotalreadydone)
e. ClickOK
2013 Hormoz Zareh
10
23. OpentheFieldOuput1andchangetheIntervalfortheoutputrequestto100.
24. InthemodeltreedoubleclickonMeshfortheBracketpart,orusetheModulesectionoftheiconpanelas
shown.
a. SelectExplicitforelementtype
b. SelectQuadraticforgeometricorder
c. Select3DStressforfamily
d. SelectTettabandbesuretheelementisC3D10M
e. SelectOK
YoumaychecktheMeshControltobesureonlyTETelements
arebeingusedinmeshing.
a. UnderSizingControlssetApproximateglobalsizeto2,ClickOK
2013 Hormoz Zareh
11
a. ClickYes
Caution:Themeshwillexceedtheabilityofstudentversionofthe
softwaretosolve.YouneedtouseeitherAcademicversionorthe
Researchversiontobeabletorunthejob.
a. Namethejob
b. Givethejobadescription,clickContinue
c. Acceptdefaults,clickOK
28. InthemodeltreerightclickonthejobjustcreatedandselectSubmit
a. WhileAbaqusissolvingtheproblemrightclickonthejobsubmitted,andselectMonitor
ignored.Anexampleisinformationwarningmessagebelow:
Theoption*boundary,type=displacementhasbeenused;checkstatusfilebetweenstepsforwarnings
onanyjumpsprescribedacrossthestepsindisplacementvaluesoftranslationaldof.Forrotationaldof
makesurethattherearenosuchjumps.Alljumpsindisplacementsacrossstepsareignored
2013 Hormoz Zareh
12
29. Inthemodeltreerightclickonthesubmittedandsuccessfullycompletedjob,andselectResults
30.
31. Toseetheeffectofimpact,youcaneitheranimatethedeformedshape,orstepthrougheachtimestepof
thesolution.Herethestepbystepmethodisdiscussed.
ii. SwitchtotheFirststepofthesolution.
iii. ClickontheNextstep.
iv. Repeatafewtimesandobservethechangeinthestresscontours,and
alsobesurethecontactdoesnotextendintotherigidsurface.Youallalsonoticethatthe
Bracketwillstarttoseparatefromtherigidplate!
2013 Hormoz Zareh
13
32. Youmayalsowishtoseethebehaviorofthesystemenergy,specificallymakingsuretheartificialstrain
energyisnotasubstantialpercentageoftheoverall(Internal)energyofthesystem.
a. ClickontheCreateXYDataicon.
b. BesuretheSourceisODB
Historyoutputthenclick
Continue
c. HoldtheCTRLkeyandselectthe
energytermsyouwishtoplot.IN
theexample
belowInternalandArtificalenergy
termshave
beenselected.
YoullnotethatArtificialEnergyisaverysmallportionoftheoverallInternalEnergy,thusthemodel
seemstobevalid,atleastfromthestandpointofelementbehaviorandpossibilityoferrorsdueto
meshing.
2013 Hormoz Zareh
14

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Abaqus/CAE (ver. 6.

11) Shell Tutorial

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

5. Double click on the Materials node in the model tree

a. Name the new material and give it a description

US Unit (ft) US Unit (inch)

tonne (10 kg)

Pa (N/m ) MPa (N/mm )

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

6. Double click on the Sections node in the model tree

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

8. In the toolbox area click on the Partition Face: Sketch icon

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

10. Save the model

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

11. Double click on the Steps node in the model tree

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

b. Select the edge shown below and click Done

c. Select ENCASTRE for the boundary condition and click OK

Note: Restraining the entire surface will be inefficient, requiring

17. Double click on the BCs node in the model tree

b. Select the edge shown below and click Done

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

c. Select ZSYMM for the boundary condition

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

21. In the toolbox area click on the Seed Edges icon

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

23. In the model tree double click on the Job node

h. In the Monitor window check that there are no errors or warnings

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

25. In the model

26. In the menu

2012 Hormoz Zarreh & Jenna Bell

28. In the toolbox area click on the Common Plot

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

Abaqus/CAE (ver. 6.10) Material Nonlinearity Tutorial

2011 Hormoz Zareh

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

2011 Hormoz Zareh

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

5. Double click on the Materials node in the model tree