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OBJECTIVES
1.1
1.2
1.3
2.0
types of AM signal.
Equipment / Apparatus
SCILAB Software
3.0
THEORY
3.1 Introduction to Communication Signal
In electronic communications one of the most important concepts that students
must learn that of time and frequency representation of communication signals.
Students must be able to analyze the time and frequency representation of a
signal, modify parameters, and immediately see the effect. An effective way of
doing this is using numerical computation and graphics program such as SCILAB.
Time and frequency domain representation of signals are concepts that is essential
in understanding the characteristics of amplitude and frequency modulated
signals. The ability to modify parameters and immediately see their effect on the
time and frequency representation of a signal is invaluable in understanding
communication signals.
EKT231 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
---- (1.1)
---- (1.2)
where Vc is the peak amplitude of the carrier signal and f c is the frequency of
the carrier signal.
EKT231 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Vm
Vc
--- (1.3)
, hence Vm mVc ,
then substitute Vm into equation 1.3, the instantaneous AM wave equation would
be,
am ( t ) Vc mVc sin( 2f m t )] sin( 2f c t )
Vc [ 1 m sin( 2f m t )] sin( 2f c t )
--- (1.4)
Vmax Vmin
Vmax Vmin
----- ( 1.5)
Vmin E c E m
4.0
EXAMPLE
Example 1:
Compute the expression using Scilab to analyze the signal in Time Domain. Given the
carrier frequency is 500 Hz and the amplitude is 4V. It is modulated by a signal made
up of three sinusoidal or modulating signals with the following frequencies:fm1 = 400 Hz , Em1 = 5 V ; fm2 = 250 Hz , Em2 = 2 V ; fm3 = 125 Hz , Em3 = 8 V
Solution
// generate time domain signal
t = 0:0.01:1; // declare interval
// insert all the information given
Ec = 4;
Em1 = 5;
Em2 = 2;
Em3 = 8;
fm1 = 400;
fm2 = 250;
fm3 = 125;
fc = 500;
// Amplitude modulation Equation
A=
Ec+Em1*sin(((2*%pi)*fm1)*t)+Em2*sin(((2*%pi)*fm2)*t)+Em3*sin(((2*
%pi)*fm3)*t);
Vam = A .*sin(((2*%pi)*fc)*t);
scf(1);
// figure1
plot (1:size(A,2),A);
scf(2);
//figure2
plot(1:size(vam,2),Vam)
Example 2:
With the following data, use SCILAB to generate and display an Amplitude Modulation
signal.
Carrier frequency fc = 5 kHz
Amplitude Carrier frequency = Ac = 9 V
Sampling time = 100 ms
EKT231 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
5.0
EXERCISE
Sinusodal
Modulation Frequency
1kHz
Carrier frequency
20kHz
Percentage Modulation
75%
3. In Double Side Band Suppressed Carrier (DSB-SC) modulated wave, the carrier
is suppressed and both sideband are transmitted in full. The signal is produced
simply by multiplying the modulating wave by the carrier wave.
Given, carrier signal, Vc(t) = 10 Sin 10000t , Modulating signal Vm(t) = 5 Sin
1000t and the modulation index m = 1.
a) Generate and display the DSB-SC modulated wave (time
domain)
b) Computed and display the spectrum of the modulated wave.
(frequency domain.)
1
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