Retaining Wall 4 M

DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL AT
Height above GL
Addl Load ( equivalent earth depth )
Foundation Depth
Safe Bearing Capacity
Angle of Internal Friction
Angle of Surcharge
Density of Soil
Coefficient of Friction between
concrete and soil
4.00
1.20
200
30
10
20
0.6
Coefficient of Active Earth Pressure
0.42
Coefficient of Passive Earth Pressure
2.78
Length of Toe
Length of Heel
Thickness of Wall
Thickness of Slab
Bottom =
0.70
2.40
0.60
0.45
m
m
m
KN/m2
o
o
KN/m3
0.35
m
m
m
m
Total Length of Base
3.70 m
Height of Surcharge above B
0.42 m
Weight
Top =
Distance from B
Weight of Wall / m
59.38 KN
2.65 m
Weight of Base / m
41.63 KN
1.85 m
238.08 KN
1.18 m
Weight of Earth Above Heel / m

Earth Pressure due to Addl Load
Earth Pressure due to retained earth
132.65 KN
Horizontal Component
130.64 KN
0.4
2.81
1.87 m

Vertical Component
23.04 KN

Taking moments of all forces about B, the distance of reultant from B =
Eccentricity from Centre of Base =
0.25 m
Pressure on Toe =
137.77 KN/m2
Pressure on Heel =
57.97 KN/m2
Check Against Overturning

Resisting Moment About A =
738.38 KN
Overturning Moment About A =
244.73 KN
3.02 ( Min 1.55 )
Factor of Safety against overturning =
Check Against Sliding

Resisting Force =
203.45 KN
Sliding Force =
130.64 KN
Factor of Safety against Sliding =
1.56 ( Min 1.55 )

Designing Vertical Wall
Factored BM at base of Vertical Wall =
285.84 KN-m
Fcatored SF at base of Vertical Wall =
165.87 KN
Providing haunch
width =
height =
Factored BM at top of haunch =
285.84
Factored SF at top of haunch =
165.87
Thicness of wall at top of haunch =

Dia of Bar for Tension reinforcement
Spacing required for
600 mm
16 mm
16 mm bars
Cover to tension reinforcement =

.=
132 mm at bottom of wall
Write Spacing provided in Reinforcement Sheet. Also check for compression reinforcement
Check for Shear
OK
at botom of wall
16 mm bars
.=
132 mm at top of haunch
Check for Shear
OK
at top of haunch
Provide width and height of the haunch in such a way that the area of reinforcement required at
top of haunch is almost equal to the area of reinforcement required at bottom of the wall.
Also provide haunch reiforcement
Refer Summary, Reiforcement and Shear worksheets for design.

Dia of bar used =
16 mm
Designed Bond Stress =
1.9 N/mm2
Development Length
Cutailing the bars at
0.76 m
2.00 m + ( 12 x dia or d ) =
Factored BM =
65.89 KN-m
Factored SF =
62.36 KN
Thicness of Wall =
2.52 m from top of bottom slab
516 mm
16 mm bars
.=
Adjust height of curtailment such that the spacing of reiforcement is =
325 mm at this level

200
Check for Shear
OK
at this level
Cutailing the bars at
3.60 m + ( 12 x dia or d ) =
Factored BM =
8.00 KN-m
Factored SF =
4.05 m from top of bottom slab
15.30 KN
Thicness of Wall =
448 mm
16 mm bars
.=
Adjust height of curtailment such that the spacing of reiforcement is =
374 mm at this level

400
Check for Shear
OK
at this level

The wall must be connected to the base by carrying wall reiforcement inside the full length
of toe to form the toe reinforcement. Alternatively, dowels of 12 mm bars can be used to height of at
least development length inside the wall and extended to full length of toe.
Temperature and Shrinkage Reiforcement

Provide horizontal reinforcement equal to 0.12 % of the vertical sectional area of wall =
Dia of bar
12 mm
No of bars
25 Nos
Provide
17 Nos bars on outer face at spacing of
Provide
306
8 Nos bars on innner face at sapcing of
650
Designing Toe Slab

Thickness of Slab
0.45 m
Provide Thickness of Toe
0.60 m
Length of Toe
0.70 m
Pressure on Toe at A =
137.77 KN/m2
Pressure on Toe at C =
122.67 KN/m2
Downward Weight due to self weight =

MIN of A and C
122.67
Factored Moment at the face of the wall =

Pressure on Toe at effective depth from C =
Factored SF at d from face of the wall =
Cover =
50 mm
15.00 KN/m2
Factor 1/3 or 2/3
43.27
KN-m
134.53 KN/m2
27.26 KN

20 mm

Spacing required =
437 mm
Check for Shear
OK
Designing Heel Slab

Thickness of Slab
0.45 m
Thickness of Heel Slab
0.60 m
Length of Toe
2.40 m
50 mm
57.97 KN/m2
Pressure on Heel at B =
Pressure on Heel at D =
Cover =
109.73 KN/m
MIN of B and D
57.97
Factor 1/3 or 2/3
Downward Weight due to self weight =
15.00 KN/m2
Downward Weight due to earth =
96.20 KN/m2
Factored Moment at the face of the wall =
(155.41) KN-m
Factored SF at face of the wall =
(98.45) KN
16 mm

Spacing required =
249 mm

Check for Shear
OK

Design of Shear Key
Assume Depth of Shear key =
Active Earth Pressure =
KN
Passive Earth Pressure =
10.01 KN
Resisting Force =
213.46 KN
Sliding Force =
130.64 KN
1.63 ( Min 1.55 )
Factor of Safety against Sliding =
Thickness of Key =
0.40 m
Factored SF =
Factored BM =
KN
3.00 KN-m
20 mm

Spacing required =
450 mm
Check for Shear
OK
WALL AT
WALL AT
WALL AT
2.10 m
WALL AT
tension reinforcement =
mm at bottom of wall
n reinforcement
mm at top of haunch
n reinforcement
rcement required at
m of the wall.
50 mm
WALL AT
m from top of bottom slab
mm at this level
mm
n reinforcement
m from top of bottom slab
mm at this level
mm
n reinforcement
WALL AT
the full length

n be used to height of at
2850 mm2
ea of wall =
mm c/c
mm c/c
d=
0.55
0.67
WALL AT
n reinforcement
d=
0.55
0.33
n reinforcement
WALL AT
WALL AT
n reinforcement

fck =
fy =
Tc,max =
Limiting moment of resistance index for singly reinf sections =
20
415
Beam Span
d
Factored
cover Moment
mm
KN-m
Mu,lim
Factored
Shear
Tve
KN
N/mm2
SR/DR
Wall
Bottom
5.20
1,000
600
550
50
285.84
834.90
SR
165.87
0.30
Wall
5.20
1,000
600
550
50
285.84
834.90
SR
165.87
0.30
Wall
3.20
1,000
516
466
50
65.89
599.35
SR
62.36
0.13
Wall
3.6
1.60
1,000
448
398
50
8.00
437.20
SR
15.30
0.04
Toe
0.70
1,000
600
550
50
43.27
834.90
SR
27.26
0.05
Heel
2.40
1,000
600
550
50
155.41
834.90
SR
98.45
0.18
Key
1,000
400
350
50
3.00
338.10
SR
T
2.8
0.138
OK/
Revise
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK

fck =
fy =
Beam Span
b
D
d
d'
Mu,lim
20
415
Mu
Mu2
d'/d
fsc
fcc
Wall
5.20
Bottom
1,000
600
550
30
834.90
285.84
0.05
353
8.92
Wall
0
5.20
1,000
600
550
30
834.90
285.84
0.05
353
8.92
Wall
2
3.20
1,000
516
466
30
599.35
65.89
0.06
353
8.92
Wall
3.6
1.60
1,000
448
398
50
437.20
8.00
0.13
342
8.92
Toe
0.70
1,000
600
550
30
834.90
43.27
0.05
353
8.92
Heel
2.40
1,000
600
550
834.90
155.41
0.05
353
8.92
G WALL AT
Beam Span
Asc
Ast2
Total
Ast
calculated
sq mm
Min Ast Max Ast

sq mm
sq mm
Wall
5.20
Bottom
1527
720
22000
Wall
0
5.20
1527
720
22000
Wall
2
3.20
399
619
18640
Wall
3.6
1.60
56
538
15920
Toe
0.70
220
720
22000
Heel
2.40
807
720
22000
Te n s i o n
R e i n f o r c e m e n t
Compression Reiforcem
Spacing Spacing
Ast
Required Provided Provided
mm
mm
sq mm
Dia of
Bar
mm
Spacing
Required
mm
Desired
Ast/m
Dia of
Bar
mm
Wall
5.20
Bottom
1527
16
132
100
2011
20
Wall
0
5.20
1527
16
132
100
2011
12
Wall
2
3.20
619.2
16
325
200
1006
12
Wall
3.6
1.60
537.6
16
374
360
559
12
Toe
0.70
720
20
437
100
3143
12
Heel
2.40
807
16
249
150
1341
12
Beam Span
Compression Reiforcement
Spacing
Provided
mm
Ast
Provided
sq mm
Wall
5.20
Bottom
100
3143
Wall
0
5.20
100
1131
Wall
2
3.20
100
1131
Wall
3.6
1.60
100
1131
Toe
0.70
100
1131
Heel
2.40
100
1131
Beam Span

fck =
fy =
Beam Span
b
D
d
d'
Mu,lim
30
20
415
Mu
Mu2
d'/d
fsc
fcc
G WALL AT
Beam Span
Asc
Ast2
Total
Ast
calculated
sq mm
Min Ast Max Ast

sq mm
sq mm
Te n s i o n
Desired
Ast/m
Beam Span
Dia of
Bar
mm
Spacing Spacing
Ast
mm
mm
sq mm
Dia of
Bar
mm
Spacing
Required
mm
Beam Span
Spacing
Provided
mm
Ast
Provided
sq mm

fck =
fy =
Beam Span
Key
b
D
d
d'
Mu,lim
1,000
400
350
50
338.10
20
415
Mu
3.00
Mu2
-
d'/d
0.14
fsc
fcc
342
8.92
G WALL AT
Beam Span
Key
Asc
Ast2
-
Total
Ast
calculated
sq mm
24
Min Ast Max Ast

sq mm
sq mm
480
14000
Te n s i o n
Desired
Ast/m
Dia of
Bar
mm
480
20
Beam Span
Key
Spacing Spacing
Ast
mm
mm
sq mm
Dia of
Bar
mm
Spacing
Required
mm
12
450
80
3929
Beam Span
Key
Spacing
Provided
mm
Ast
Provided
sq mm
100
1131

fck =
fy =
Beam
Span
b
D
d
mm
20
415
Vu
Tve
Ast
Tc
Remarks
Wall
Bottom
5.20
1,000
600
550
165.87
0.30
2011
0.42
OK
Wall
0
5.20
1,000
600
550
165.87
0.30
2011
0.42
OK
Wall
2
3.20
1,000
516
466
62.36
0.13
1006
0.34
OK
Wall
3.6
1.60
1,000
448
398
15.30
0.04
559
0.28
OK
Toe
0.70
1,000
600
550
27.26
0.05
3143
0.50
OK
Heel
2.40
1,000
600
550
98.45
0.18
1341
0.36
OK
1,000
400
0.00
3929
0.65
OK
Key
350

1 The software needs to be checked for provisions in IS : 14458 pertaining to Retaining
Walls for Hill Areas
2 This software has been checked for examples 19.1, 19.2 and 19.3 given in Reinforced
Concrete ( Limit State design ) by Sh Ashok K Jain
Publishers : Nem Chand and Bros, Roorkee
3 The face of the wall in contact with earth is assumed to be vertical.
o Retaining
Reinforced
Height
4.0 m
Slope of earth fill
10
Inclination of wall with vertical
Angle of internal friction
30
20
10
Angle of friction between wall and earthfill
For submerged backfill = 0.5 x d
l (for dry & moist back fill) =
l (for submerged back fill) =
Density of saturated soil
ws
2.0 gm/cc
Density of dry / moist soil
1.6 gm/cc
Height of water table
a
tan-1 h
1 av
w
a
tan-1 s h
w s - 1 1 av
A = Cos (f - l - a) ; B = Cos (d + a + l) ; C = Sin (f - i - l)
3.0 m
Basic horizontal seismic coefficient
ao
0.04
Horizontal seismic coefficient = ao . I . b
ah
0.04
Vertical seismic coefficient = 0.5 . ah
av
0.02
D = Cos l ; E = Cos a ; F = Cos (a - i)
; G = Sin (f + d)
Ca
Dry / moist back fill (using + av)
2.2457
0.885
0.9256
0.3049
0.9992
0.9848
0.766
0.3807
Dry / moist back fill (using - av)
2.3373
0.8857
0.925
0.3034
0.9992
0.9848
0.766
0.3672
0.866
0.9397
0.342
0.9848
0.766
0.34
Submerged back fill (using + av)
4.4846
0.9025
0.9682
0.2675
0.9969
0.9848
0.6428
0.424
Submerged back fill (using - av)
4.6669
0.9038
0.9674
0.2644
0.9967
0.9848
0.6428
0.4104
0.866
0.9848
0.342
0.9848
0.6428
0.3495

Retaining Wall 4 M

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Retaining Wall 4 M

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DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL AT

Coefficient of Active Earth Pressure

Coefficient of Passive Earth Pressure

Total Length of Base

Height of Surcharge above B

Weight of Earth Above Heel / m

Earth Pressure due to retained earth

DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL AT

DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL AT

Eccentricity from Centre of Base =

Check Against Overturning

Overturning Moment About A =

3.02 ( Min 1.55 )

Factor of Safety against overturning =

Check Against Sliding

Factor of Safety against Sliding =

1.56 ( Min 1.55 )

DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL AT

Fcatored SF at base of Vertical Wall =

Factored BM at top of haunch =

Factored SF at top of haunch =

Thicness of wall at top of haunch =

Cover to tension reinforcement =

132 mm at bottom of wall

Spacing required for

132 mm at top of haunch

DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL AT

Designed Bond Stress =

Cutailing the bars at

2.52 m from top of bottom slab

Spacing required for

Adjust height of curtailment such that the spacing of reiforcement is =

325 mm at this level

Cutailing the bars at

4.05 m from top of bottom slab

Spacing required for

Adjust height of curtailment such that the spacing of reiforcement is =

374 mm at this level

DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL AT

Temperature and Shrinkage Reiforcement

17 Nos bars on outer face at spacing of

8 Nos bars on innner face at sapcing of

Designing Toe Slab

Provide Thickness of Toe

Downward Weight due to self weight =

Factored Moment at the face of the wall =

DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL AT

Refer Summary, Reiforcement and Shear worksheets for design.

Designing Heel Slab

Thickness of Heel Slab

Factor 1/3 or 2/3

Downward Weight due to self weight =

Downward Weight due to earth =

Factored Moment at the face of the wall =

Factored SF at face of the wall =

Dia of Bar for Tension reinforcement

Refer Summary, Reiforcement and Shear worksheets for design.

DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL AT

DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL AT

Active Earth Pressure =

Passive Earth Pressure =

1.63 ( Min 1.55 )

Factor of Safety against Sliding =