IMPLANT BIOMATERIALS

BIOMATERIAL:

Any substance other than a drug that can be used for any
period of time as a part of a system that treats augments or
replaces any tissue, organ or function of the body.

REQUIREMENTS

• Bio-compatible
• Durable in the oral environment
• Sufficient strength to withstand masticatory stress
• No local irritation or systemic changes
• Non carcinogenic
• No dissolution in the oral environment
• Esthetically acceptable

Evaluation of implant material is based on

 Bulk characterization
 Surface characterization

Bulk material parameters important to evaluation are

• Mechanical properties
• Elastic modulus
• Plastic deformation
• Tensile strength

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 • Fatigue
• Physical properties
• Hardness
• Thermal
• Wear
• Density

• Chemical stability
• Toxicity
• Conductivity

SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION

Surface properties of an implant are fundamental

to the success of the implant

Key parameters for evaluation are

• Surface energy, surface tension, chemical composition

and stability
• Morphology and texture
• Thickness of surface coating or oxide layer surface
electrical properties
• Corrosion resistance