Department Of Information Technology

EC2356 - COMPUTER NETWORKS LABORATORY

Lab Manual

EC2356 - COMPUTER NETWORKS LABORATORY

L TPC
0 032
1

1. PC to PC Communication - Parallel Communication using 8 bit

parallel cable
2. Serial communication using RS 232C
3. A) Token bus Topology
B) Token ring Topology
4. Implementation and study of stop and wait protocol
5. Implementation and study of Goback-N protocols.
6. Implementation and study of selective repeat protocols.
7. Star Topology - CSMA / CD protocol
8. Star Topology - CSMA / CA protocol
9. Wireless - CSMA / CA LAN protocol
10.Simulation of Token Bus Topology
11.Simulation of Token Ring Topology
12.Simulation of Distance Vector Routing Algorithm
13.Simulation of Link State Routing Algorithm
14.Transfer of files from PC to PC using Windows / Unix socket
processing.
15.Implementation of Data encryption and decryption

Pc to Pc Communication
Serial Communication
Ex. No: 1a
Aim:
To establish a link between two computers using serial ports and to
transfer file between them
2

Equipments required:
S.No

Name of the
Equipments
Data Communication
Trainer kit

Specification
DCT 03

Serial Port Cable

Rs 232 DB9

Computer with XP /
2000 operating system

Quantity
Required

Procedure:
1. Connect the serial port of two computers to the DCT kit using RS
232 cable.
2. Switch on the DCT power supply
3. Run the DCT software on the two computers
4. Ensure the port setup in two computers are bidirectional
5. Set on computer in transmitting mode and another computer in
receiver mode using DCT software.
6. Using the DCT software file transfer option transfer the file
7. Repeat the above step using various connecting medium such as
optical cable, etc.
8. Introduce some fault using fault switch and repeat the above steps.

C
O
M
P -I
U
T
E
R

RS 232
TRANSR
ECEIVE
R

Serial
Port

RS 232
TRANSR
ECEIVE
R

C
O
M
Serial
P - II
Port
U
T
E
R

SWITCH FAULTS
1
2
3
4

OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF

Pc to Pc Communication

Parallel Communication
Ex.No: 1b
4

Aim:
To establish a link between two computers using parallel ports and
to transfer file between them
Equipments required:
S.No

Name of the
Equipments
Data Communication
Trainer kit

Specification
DCT 03

Parallel Port Cable

RS232 DB25

Computer with XP /
2000 operating system

Quantity
Required

Procedure:
1. Connect the parallel port of two computers to the DCT kit using
RS 232DB25 cable.
2. Switch on the DCT power supply
3. Run the DCT software on the two computers
4. Ensure the port setup in two computers are bidirectional
5. Set on computer in transmitting mode and another computer in
receiver mode using DCT software.
6. Using the DCT software set different protocols like stop and wait,
go back N, selective repeat and perform the file transfer
7. Introduce some fault using fault switch and repeat the above steps.

COMPUTER - II

COMPUTER - I

RS232
DB25
pinout

INTERFACE

PARALLEL PORT

PARALLEL PORT
INTERFACE
INTERFACE

PARALLEL PORT

DATA
COMMUNICATION
TRAINER KIT

8 BIT
PARALLEL
CABLE

Token Bus Topology

6

Ex.No: 2
Aim:
To create a Local Area Network using Bus topology and to study
the characteristics of the token bus topology
Equipments Required:
S.No

Name of the
Equipments

Specification

Quantity
Required

LAN trainer kit

LTS 01

Connecting cable

RJ 45

L Sim Software

L- Sim

5 User

Computer with XP /
2000 operating system

Procedure:
1. Using LAN connecting wire (RJ 45 Cable) the entire computer
with the LAN trainer kit.
2. Switch on the power supply to the LAN trainer kit.
3. Ensure all connections are made on BUS topology.
4. Run L- Sim software first on the server and then on other
computers connected with this kit.
5. One system acts as the server and other nodes acts as clients.
6. The I.P address of the clients was displayed on the server and the
server I.P address are displayed on the clients.
7. Using the file transfer option in L Sim software Client can
transfer any file to the server computer.
8. Remove one client LAN cable from the trainer and repeat the
above set.
9. Observe the behaviors of the network.

Computer
Terminal - I

C
O
M
M
O
N

Computer
Terminal -III

S
H
A
R
E
D

Computer
Terminal - II

M
E
D
I
U
M

Computer
Terminal- IV

Bus Topology
Note:
1) Set the token timing above 40 sec.
2) Select appropriate packet size based on the file size.

Protocol Analyzer
S.No File File I.P of
name size Receive
r

Protocol Topology Interpacket Data No of

delay
rate packet
resend

S.No

Packet Total Protocol Topology Data No of

length packet
rate packet
resend

File File I.P of

name size Receive
r

Network Analyzer

Token Ring Topology

Exp No: 3

Aim:
To create a Local Area Network using Ring topology and to study
the characteristics of the token ring protocol
Equipments Required:
S.No

Name of the
Equipments

Specification

Quantity
Required

LAN trainer kit

LTS 01

Connecting cable

RJ 45

L Sim Software

L- Sim

5 User

Computer with XP /
2000 operating system

Procedure:
1. Using LAN connecting wire (RJ 45 Cable) the entire computer
with the LAN trainer kit.
2. Switch on the power supply to the LAN trainer kit.
3. Ensure all connections are made on Ring topology.
4. Run L- Sim software first on the server and then on other
computers connected with this kit.
5. One system acts as the server and other nodes acts as clients.
6. The I.P address of the clients was displayed on the server and the
server I.P address are displayed on the clients.
7. Using the file transfer option in L Sim software Server/Client
can transfer any file to Client/Server computer.
8. Remove one client LAN cable from the trainer and repeat the
above set.
9. Observe the behaviors of the network.

10

Computer
Terminal - 2

Computer
Terminal - 1

Logical Ring

Computer
Terminal - 3

Computer
Terminal - 4

Note:
1) Set the token timing above 40 sec.
2) Select appropriate packet size based on the file size.
3) The computers are not physically arranged in circle.

11

Protocol Analyzer
S.No File File I.P of
name size Receive
r

Protocol Topology Interpacket Data No of

delay
rate packet
resend

S.No

Packet Total Protocol Topology Data No of

length packet
rate packet
resend

File File I.P of

name size Receive
r

Network Analyzer

Star Topology
Stop and wait protocol
Ex.No:4
Aim:
12

To create a Local Area Network using Star topology and to study

the characteristics of the stop and wait protocol
Equipments Required:
S.No

Name of the
Equipments

Specification

Quantity
Required

LAN trainer kit

LTS 01

Connecting cable

RJ 45

L Sim Software

L- Sim

6 User

Computer with XP /
2000 operating system

Procedure:
1. Using LAN connecting wire (RJ 45 Cable) the entire computer
with the LAN trainer kit.
2. Switch on the power supply to the LAN trainer kit.
3. Ensure all connections are made on star topology.
4. Run L- Sim software first on the server and then on other
computers connected with this kit.
5. One system acts as the server and other nodes acts as clients.
6. The I.P address of the clients was displayed on the server and the
server I.P address are displayed on the clients.
7. Set the protocol to stop and Wait in L - Sim software.Using the file
transfer option in L Sim software Server/Client can transfer any
file to Client/Server computer.
8. Remove one client LAN cable from the trainer and repeat the
above set.
9. Observe the behaviors of the network.

13

Computer
Terminal - I

Computer
Terminal - II

Computer
Terminal -IV
C
E
N
T
R
A
L

Computer
Terminal -V

H
U
B
Computer
Terminal -III

Computer
Terminal - VI

Note:
1) Select appropriate packet size based on the file size.

14

Protocol Analyzer
S.No File File I.P of
name size Receive
r

Protocol Topology Interpacket Data No of

delay
rate packet
resend

S.No

Packet Total Protocol Topology Data No of

length packet
rate packet
resend

File File I.P of

name size Receive
r

Network Analyzer

Star Topology
Go back N protocol
Ex.No: 5
Aim:
15

To create a Local Area Network using Star topology and to study

the characteristics of the go back N protocol
Equipments Required:
S.No

Name of the
Equipments

Specification

Quantity
Required

LAN trainer kit

LTS 01

Connecting cable

RJ 45

L Sim Software

L- Sim

6 User

Computer with XP /
2000 operating system

Procedure:
1. Using LAN connecting wire (RJ 45 Cable) the entire computer
with the LAN trainer kit.
2. Switch on the power supply to the LAN trainer kit.
3. Ensure all connections are made on star topology.
4. Run L- Sim software first on the server and then on other
computers connected with this kit.
5. One system acts as the server and other nodes acts as clients.
6. The I.P address of the clients was displayed on the server and the
server I.P address are displayed on the clients.
7. Set the protocol to Go back N in L - Sim software. Using the file
transfer option in L Sim software Server/Client can transfer any
file to Client/Server computer .
8. Remove one client LAN cable from the trainer and repeat the
above set.
9. Observe the behaviors of the network.

16

Computer
Terminal - I

Computer
Terminal - II

Computer
Terminal -IV
C
E
N
T
R
A
L

Computer
Terminal -V

H
U
B
Computer
Terminal -III

NOTE:

Computer
Terminal - VI

select the packet size based on the file size

17

Protocol Analyzer
S.No File File I.P of
name size Receive
r

Protocol Topology Interpacket Data No of

delay
rate packet
resend

S.No

Packet Total Protocol Topology Data No of

length packet
rate packet
resend

File File I.P of

name size Receive
r

Network Analyzer

Star Topology
Selective Repeat protocol
Ex.No: 6
18

Aim:
To create a Local Area Network using Star topology and to study
the characteristics of the selective repeat protocol
Equipments Required:
S.No

Name of the
Equipments

Specification

Quantity
Required

LAN trainer kit

LTS 01

Connecting cable

RJ 45

L Sim Software

L- Sim

6 User

Computer with XP /
2000 operating system

Procedure:
1. Using LAN connecting wire (RJ 45 Cable) the entire computer
with the LAN trainer kit.
2. Switch on the power supply to the LAN trainer kit.
3. Ensure all connections are made on star topology.
4. Run L- Sim software first on the server and then on other
computers connected with this kit.
5. One system acts as the server and other nodes acts as clients.
6. The I.P address of the clients was displayed on the server and the
server I.P address are displayed on the clients.
7. Set the protocol to selective repeat in L - Sim software. Using the
file transfer option in L Sim software Server/Client can transfer
any file to Client/Server computer .
8. Remove one client LAN cable from the trainer and repeat the
above set.
9. Observe the behaviors of the network.

19

Computer
Terminal - I

Computer
Terminal - II

Computer
Terminal -IV
C
E
N
T
R
A
L

Computer
Terminal -V

H
U
B
Computer
Terminal -III

Note:

Computer
Terminal - VI

Select appropriate packet size based on the file size.

20

Protocol Analyzer
S.No File File I.P of
name size Receive
r

Protocol Topology Interpacket Data No of

delay
rate packet
resend

S.No

Packet Total Protocol Topology Data No of

length packet
rate packet
resend

File File I.P of

name size Receive
r

Network Analyzer

Star Topology
CSMA / CD protocol
Ex.No:7
Aim:
To create a Local Area Network using Star topology and to study
the characteristics of the CSMA / CD protocol
Equipments Required:
21

S.No

Name of the
Equipments

Specification

Quantity
Required

LAN trainer kit

LTS 01

Connecting cable

RJ 45

L Sim Software

L- Sim

6 User

Computer with XP /
2000 operating system

Procedure:
1. Using LAN connecting wire (RJ 45 Cable) the entire computer
with the LAN trainer kit.
2. Switch on the power supply to the LAN trainer kit.
3. Ensure all connections are made on star topology.
4. Run L- Sim software first on the server and then on other
computers connected with this kit.
5. One system acts as the server and other nodes acts as clients.
6. The I.P address of the clients was displayed on the server and the
server I.P address are displayed on the clients.
7. Set the protocol to CSMA / CD in L - Sim software. Using the file
transfer option in L Sim software Server/Client can transfer any
file to Client/Server computer .
8. Collision occurs when more than one client transmit the files.
9. Remove one client LAN cable from the trainer and repeat the
above set.
10.Observe the behaviors of the network.

22

Computer
Terminal - I

Computer
Terminal - II

Computer
Terminal -IV
C
E
N
T
R
A
L

Computer
Terminal -V

H
U
B
Computer
Terminal -III

Note:

Computer
Terminal - VI

Select appropriate packet size based on the file size.

23

Protocol Analyzer
S.No File File I.P of
name size Receive
r

Protocol Topology Interpacket Data No of

delay
rate packet
resend

S.No

Packet Total Protocol Topology Data No of

length packet
rate packet
resend

File File I.P of

name size Receive
r

Network Analyzer

Star Topology
CSMA / CA protocol
Ex.No: 8
Aim:
To create a Local Area Network using Star topology and to study
the characteristics of the CSMA / CA protocol
Equipments Required:
24

S.No Name of the

Equipments

Specification

Quantity
Required

LAN trainer kit

LTS 01

Connecting cable

RJ 45

L Sim Software

L- Sim

6 User

Computer with XP /
2000 operating system

Procedure:
1. Using LAN connecting wire (RJ 45 Cable) the entire computer
with the LAN trainer kit.
2. Switch on the power supply to the LAN trainer kit.
3. Ensure all connections are made on star topology.
4. Run L- Sim software first on the server and then on other
computers connected with this kit.
5. One system acts as the server and other nodes acts as clients.
6. The I.P address of the clients was displayed on the server and the
server I.P address are displayed on the clients.
7. Set the protocol to CSMA / CA in L - Sim software. Using the file
transfer option in L Sim software one system can transfer file to
any one computer . More than one system can not transfer the file.
So collision can be avoided using CSMA/CA protocol.
8. Remove one client LAN cable from the trainer and repeat the
above set.
9. Observe the behaviors of the network.

25

Computer
Terminal - I

Computer
Terminal - II

Computer
Terminal -IV
C
E
N
T
R
A
L

Computer
Terminal -V

H
U
B
Computer
Terminal -III

Note:

Computer
Terminal - VI

Select appropriate packet size based on the file size.

26

Protocol Analyzer
S.No File File I.P of
name size Receive
r

Protocol Topology Interpacket Data No of

delay
rate packet
resend

S.No

Packet Total Protocol Topology Data No of

length packet
rate packet
resend

File File I.P of

name size Receive
r

Network Analyzer

WIRELESS LAN
CSMA / CA protocol
Ex.No: 9
Aim:
27

To create a wireless Local Area Network using Star topology and

to study the characteristics of the CSMA / CA protocol.
Equipments Required:
S.No

Name of the
Equipments

Specification

Quantity
Required

WLAN access point

LTS 01

WLAN receiver point

RJ 45

L Sim Software

L- Sim

4 User

Computer with XP /
2000 operating system

Procedure:
1. Connect the WLAN access point in one computer. The access point
transmit / receive data to or from all computers.
2. Switch on the power supply to the WLAN access point.
3. Connect all the WLAN receiver point to all the networked
computers through USB port.
4. Run L- Sim software first on the server and then on other
computers connected with this network.
5. One system acts as the server and other nodes acts as clients.
6. The I.P address of the clients was displayed on the server and the
server I.P address are displayed on the clients.
7. Set the protocol to CSMA / CA in L - Sim software. Using the file
transfer option in L Sim software one system can transfer file to
any one computer . More than one system can not transfer the file.
So collision can be avoided using CSMA/CA protocol.
8. Remove one client LAN cable from the trainer and repeat the
above set.
9. Observe the behaviors of the network.

28

Computer
Terminal -II

Computer
Terminal - I

WLAN
access point

Computer
Terminal -III

Note:

Computer
Terminal -IV

Select appropriate packet size based on the file size.

29

Protocol Analyzer
S.No File File I.P of
name size Receive
r

Protocol Topology Interpacket Data No of

delay
rate packet
resend

S.No

Packet Total Protocol Topology Data No of

length packet
rate packet
resend

File File I.P of

name size Receive
r

Network Analyzer

Simulation of Token Bus Topology

30

Ex.No: 10
Aim:
To create a subnet for Bus topology and to study the characteristics
of the Token Bus topology
Equipments Required:
S.No Name of the
Equipments
Computer with XP /
1
2000 operating system
2

N Sim Software

Specification
N- Sim

Quantity
Required
1
1 User

Procedure:
1. Create a subnet for bus topology using subnet in N - Sim software.
2. Select the topology as Bus set the cable type as 10 Base T and save
the subnet in a name.
3. Using connection options add the required number of computer and
network component.
4. Save the created network and open the network under Ethernet /
fast Ethernet Simulation menu.
5. Using the file transfer option transfer any file to any client
computers.
6. Open the same network under TCP Simulation menu.
7. Observe the behaviors of the network.

31

Switch /
Hub
C
O
M
M
O
N

Computer
Terminal - I

Computer
Terminal- III

S
H
A
R
E
D

Computer
Terminal - II

M
E
D
I
U
M

Computer
Terminal -IV

Bus Topology

Simulation of Token Ring Topology

32

Ex.No:11
Aim:
To create a subnet for Ring topology and to study the
characteristics of the Token Ring topology
Equipments Required:
S.No Name of the
Equipments
Computer with XP /
1
2000 operating system
2

N Sim Software

Specification
N- Sim

Quantity
Required
1
1 User

Procedure:
1. Create a subnet for ring topology using subnet in N - Sim software.
2. Select the topology as RING set the cable type as 10 Base T and
save the subnet in a name.
3. Using connection options add the required number of computer and
network component.
4. Save the created network and open the network under Ethernet /
fast Ethernet Simulation menu.
5. Using the file transfer option transfer any file to any client
computers.
6. Open the same network under TCP Simulation menu.
7. Observe the behaviors of the network.

33

Computer
Terminal - 1

Computer
Terminal -II

Logical Ring

Computer
Terminal -III

Computer
Terminal -IV

Ring Topology

Simulation of Distance Vector Routing Algorithm

Ex.No:12
34

Aim:
To simulate distance vector routing algorithm and to find the
shortest path between any two routers using N-Sim Software.
Equipments Required:
S.No Name of the
Equipments
Computer with XP /
1
2000 operating system
2

N Sim Software

Specification
N- Sim

Quantity
Required
1
1 User

Procedure:
1. Run N-sim software and select Distance Vector routing algorithm
Using algorithm menu
2. Add routers by selecting Add Routers tab ( Max of 8 routers ).
3. Specify the path weights between the routers and select Add link.
4. Select the source & destination routers using source-destination tab
5. Select simulate tab to identify the shortest path between the source
& destination routers
6. Clear the links and Repeat the steps 4 , 5 & 6 for different path and
source & destination routers
7. Select the Summary/Result tab and note down the tabulation.
8. Note down the Time complexity & message complexity of the
network formed using the Time complexity & message complexity
tabs.

NETWORK:

35

Path weight

PathShortest

Destination router

Router Source

No.of Links

No.of Routers

S
.
N
O

Algorithm

TABULATION:

Time
Message
complexity complexity

1
2
FORMULA FOR MESSAGE AND TIME COMPLEXITY
Let N be number of routers, E be the number of edges (Links) between
routers, M be the Message Complexity and T be the Time Complexity
Distance Vector Routing Algorithm:
Message Complexity

M=

Time Complexity:

T=N

Simulation of Link State Routing Algorithm

Ex.No:13
36

AIM:
To find the shortest path between the routers using link state
routing algorithm in N-Sim software.
EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
S.No Name of the
Equipments
Computer with XP /
1
2000 operating system
2

Specification
-

N Sim Software

Quantity
Required
1

N- Sim

1 User

PROCEDURE:
1. Run N-sim software and select link state routing algorithm Using
algorithm menu.
2. Add routers by selecting Add Routers tab ( Max of 8 routers ).
3. Specify the path weights between the routers and select Add link.
4. Select the source & destination routers using source-destination
tab
5. Select simulate tab to identify the shortest path between the source
& destination routers.
6. Clear the links and Repeat the steps 4 , 5 & 6 for different path
weights and source & destination routers.
7. Select the Summary/Result tab and note down the tabulation.
8. Note down the Time complexity & message complexity of the
network formed using the Time complexity & message
complexity tabs.
NETWORK:
X

TABULATION:

37

Path weight

PathShortest

Destination router

Router Source

No.of Links

No.of Routers

Algorithm

S
.
N
O

Time
Message
complexity complexity

1
2

FORMULA FOR MESSAGE AND TIME COMPLEXITY

Let N be number of routers, E be the number of edges (Links) between
routers, M be the Message Complexity and T be the Time Complexity
Link State Routing Algorithm:
Message Complexity

M = N*E

Time Complexity

T = N*log(N)

Socket Programming
Ex.No:14
AIM:
To transfer a file between two computers using socket
programming in windows / Unix operating system.
EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
S.no

Name of the equipment

Specification

1.

L-Sim TCP client,

server program
LAN trainer kit

L-Sim

Quantity
Required
1

LTS 01

38

Connecting wire

Computer with XP /
2000 operating system

RJ-45

PROCEDURE:
1. Using RJ 45 cable connects two computers to LAN trainer kit.
2. Run client TCP program and server TCP program in two PCs
3. Enter the port address in both the computer and using create socket
tab create the socket
4. Using the listen tab make the server to listen for client request.
5. Enter the I.P address of the server in the client and using the
connection tab make a request to the server for connection
6. Once the connection was established, using send file / send

message option transfer the file / message between client and

server
7. Using Ethernet LAN ,user can transfer the file/message between
the computers. i.e.,Without LAN Trainer Kit.

LAN
TRAINER
KIT

PC1

PC 2

39

Encryption and Decryption

Ex.No:15
AIM:
To Encrypt and Decrypt a plain text using symmetrical secret key
method
EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
S.No

Name of the equipment Specification

1.

L-Sim cryptography
software
LAN trainer kit

L-Sim

Quantity
Required
1 User

LTS 01

40

Connecting wire

Computer with XP /
2000 operating system

RJ-45

PROCEDURE:
1. Run N-sim cryptography software.
2. Browse the file to be Encrypted.

3. Enter the Secret Key to Encrypt the plain text

4. Using the Encrypt tab form the cipher text.
5. Using the same key, decrypt the cipher text to get the plain text.
6. Note both the Encrypted and Decrypted files are stored where
the original file was taken.
7. Using LAN Trainer Kit , the user can transfer encrypted file
from one computer to another. In Destination side that file can
be decrypted using same secret key to obtain the original file.

ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION

P=D k (C )

Plain Text:

41

Cipher Text: ( After Encryption)

Plain Text : (After Decryption)

42