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Tutorial VIII: Excel Basics

Last updated 4/12/06 by G.G. Botte

Department of Chemical Engineering


ChE-101: Approaches to Chemical Engineering Problem Solving
Excel Tutorial VIII
EXCEL Basics

(last updated 4/12/06 by GGB)

Objectives:
These tutorials are designed to show the introductory elements for any of the topics
discussed. In almost all cases there are other ways to accomplish the same objective, or higher
level features that can be added to the commands below.
______________________________________________________________________________
The following topics are covered in this tutorial;
What is EXCEL?
Starting EXCEL
Saving a file
Exiting EXCEL
Online Help
Doing Calculations with EXCEL
Labeling a sheet
Formatting text
Creating Values with an Equation
Number Display Formats
Different formatting
Creating borders with EXCEL
Plotting in EXCEL
Useful toolbars
Calculate minimum, maximum, average
Using values from different sheets for a calculation
Proposed Problem
=====================================================================
What is EXCEL?
EXCEL is a windows program oriented that allows you to: compute different calculations
(predefined functions or operations defined by the user), plot, construct tables, organize
information, draw, etc.
=====================================================================
Starting EXCEL
Double click on the EXCEL icon. The EXCEL worksheet will appear. Each worksheet has
different calculation sheets. Different tool bars will show up in the menu according to the
configuration shown by the user. All the formatting options available in Microsoft Word are also
available in EXCEL. The worksheet has different cells each cell has a letter and a number
associated with it. The letter indicates the column name and the number indicates the row
number. See figure shown below.
=====================================================================

Formatting
toolbar

Drawing toolbar
Row number
Column label
Cell K4

Worksheet

Saving a File
To save a file click on the File drop up window and select save as as shown below

By default it will be
saved as an Excel
workbook (DO NOT
CHANGE THIS)

The name of your


file will show up in
the window

Type your file


name

After choosing file


name press the
save button

Tutorial VIII: Excel Basics

Last updated 4/12/06 by G.G. Botte

Exiting EXCEL
You can exit EXCEL in two ways:
!
by clicking the X in the upper right hand corner of the EXCEL file
!
by clicking on FILE / EXIT
=====================================================================
Online Help
Help in EXCEL can be obtained by clicking on the Help drop off menu and selecting HELP,
then you can type your question and click the SEARCH button as shown below:

The different options


will show up
Type your
question
Click on
SEARCH
=====================================================================
Doing Calculations with EXCEL
You can perform calculations in each cell as shown below

Type the = and then the math


operation that you want to do

Multiplying and dividing

Exercise: Use the help menu to find out how to calculate natural log, log10, exponential,
square root, and power. Perform the following operations:
ln(4)
log (4)
e5
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The answers are given below:

We can
label our
calculations

And perform
them next to
the label as
shown

=====================================================================
Formatting text
You may wonder how I created the format for the power numbers. To do this, follow the steps
shown below

Select the text


that you want to
change the
format to
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Tutorial VIII: Excel Basics

Last updated 4/12/06 by G.G. Botte

Click on format
and select
Cells

The following window will show up where you can change the font, size, use superscript, use
subscript. Select superscript and press OK

=====================================================================
Labeling a Sheet in a worksheet
You can label the sheet that you are working on by double clicking on the Sheet cell and
assign a name as shown below:

The sheet
gets
highlighted
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=====================================================================
Creating values with an Equation
As an example solve the following problem: Use ideal gas law to predict the value of the specific
volume (in liters/mole) at different temperatures (from 300K to 500K every 10K) if the pressure
is 1 atm.
Solution

Type the
values that
will not
change in
the formula
Create columns for the temperature and the volume as shown below (make sure that you include
the units)

Tutorial VIII: Excel Basics

Last updated 4/12/06 by G.G. Botte

The first
temperature
can be input
directly

The volume can be calculated


using the values in the
different cells
The next temperature can be calculated using the previous temperature as shown below:

The volume associated with this temperature can be calculated by copying the cell D9, to do this
select the cell D9 and drag down the mouse as shown:

Drag down the


cross sign

This is the answer that you get for the volume at 310K. Is your answer correct? Check your
formula in D10

The formula is not correct because the value of R and Pressure are not used properly. When we
copied the program automatically added a row. How can we solve this? Do we have to type the
equation again in each cell?
The answer is NO. This problem can be solved by locking the cells that we dont want to change
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Tutorial VIII: Excel Basics

Last updated 4/12/06 by G.G. Botte

during a calculation. For example in this case neither pressure nor the R changes in each
calculation. Therefore, we need to correct the equation used in cell D9 by locking the cells in R
and pressure using the function F4 as shown below:

By clicking F4 two $
signs appeared. We can
also type the $ signs
without using F4 The
first $ sign indicates that
the column will be locked
and the second $
indicates that the row will
be locked

Now we can copy the formula to the next cell D10 and we should get the correct answer:

The formula is
correct

We can get all the values requested by copying the temperature and volume cells as shown
below:

Select both cells

Drag the cells down


with the mouse

The solution is given next:

CONGRATULATIONS!
NOW YOU KNOW HOW
TO CREATE VALUES
FROM A FORMULA

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Tutorial VIII: Excel Basics

Last updated 4/12/06 by G.G. Botte

=====================================================================
Number display format
You can change the format of the numbers by selecting the Cells that you want to change the
format, clicking on the format and selecting cells. Select numberand choose the number of
decimals as shown below:

This is how your data will look like:

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=====================================================================
Different formatting
You can bold underline or center data by using the format toolbar

Format toolbar
Exercise: Make your data look like shown below by using the format toolbar

Use this to
bold

Use this to
center

=====================================================================
Creating borders with EXCEL
You can create borders in a cell by selecting format, cells, borders as shown below:

Add
these
borders

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Tutorial VIII: Excel Basics

Last updated 4/12/06 by G.G. Botte

This is how it will look like:

You can use the borders to create tables in EXCEL using the quality table guidelines explain in
Tutorial Va
=====================================================================
Plotting in EXCEL
Exercise: Use the data for the specific volume as a function of temperature generated above to
create a plot of the specific volume vs. temperature.
Solution:
Select the columns that you want to plot:

13

Select the menu insert and choose chart, the chart menu will appear:

Select scatter

Choose the desired type of Chart format in the chart sub-type menu

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Tutorial VIII: Excel Basics

Last updated 4/12/06 by G.G. Botte

Press Next and select columns (because your data is given in colums)

Press Next and add the chart title, x axis title and y axis title. For correct titles look at
Tutorial Vb, Quality Plots

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Click Next and choose Chart Location As new Sheet

This is how your graph will look like. Now you can modify it to follow the guidelines explain in
Tutorial Vb (Quality Plots). For example: Eliminate gridlines, erase grey area

Eliminate grey
area and
gridlines

Give title

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Tutorial VIII: Excel Basics

Last updated 4/12/06 by G.G. Botte

To eliminate the gridlines select them and press delete, to eliminate the grey area select the
area and press delete

To add tick marks, select the axis, right click the button of the mouse, and select format axis

You can also modify the


scale, the fonts, the number
format, and the format of the
text

Select
location
of minor
tick
marks

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For example, make the appropriate changes so that your graph looks like shown below:

Change the
scale
Minor tick
marks and
change in
decimals
Larger fonts
and minor tick
marks

Larger fonts for the


x title, y title, and
chart title

To change the legend select Chart, Source Data

Type your
legend title
here

Press OK when
finished

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Tutorial VIII: Excel Basics

Last updated 4/12/06 by G.G. Botte

You can change the position of the legend by selecting the legend box and dragging it with the
mouse (left button)
You can change the format of the data by selecting the data, right click on the mouse button and
press Format Data Series

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Then you can make different selections as shown below:

=====================================================================
Useful toolbars
You can choose what toolbars to see in your file by clicking on View and selecting the
different toolbars

Different toolbars
that will show up
if the user wants
to see them

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Tutorial VIII: Excel Basics

Last updated 4/12/06 by G.G. Botte

=====================================================================
Calculate Minimum, Maximum, and Average
EXCEL has different functions that can be accessed in the insert menu, and selecting
function

Each function is described


when you select it

Exercise: Find out the functions to calculate maximum, minimum, and average, and calculate the
minimum specific volume, the maximum, and the average by following the directions given in
each function.

These are the


answers
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=====================================================================
Using Values from Different Sheets for Calculations
You can use values from different sheets for calculations for example:

This is how it
will look like

Click on the sheet of


interest and select
the cells needed for
the calculation

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Tutorial VIII: Excel Basics

Last updated 4/12/06 by G.G. Botte

Click enter and this should be your answer:

PROPOSED PROBLEM
In situations where the ideal gas law does not apply a real gas law needs to be used. One such
real gas law is the Van der Waals equation (given below). The constants a and b are species
specific
a

P + 2 (V b ) = RT
V

where:
P= pressure in atm
a = 9.24 (atm l2)/mol2 (for propane)
b = 0.0907 l/mol (for propane)
V= specific volume in l/mol
R= universal gas constant (l atm)/(mol K)
T= 450 K
The following data were collected for propane using an experimental piston apparatus. Use
EXCEL to calculate the pressure predicted by the Van der Waals equation, then create a plot that
shows the data along with the predicted pressures.
Specific Volume (l/mol)
5
10
15
20
25
30

Pressure (atm)
8.3
3.5
2.5
2.1
1.4
1.4

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