Ipe Etap Case 0011

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Product
Manufacturer
Version
Revision
Operating system
System properties
ETAP
OTI (Operation Technology Inc)
12
0.0
Windows 7 / 64 Bit
CPU @1.80GHz RAM: 2.00GB
ETAP CASE-0011
Analysis
Analysis detail
Issue
Reason
Proposed solution
Adaptive Newton Raphson

Precision= 0.0001,Max No. of Iteration =9999
Instability of voltage, changing length of cable 1 cm, jumping voltage around 20% or more
Estimation in storing per unit values in Jacobean Matrix, Do not updating Jacobean Matrix in
each iteration, estimation in inversing Jacobean Matrix
none
ETAP CASE-0011 Overview:

We decided to remodel a real network ( A part of oil industry in south of U.S) to a simple network to test the adaptive
Newton Raphson engine for load flow in ETAP 12. The model consists of a source, one transformer six similar cables, two
very small load and four similar inductions motors.
2 conductors/phase
Figure 1: Simple Networks modeling
Source( SC-rating=7000 MVA, X/R=45 34.5 KV)

Transformer( 10 MVA, 34.5/6KV, Z=4 %, X/R=25 )
MOTOR-002 & 004: (6KV, 5000 HP, PF=85.24%, Eff= 95.65%, LRC=625.4%,PF(Locked Rotor)=30.99%,
LRT=103.3%MaxT=197.9%, Ns=1800, Nr=1781, Slip=1.03%, In=440.1 A)
MOTOR-001 & 003 (4.8 KV, 5000 HP, PF=93.03%, Eff= 94.41%, LRC=650%,PF(Locked Rotor)=9.98%,
LRT=103.3%MaxT=197.9%, Ns=1800, Nr=1781, Slip=1.03%, In=510.6 A)
Cable-001: (R= 1.0 ohm/1km , X= 0.1 ohm/1km), Length=49.975m ( Two conductors /phase)
Cable-002: (R= 1.0 ohm/1km , X= 0.1 ohm/1km), Length=1906 m
Cable-003 & 006: (R= 1.0 ohm/1km , X= 0.1 ohm/1km), Length=50m
Observation
First we run load flow with Adaptive Newton Raphson method.
Length of cable-001 is 49.975 m, and then we have following voltages:
Cable-001 Length
(meter)
49.975
Bus-002
96.19%
Bus-003
94.92%
Bus-004
93.49%
Buses voltage in percent

Bus-005
Bus-006
94.31%
94.92%
Bus-007
93.58%
2 conductors/phase
Figure 2: Adaptive Newton Raphson Load flow method, Length of cable-001 is 49.975 m
Bus-008
94.31%
We run load flow with Adaptive Newton Raphson method, length of cable-001 is 49.945 m, and then we have following
voltages:
Cable-001 Length
(meter)
49.975
49.945
Bus-002
96.19%
96.46%
Bus-003
94.92%
95.41%
Bus-004
93.49%
110.26%

Bus-005
Bus-006
94.31%
94.92%
94.8%
95.41%
Bus-007
93.58%
93.58%
2 conductors/phase
Bus-008
94.31%
94.8%
voltages:
Cable-001 Length
(meter)
49.975
49.945
49.897
Bus-002
96.19%
96.46%
124.8%
Bus-003
94.92%
95.41%
131.1%
Bus-004
93.49%
110.26%
110.3%

Bus-005
Bus-006
94.31%
94.92%
94.8%
95.41%
133.49%
134.1%
Bus-007
93.58%
93.58%
142.16%
2 conductors/phase
A: Model of network for testing motor starting
B: Load Flow result with Newton Raphson method
Figure 3:Newton Raphson Load flow method for case no.2
Bus-008
94.31%
94.8%
133.18 %
voltages:
Cable-001 Length
(meter)
49.975
49.945
49.897
49.895
Bus-002
96.19%
96.46%
124.8%
55.71 %
Bus-003
94.92%
95.41%
131.1%
54.1%
Bus-004
93.49%
110.26%
110.3%
10.3%

Bus-005
Bus-006
94.31%
94.92%
94.8%
95.41%
133.49%
134.1%
53.49%
54.1%
Bus-007
93.58%
93.58%
142.16%
42.16%
2 conductors/phase
Bus-008
94.31%
94.8%
133.18 %
53.48 %
voltages:
Cable-001 Length
(meter)
49.975
49.945
49.897
49.895
49.889
Bus-002
96.19%
96.46%
124.8%
55.71 %
90.37 %
Bus-003
94.92%
95.41%
131.1%
54.1%
84.76%
Bus-004
93.49%
110.26%
110.3%
10.3%
10.31%

Bus-005
Bus-006
94.31%
94.92%
94.8%
95.41%
133.49%
134.1%
53.49%
54.1%
84.08%
84.75%
Bus-007
93.58%
93.58%
142.16%
42.16%
75.93%
2 conductors/phase
Bus-008
94.31%
94.8%
133.18 %
53.48 %
84.08 %
voltages:
Cable-001 Length
(meter)
49.975
49.945
49.897
49.895
49.889
49.789
Bus-002
96.19%
96.46%
124.8%
55.71 %
90.37 %
95.4 %
Bus-003
94.92%
95.41%
131.1%
54.1%
84.76%
93.56%
Bus-004
93.49%
110.26%
110.3%
10.3%
10.31%
38.15%

Bus-005
Bus-006
94.31%
94.92%
94.8%
95.41%
133.49%
134.1%
53.49%
54.1%
84.08%
84.75%
92.94%
93.55%
Bus-007
93.58%
93.58%
142.16%
42.16%
75.93%
91.21%
2 conductors/phase
Bus-008
94.31%
94.8%
133.18 %
53.48 %
84.08 %
92.93 %
voltages:
Cable-001 Length
(meter)
49.975
49.945
49.897
49.895
49.889
49.786
49.611
Bus-002
96.19%
96.46%
124.8%
55.71 %
90.37 %
95.4 %
95.72 %
Bus-003
94.92%
95.41%
131.1%
54.1%
84.76%
93.56%
94.12%
Bus-004
93.49%
110.26%
110.3%
10.3%
10.31%
38.15%
60.56%

Bus-005
Bus-006
94.31%
94.92%
94.8%
95.41%
133.49%
134.1%
53.49%
54.1%
84.08%
84.75%
92.94%
93.55%
93.5%
94.11%
Bus-007
93.58%
93.58%
142.16%
42.16%
75.93%
91.21%
92.18%
2 conductors/phase
Bus-008
94.31%
94.8%
133.18 %
53.48 %
84.08 %
92.93 %
93.5 %
We run load flow with Adaptive Newton Raphson method, length of cable-001 is 50 m, then we have following voltages:
Cable-001 Length
(meter)
49.975
49.945
49.897
49.895
49.889
49.786
49.611
50
Bus-002
96.19%
96.46%
124.8%
55.71 %
90.37 %
95.4 %
95.72 %
96.08 %
Bus-003
94.92%
95.41%
131.1%
54.1%
84.76%
93.56%
94.12%
94.73%
Bus-004
93.49%
110.26%
110.3%
10.3%
10.31%
38.15%
60.56%
85.75%

Bus-005
Bus-006
94.31%
94.92%
94.8%
95.41%
133.49%
134.1%
53.49%
54.1%
84.08%
84.75%
92.94%
93.55%
93.5%
94.11%
94.12%
94.73%
Bus-007
93.58%
93.58%
142.16%
42.16%
75.93%
91.21%
92.18%
93.25%
2 conductors/phase
Figure 9: Adaptive Newton Raphson Load flow method, Length of cable-001 is 50 m
Bus-008
94.31%
94.8%
133.18 %
53.48 %
84.08 %
92.93 %
93.5 %
94.12%
voltages:
Cable-001 Length
(meter)
49.975
49.945
49.897
49.895
49.889
49.786
49.611
50
50.125
Bus-002
96.19%
96.46%
124.8%
55.71 %
90.37 %
95.4 %
95.72 %
96.08 %
95.88 %
Bus-003
94.92%
95.41%
131.1%
54.1%
84.76%
93.56%
94.12%
94.73%
94.39%
Bus-004
93.49%
110.26%
110.3%
10.3%
10.31%
38.15%
60.56%
85.75%
72.31%

Bus-005
Bus-006
94.31%
94.92%
94.8%
95.41%
133.49%
134.1%
53.49%
54.1%
84.08%
84.75%
92.94%
93.55%
93.5%
94.11%
94.12%
94.73%
93.78%
94.39%
Bus-007
93.58%
93.58%
142.16%
42.16%
75.93%
91.21%
92.18%
93.25%
92.66%
2 conductors/phase
10
Bus-008
94.31%
94.8%
133.18 %
53.48 %
84.08 %
92.93 %
93.5 %
94.12%
93.78%
voltages:
Cable-001 Length
(meter)
49.975
49.945
49.897
49.895
49.889
49.786
49.611
50
50.125
50.725
Bus-002
96.19%
96.46%
124.8%
55.71 %
90.37 %
95.4 %
95.72 %
96.08 %
95.88 %
95.76 %
Bus-003
94.92%
95.41%
131.1%
54.1%
84.76%
93.56%
94.12%
94.73%
94.39%
94.16%
Bus-004
93.49%
110.26%
110.3%
10.3%
10.31%
38.15%
60.56%
85.75%
72.31%
63.8%

Bus-005
Bus-006
94.31%
94.92%
94.8%
95.41%
133.49%
134.1%
53.49%
54.1%
84.08%
84.75%
92.94%
93.55%
93.5%
94.11%
94.12%
94.73%
93.78%
94.39%
93.55%
94.16%
Bus-007
93.58%
93.58%
142.16%
42.16%
75.93%
91.21%
92.18%
93.25%
92.66%
92.26%
2 conductors/phase
11
Bus-008
94.31%
94.8%
133.18 %
53.48 %
84.08 %
92.93 %
93.5 %
94.12%
93.78%
93.54%
voltages:
Cable-001 Length
(meter)
49.975
49.945
49.897
49.895
49.889
49.786
49.611
50
50.125
50.725
49.959
Bus-002
96.19%
96.46%
124.8%
55.71 %
90.37 %
95.4 %
95.72 %
96.08 %
95.88 %
95.76 %
96.3 %
Bus-003
94.92%
95.41%
131.1%
54.1%
84.76%
93.56%
94.12%
94.73%
94.39%
94.16%
95.12%
Bus-004
93.49%
110.26%
110.3%
10.3%
10.31%
38.15%
60.56%
85.75%
72.31%
63.8%
101.65%

Bus-005
Bus-006
94.31%
94.92%
94.8%
95.41%
133.49%
134.1%
53.49%
54.1%
84.08%
84.75%
92.94%
93.55%
93.5%
94.11%
94.12%
94.73%
93.78%
94.39%
93.55%
94.16%
94.52%
95.12%
Bus-007
93.58%
93.58%
142.16%
42.16%
75.93%
91.21%
92.18%
93.25%
92.66%
92.26%
93.93%
2 conductors/phase
12
Bus-008
94.31%
94.8%
133.18 %
53.48 %
84.08 %
92.93 %
93.5 %
94.12%
93.78%
93.54%
94.51%
ETAP CASE-0011 Explanation:

For some reason, it seems that the ETAP load flow engines (Newton Raphson and Adaptive Newton Raphson) do not
solve Jacobean Matrix properly and with adequate accuracy.
Or there is another guess that ETAP do not update Jacobean Matrix and use the same for first iteration for all other
iterations, so maybe in iteration of N, Jacobean matrix is valid, but in Iteration of N+1 , Jacobean Matrix is not valid.
Or maybe ETAP has some estimation and remove all digits after 6th digit of dot. For example results of calculation for
voltage is 0.986562815654596324165, so may ETAP keep only first 6 digits as 0.986562 and ignore
0.000000815654596324165 value, so this make engine to lose accuracy and Jump in results after some iteration
Cable-001 Length
(meter)
49.975 (m)
49.945 (m)
49.897 (m)
49.895 (m)
49.889 (m)
49.786 (m)
49.611 (m)
50 (m)
50.125 (m)
50.725 (m)
49.959 (m)
Bus-002
96.19%
Bus-003
94.92%
96.46%
95.41%
124.8%
131.1%
55.71 %
54.1%
90.37 %
84.76%
95.4 %
93.56%
95.72 %
94.12%
96.08 %
94.73%
95.88 %
94.39%
95.76 %
94.16%
96.3 %
95.12%
Bus-004
93.49%
110.26%
110.3%
10.3%
10.31%
38.15%
60.56%
85.75%
72.31%
63.8%
101.65%

Bus-005
Bus-006
94.31%
94.92%
Bus-007
93.58%
Bus-008
94.31%
94.8%
95.41%
93.58%
94.8%
133.49%
134.1%
142.16%
133.18 %
53.49%
54.1%
42.16%
53.48 %
84.08%
84.75%
75.93%
84.08 %
92.94%
93.55%
91.21%
92.93 %
93.5%
94.11%
92.18%
93.5 %
94.12%
94.73%
93.25%
94.12%
93.78%
94.39%
92.66%
93.78%
93.55%
94.16%
92.26%
93.54%
94.52%
95.12%
93.93%
94.51%
If we look at above table, we can see that there is an instability of voltage around 50th meter of length of cable-001
These problems regarding to instability of voltage in boarding exist in both Newton Raphson and adaptive Newton
Raphson Algorithm in ETAP load flow analysis.
We strongly recommend to ETAP support to clear this issue as soon as possible.
13

Ipe Etap Case 0011

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Independent Power Engineers

Never Trust the Machine, trust the engineer!

Who are we?

Adaptive Newton Raphson

ETAP CASE-0011 Overview:

Figure 1: Simple Networks modeling

Independent Power Engineers

Never Trust the Machine, trust the engineer!

Source( SC-rating=7000 MVA, X/R=45 34.5 KV)

Buses voltage in percent

Independent Power Engineers

Never Trust the Machine, trust the engineer!

Buses voltage in percent

Independent Power Engineers

Never Trust the Machine, trust the engineer!

Buses voltage in percent

A: Model of network for testing motor starting

B: Load Flow result with Newton Raphson method

Figure 3:Newton Raphson Load flow method for case no.2

Independent Power Engineers

Never Trust the Machine, trust the engineer!

Buses voltage in percent

Independent Power Engineers

Never Trust the Machine, trust the engineer!

Buses voltage in percent

Independent Power Engineers

Never Trust the Machine, trust the engineer!

Buses voltage in percent

Independent Power Engineers

Never Trust the Machine, trust the engineer!

Buses voltage in percent

Independent Power Engineers

Never Trust the Machine, trust the engineer!

Buses voltage in percent

Figure 9: Adaptive Newton Raphson Load flow method, Length of cable-001 is 50 m

Independent Power Engineers

Never Trust the Machine, trust the engineer!

Buses voltage in percent

Independent Power Engineers

Never Trust the Machine, trust the engineer!

Buses voltage in percent

Independent Power Engineers

Never Trust the Machine, trust the engineer!

Buses voltage in percent

Independent Power Engineers

Never Trust the Machine, trust the engineer!

ETAP CASE-0011 Explanation:

Buses voltage in percent

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