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How does diffusion occur?
Coatings
sintering of ceramics
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Diffusion
{G
GG
GG
GG
G
GG
G
Mechanisms
Gases & Liquids random (Brownian) motion
Solids vacancy diffusion or interstitial diffusion
oGaGGGG
}GGaGGG
tGGGGGG
GGG
Diffusion
OXP GGG
vGGGGGG
GGGGGG
OGGGP
OYPGzT
vGGGG
GOGGGG
P
C
A
D
B
A
B
Diffusion
Diffusion Simulation
Simulation of
interdiffusion
across an interface:
Adapted from
Figs. 5.1 and
5.2, Callister
7e.
Rate of substitutional
diffusion depends on:
--vacancy concentration
--frequency of jumping.
Diffusion Mechanisms
Diffusion mechanism
lGGG
{GGGG
a
}GGGG
pG
Diffusion Mechanisms
INTERSTITIAL SIMULATION
Vacancy Diffusion:
Applies to interstitial
impurities.
More rapid than
vacancy diffusion.
Simulation:
--shows the jumping of a
smaller atom (gray) from
one interstitial site to
another in a BCC
structure. The
interstitial sites
considered here are
at midpoints along the
unit cell edges.
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Steady-State Diffusion
Example (cont).
glove
C1
C2
x1
if linear
C2
J D
paint
remover
tb
"2
6D
skin
C2
dC
dx
J -D
x1 x 2
dC
C C1
D 2
dx
x2 x1
Data:
x2
dC C C2 C1
dx x
x2 x1
D diffusion coefficient
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Qd
D Do exp
RT
transform
data
Temp = T
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Q
D2 D1 exp d
R
600
1000
Qd
R
1
T1
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Example (cont.)
1500
1/T
1
Q
D1
R T2 T1
lnD2 lnD0
10-8
ln D
T(C)
1 1
T2 T1
D (m2/s)
10-14
10-20
0.5
1.0
1.5
Al in Al
Fe in -Fe
Fe in -Fe
8.314 J/mol - K 623 K 573 K
1000 K/T
Adapted from Fig. 5.7, Callister 7e. (Date for Fig. 5.7 taken from E.A.
Brandes and G.B. Brook (Ed.) Smithells Metals Reference Book, 7th
ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1992.)
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Summary
Diffusion FASTER for...
close-packed structures
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