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Contents
1.
Introduction
2.
3.
Parameters
4.
Design model
5.
Design situation 1: Dimension a base plate with a shear nib to resist the shear force
6.
Design situation 2: Determine the shear resistance of a column base joint with a
shear nib
12
References
13
7.
Page 1
1.
Introduction
The types of column bases concerned by the present NCCI are the simple column bases
described in SN037, and the fixed column bases described in SN043.
The shear resistance developed by friction between the column base plate in compression and
the joint material (grout), as calculated in SN037, is often adequate for most typical simple
base plate joints and fixed base plate joints.
For simple base plate joints, if there is axial tension acting shear resistance by friction cannot
be developed. For fixed base plates, shear resistance by friction alone may not suffice when
high shear is combined with a low moment and either low axial compression or axial tension.
In the latter situations other means are required to transfer the shear force.
Means other than friction for transferring shear force to the foundation are as follows:
Neither the design of foundation pockets (but see remark below for the shallow pocket
type) for fixed base plate joints nor that of ties to the floor slab is considered in this NCCI.
The subject of the present NCCI is the design of a shear nib under the base plate for
transferring shear forces to the foundation.
A shear nib (or shear key) typically consists of a short length of steel section welded to the
underside of the base plate. Once the concrete is poured into the reserve hole for the anchor
bolts and the column grouted in its final position, the nib is embedded in the foundation. The
shear force acting on the column base can be transmitted to the foundation by the nib acting
horizontally leading to compression over the vertical surface of the nib against the concrete
foundation.
The column section and the design forces are known. The dimensions of the required
base plate and shear nib are to be determined.
2.
The column section, base plate, shear nib and foundation dimensions are known. The
design compressive resistance of the column base is required to be determined, including
that of the shear nib.
The usual procedure is to begin with the design of the base plate using the design procedures
given in sections 4 or 5 of SN037or SN043 as relevant. The design of the nib is then
undertaken using procedures given in Sections 5 and 6 respectively of the present NCCI.
2.
Figure 2.1 shows two types of shear nib in common use, one being a short length of angle
capable of resisting relatively modest shear forces and the other a short length of I section
used if the shear forces to be transmitted are relatively high.
Note: Figure 2.1 shows typical simple base plates details with nibs. For fixed base plates (see
figure 1.1 of SN043) the anchor bolt rows are not on the column major axis as shown here,
but usually beyond the column flanges on projected parts of the base plates.
Page 3
4
2
2
3
dn
dn
6
9
7
10
9
6.
1.
I section column
7.
2.
Base plate
8.
3.
9.
10.
Key :
4.
Anchor bolt
5.
Concrete foundation
Figure 2.1
Other types of shear nibs than those shown in Figure 2.1 are :
a vertical plate welded to the base plate, which plays the role described below for the
vertical leg of the angle nib.
A horizontal plate of sufficient dimensions (thickness embedded in the concrete, welded
perimeter to the base plate) to develop the necessary resistances of the concrete in bearing
and of the welds.
While the design rules given below specifically cover the nib types shown in Figure 2.1, they
may easily be adapted to the design of the latter types as well as to the shallow pocket type
mentioned above in Section 1.
Ideally, shear nibs are welded to the base plate in a central position relative to the column
axes. In the case of an angle nib on a simple base plate, while the angle length (nib width) can
be is centred about the column minor axis, the angle leg protruding down into the foundation
must be slightly off the major column axis in order to avoid the anchor bolts. If the angle
length is greater than that of the anchor bolt spacing, the horizontal leg of the angle section
requires holes to allow the anchor bolts on the minor axis to pass through. For a nib of an
unequal angle it is usual to weld the smaller angle leg to the base plate.
Page 4
3.
Parameters
Definition
Parameter
hf
hc
hn
hp
tfc
leff
cc
M0
Created on Friday, September 03, 2010
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement
deff,n
Definition
dn
twc
ba
tan
bp
tfn
bf
tp
bfc
Ac0
beff
Ff,Rd
bn
Fv,Rd
Nsec,Ed
df
fyb
fyp
fjd
fcd
fun
Nj,Rd
VEd
Page 5
4.
Design model
The mechanical model adopted for the nib is shown schematically in Figure 4.1. The column
base shear force is resisted by pressure developed over the vertical face (or faces) of the nib
embedded in sound foundation concrete. The eccentricity between the horizontal reaction on
the nib and the applied column base shear causes a secondary moment creating a couple of
additional vertical forces (Nsec,Ed) at the base plate joint, a compressive force and a tensile
force. The tensile force may be resisted either by the anchor bolts or by the nib itself. In the
present NCCI, it is conservatively assumed that the tensile force is resisted by the nib. The
additional compression force between the base plate and the joint material (grout) is often
neglected in design, although it could be added to that in the column flange compressive
T-stub when doing the final check on the design of the base plate joint.
1
hc/2
NsecE,d
NsecE,d
VE,d
max fc,d
VE,d
deff,n
max fc,d
4
6
Key :
1. I section column
4. Nib
2. Base plate
5. Concrete foundation
Figure 4.1
Shear nib model showing the forces and stresses induced: distribution of compressive
stresses over shear nib and secondary forces
The following simplifying assumptions are made in the design model [1]:
Both embedded flanges of an I section nib provide equal horizontal resistance to the
applied column base shear force.
For the full width of an angle leg or flange within the concrete foundation, there is a
triangular distribution of compressive stresses over the effective depth of the nib (see
Figures 4.1 and 4.2).
The effective nib depth, deff,n, is taken as equal to the full height of the nib , dn, below the
base plate minus a thickness at the top surface to allow for the possible inadequacy of the
packing of the joint material (grout) beneath the base plate. It is usual to assume that the
latter thickness is equal to that of the grout layer, which is typically 30 mm and rarely
over 50 mm thick. In the following it is taken as 30 mm thick.
Page 6
2 1
d
d
d
1
1
1
) + VEd eff,n + 30 ( ) = VEd eff,n + 30 (
N Ed = VEd eff,n + 30 (
+ )
hc 2
hn tfn hc
3
3
hn tfn
3
o
d
2
Angle nib: Axial tension in the vertical leg: N Ed = VEd eff,n + 30
3
hc
In order to ensure against pull-out of the nib from the concrete foundation and to have an
efficient shear nib, the following limits are placed on the nib dimensions:
hn 0,4 hc
60 mm deff,n 1,5 hn
60 mm deff,n 1,5 bn
In the case if a simple base plate, the respect of the latter limits on the nib dimensions
is recommended so as to avoid creating a fixed column base condition.
Being embedded in the concrete, angle legs or I section flanges are considered to be
subjected to negligible local bending. To support this assumption, the following
maximum slenderness criteria are imposed:
o
( bfn / tfn ) 20
(a criterion which all IPE and HE sections meet except HEA 260, 280 and 300)
o
( d,n / tan ) 10
(not all standard hot rolled angle sections meet the latter requirement)
For an I section shear nib, the shear force is transferred from the base through the web.
The moment at the underside of the base plate level is resisted by a force couple in the
flanges. Rather than assume the anchor bolts to be active, the secondary normal tensile
force is considered to be shared by the flange sections. The flange in tension the most
loaded. The column web opposite the flange also resists the total force thus obtained.
For the leg of an angle section shear nib, both the shear force and the secondary normal
force are taken by the vertical leg section. Bending at the top of the vertical angle leg is
neglected.
The basic design approach is to ensure that the compressive stresses over the vertical surface
of the nib in contact with the foundation neither exceed the design compressive strength of the
concrete nor lead to excessive stresses in the nib member (leg, flange or web).
The supplementary design checks required are as follows:
The column web is checked for the concentrated force corresponding to the secondary
tensile force in a nib angle leg or nib flange,
The base plate to nib fillet welds resistances are checked for both the horizontal shear and
for the secondary tensile forces.
Page 7
hc / 2
NsecE,d
NsecE,d
NsecE,d
NsecE,d
VE,d
VE,d
VE,d
VE,d
M secE,d /
deff,n
deff,n
(hn- tfn )
hn
max fc,d
max fc,d
hn
bn
bn
ta
t fn
Figure 4.2
5.
Design situation 1: Dimension a base plate with
a shear nib to resist the shear force
If the column forces are given, the following procedure can be followed to dimension the base
plate and the shear nib. It is conservatively assumed that the shear nib provides all of the shear
resistance required, i.e. both the friction resistance when the column is in compression is
ignored as well as the resistance of the anchor bolts to shear.
While it is usual to have a shear nib of the same steel (fyn) as that of the base plate, they may
be of different steel grades.
The rules given cover the case of a column base shear force acting in the plane of the column
web i.e. a shear force parallel to the column section minor axis. The design method can be
adapted for cases of when the shear force is parallel to the principal column axis or for when
there are components of shear force along both axes.
Step 1: Dimension the base plate by referring to SN037 or to SN043
The values of the base plate dimensions (hp, bp, tp) are established for the column section (hc,
bc, twc, tfc) load and the concrete (fcd) to be used in the foundation is identified.
Page 8
min bn max(90 :
VEd
) mm and max bn bp 2tfc
30 f cd
VEd
) mm and max bn bp 2tfc
15 f cd
ta ha/10
where ha is the length of the longer leg, the leg to be embedded in the concrete foundation.
a)
b)
2VEd
) mm
bn f cd
If the latter condition is not met, restart using a greater nib width bn (length of angle
section).
c)
Take d eff,n = ha 30 mm
Estimate the secondary tensile force in the vertical angle leg:
2
d
N sec Ed = VEd eff,n + 30
hc
3
Check the leg thickness under combined shear and tension using the Von Mises
criteria:
2
V
V
ta sec Ed + 3 Ed = Ed
f ynbn
bn f yn
bn f yn
hc
Page 9
If it is not possible to complete the checks by modifications of the shear nib width
and/or depth, change to an I section shear nib.
I section shear nib:
Take the following steps in order.
a)
Choose an I section: the nib width, bn = bf, nib ,within the maximum and minimum
limits given above.
b)
c)
d)
e)
VEd
) mm
bn f cd
Check the maximum recommended limits on the effective nib depth (in the
concrete):
min d eff,n + 30 mm min( 0,8d f : 1,5hn ) .
If the latter conditions cannot be met, restart using a different I section of greater
width (bf , hc) nib section.
f)
g)
h)
VEd
) mm
bn f cd
For shear nib depth chosen, estimate the secondary normal force in nib flange:
d
1
1
N secEd = VEd ( eff,n + 30)(
+ )
3
hn tfn hc
i)
If all the all checks above are satisfied, the nib section chosen is adequate.
Page 10
Fillet welds are usually adopted. The minimum throat size is 3mm.
Angle shear nib:
An all round perimeter fillet weld is adopted. The shear force is assumed to be taken by the
two side welds and the toe weld, all of equal throat size aV. The normal force is assumed to be
taken by the weld at the angle heel of weld size aN. The weld steel strength is taken fu = min
(fup : fun)
The minimum required weld sizes are then:
aV
aN
3 w M2VEd
f u (2hn + bn )
2 w M2 N sec Ed
f u bn
aV
3 w M2VEd
f u (hc, nib 2tf,nib )
aN
2 w M2 N sec Ed
f u (2bfn t wn )
The column web is subjected to the concentrated secondary tensile force NsecEd. The following
local resistance check is made:
Nsec Ed (twc beff)fyc/M0
The force is assumed to be distributed over the following effective width in the column web:
Angle shear nib:
where awc is the throat size of the column web to base plate double fillet weld.
If the local column web resistance is not adequate the web should be reinforced locally, either
by a vertical stiffener or by a doubler plate.
Page 11
6.
Design situation 2: Determine the shear
resistance of a column base joint with a shear nib
Step 1: Determine the shear resistance of the nib based on the concrete
bn d eff,n f cd
2
VRd =
VRd = bn d eff,n f cd
Step 2: Determine the shear resistance of the nib based on the welds
VRd =
f u aV (2hn + bn )
3 M2 w
VRd =
3 f u aNbn hc
2 2 M2 w (d eff,n + 90)
VRd =
VRd =
Step 3: Determine the shear resistance of the nib based on the angle leg or flange
and web resistances
f yn
bn t a
M0
2 ( d eff,n + 90 )
+3
3hc
VRd =
Afn f yn
3hc ( hn t fn )
( hc + hn tfn )( d eff,n + 90)
VRd =
Avn f yn
M0
M0 3
Page 12
Step 4: Determine the shear resistance of the nib based on column web resistance
VRd =
VRd =
3 f yn ta hc (ta + 2t p + 5 2awc )
2 M0
(d eff,n + 90)
M0
Step 5: The design resistance is taken as least value for the shear resistance VR,d
given by steps 1 to 4
7.
1
References
Lescouarch, Y.
Page 13
Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE
Reference(s)
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT
Name
Company
Date
Created by
Ivor Ryan
CTICM
20/12/2005
Alain Bureau
CTICM
20/12/2005
1. UK
G W Owens
SCI
07/04/06
2. France
A Bureau
CTICM
07/04/06
3. Sweden
B Uppfeldt
SBI
07/04/06
4. Germany
C Mller
RWTH
07/04/06
5. Spain
J Chica
Labein
07/04/06
G W Owens
SCI
31/07/06
Page 14