Response Spectrum Method: As Per IS 1893 (Part 1) :2002

Response Spectrum Method
As Per IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Satish A. Annigeri
Civil Engineering Department
B.V.B. College of Engineering & Technology
Hubli 580 031
satish@bvb.edu
10 May, 2007
Satish A. Annigeri (BVBCET, Hubli)
10 May, 2007
1 / 27
Objectives
Discuss the philosophy of design of Earthquake Resistant Structures
Understand the concept of Response Spectrum Method
Understand the general provisions of IS 1893(Part 1):2002
Understand the procedure for implementing Response Spectrum
Method as per IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
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Objectives
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Objectives
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Objectives
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Introduction
Categories of Earthquake Resistant Structures

Engineered Structuress
Structures which are explicitly analysed and designed to ensure that
they are earthquake resistant
Examples of Engineered Structures
Multistorey buildings
Bridges
Towers, Water tanks
Nuclear reactors
Non-engineered Structuress
Structures which are not explicitly analysed and designed to ensure
that they are earthquake resistant
Earthquake resistance is ensured through good materials of
construction and good construction practices
Examples of Non-engineered Structures
Masonry structures
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Introduction

Bridges
Towers, Water tanks
Nuclear reactors
Masonry structures
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Introduction

Bridges
Towers, Water tanks
Nuclear reactors
Masonry structures
10 May, 2007
3 / 27
Introduction

Bridges
Towers, Water tanks
Nuclear reactors
Masonry structures
10 May, 2007
3 / 27
Introduction

Bridges
Towers, Water tanks
Nuclear reactors
Masonry structures
10 May, 2007
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Introduction
Indian Standard Codes for Engineered Structures

Engineered Structures
IS 1893 - Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures
Part 1: IS 1893(Part 1):2002 General Provisions and Buildings
Part 2: Liquid retaining tanks - Not yet published
Part 3: Bridges and Retaining Walls - Not yet published
Part 4: IS 1893(Part 4):2005 Industrial structures including stack like
structures
Part 5: Dams and embankments - Not yet published
IS 13920:1993 - Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Subjected to Seismic Forces - Code of Practice
Important Note
Until Parts 2, 3 and 5 are ready, design of such structures is governed by
the relevant clauses of IS 1893:1984
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Introduction

structures

Important Note
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Introduction

structures

Important Note
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Introduction

structures

Important Note
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Introduction
Indian Standard Codes for Non-engineered Structures

Non-engineered Structures
IS 4326:1993 Earthquake Resistant Design & Construction of
Buildings - Code of Practice
IS 4326:1993 deals with Masonry buildings
Size and location of openings
Size, location and details of horizontal bands
Vertical reinforcement in masonry construction
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Introduction
Indian Standard Codes for Non-engineered Structures

Non-engineered Structures
IS 4326:1993 Earthquake Resistant Design & Construction of
Buildings - Code of Practice
IS 4326:1993 deals with Masonry buildings
Size and location of openings
Size, location and details of horizontal bands
Vertical reinforcement in masonry construction
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Introduction
Philosophy of Design of Earthquake Resistant Structures

Characteristics of Earthquake Resistant Structures
1
During a mild earthquake

no damage to any structural elements (that is, structure should
respond elastically),
non-structural elements (such as glazing, infill walls, ceiling) may be
damaged
During a moderate earthquake

Structural elements may suffer (repairable) damage, but . . .
It must be possible to rehabilitate the structure and make it fit for its
intended use
During a severe earthquake

Structural elements may suffer irrepairable damage, but . . .
The structure should not collapse without giving adequate time for the
occupants of the structure to escape with their life
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Introduction

1

damaged

intended use

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Introduction

1

damaged

intended use

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Introduction
Implications of the Design Philosophy

How can we achieve all three goals simultaneously?
Correctly estimate the seismic force on the structure
Analyze the structure for a combination of loads - Dead Load, Live
Load, Earthquake Load
Design the components of the struture for the most severe load
combination
Detail the structure for ductility
Understimating the seismic force will result in the collapse of the
structure during even a moderate earthquake
Overstimating the seismic force will result in an uneconomical
structure (no damage even during a severe earthquake)
Strength alone is not enough. Ductility is necessary to satisfy the
third requirement
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Introduction

combination
third requirement
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Introduction

combination
third requirement
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Introduction

combination
third requirement
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Introduction

combination
third requirement
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Introduction

combination
third requirement
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Introduction

combination
third requirement
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Introduction

combination
third requirement
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
IS 1893 (Part 1)- General Provisions and Buildings

Load combinations
Seismic Zoning of India (Z )

Design Spectrum Sga
Regular and Irregular configuration of buildings
Importance Factor (I )
Response Reduction Factor (R)
Design Imposed Loads for earthquake force calculation
Seismic Weight of Buildings (W )
Methods of estimating seismic design force
1
2
Static Analysis (Equivalent Static Analysis)

Dynamic Analysis
Response Spectrum Analysis
Time History Analysis
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Load Combinations
Plastic Design of Steel Structures
1
1.7(Dead Load + Imposed Load)
1.7(Dead Load Earthquake Load)
1.3(Dead Load + Imposed Load Earthquake Load)
Limit State Design of Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Structures

1
0.9 Dead Load 1.9 Earthquake Load
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Load Combinations
Plastic Design of Steel Structures
1
Limit State Design of Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Structures

1
0.9 Dead Load 1.9 Earthquake Load
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Design Earthquake Load

Design Horizontal Earthquake Load
Lateral Load Resisting Elements in Orthogonal Directions
Structure must be designed for the effects due to full design earthquake
load in one direction at a time
Lateral Load Resisting Elements Not in Orthogonal Directions
Structure must be designed for the effects due to full design earthquake
load in one direction plus 30% of the design earthquake load in the
other direction
Design Vertical Earthquake Load

Design acceleration spectrum in vertical direction may be taken as
the design horizontal acceleration
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3
of
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Seismic Zoning of India

India is divided into 4 seismic zones, Zone II to Zone V
Zone II is the least severe seismic zone and Zone V is the most severe
Seismic zoning is based on geological investigations and history of
past earthquakes experienced by the the location
Seismic zoning is given in Fig. 1 (page 5) of IS 1893(Part 1):2002
Coastal Karnataka lies in Zone III and the rest of Karnataka lies in
Zone II
Zone III: Dharwad, Belgaum, Bijapur, Karwar, Mangalore
Zone II: Bangalore, Mysore, Chitradurga, Gulbarga (See Annexure E,
page 35-36)
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Seismic Zones of India
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Zone Fator for Different Seismic Zones
Table: Table 2 Zone Factor Z (page 16)
Seismic
Zone
Seismic
Intensity
Severe
Z
II
III
IV
Low
Moderate
Severe
Very
0.10
0.16
0.24
0.36
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Response Spectra for Rock and Soil Sites for 5% Damping
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Response Spectra from Equations

Type I - Rock or Hard Soil
1 + 15 T
Sa
= 2.50
1.00/T
0s T 0.1s
0.1s T 0.4s
0.4s T 4.0s
Type II - Medium Soil
1 + 15 T
Sa
= 2.50
1.36/T
0s T 0.1s
0.1s T 0.55s
0.55s T 4.0s
Type III - Soft Soil
1 + 15 T
Sa
= 2.50
1.67/T
0s T 0.1s
0.1s T 0.67s
0.67s T 4.0s
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Design Spectrum
Design Spectrum is a graph of Spectral Acceleration Coefficient
versus Period of Vibration (T )

Sa
g
There are three diffrent Spectra, for three different Soil types
The design spectrum is for 5% damping, and must be suitably scaled
if the damping ratio is not 5% (See Table 3, page 17)
Design Spectrum has three distinct phases (See Fig. 2, page 16)
Linearlry increasing portion from T = 0s upto T = 0.1s
Constant portion from T = 0.1s to T = 0.4/0.55/0.67s
Decreasing curved portion from T = 0.4/0.55/0.67s to T = 4s
Maximum Spectral Acceleration is Sa = 2.5g

From the Design Spectrum, we get the Maximum Acceleration
experienced by a SDOF system with a given Natural Period
Design Spectrum gives the Design Elastic Force
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Design Spectrum

Sa
g

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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Design Spectrum

Sa
g

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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Design Spectrum

Sa
g

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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Design Spectrum

Sa
g

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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Design Spectrum

Sa
g

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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Design Spectrum

Sa
g

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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Response Reduction Factor

Designing your structure as per the Design Spectrum of the code will
ensure that the structure will remain elastic during a severe
earthquake
But the structure cost will increase if we design it to remain elastic
even during a severe earthquake
If we reduce the design force in the right way, we can satisfy the three
requirements for earthquake resistant structures
The proportion by which we can reduce the elastic design force, and
still satisfy the third requirement for earthquake resistant structures is
what the code calls Response Reduction Factor (R)
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

earthquake
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

earthquake
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

earthquake
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Response Reduction Factor in IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

Response Reduction Factor depends on two factors
The type of Lateral Load Resisting System
The degree of Ductility detailing
R varies
From 3.0 to 5.0 for Frame Structures and
From 1.5 to 3.0 for Masonry Wall Buildings
It is greater if proper ductility detailing is planned to be done

It is greater if additional lateral load resisting systems, such as, braces
are provided
Guidelines for choosing R for RC frame structures
Ductility Detailing
IS 456:2000
IS 13920:1993
Nomenlature
OMRF
SMRF
R
3
5
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

R varies

are provided
Ductility Detailing
IS 456:2000
IS 13920:1993
Nomenlature
OMRF
SMRF
R
3
5
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

R varies

are provided
Ductility Detailing
IS 456:2000
IS 13920:1993
Nomenlature
OMRF
SMRF
R
3
5
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

R varies

are provided
Ductility Detailing
IS 456:2000
IS 13920:1993
Nomenlature
OMRF
SMRF
R
3
5
10 May, 2007
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

R varies

are provided
Ductility Detailing
IS 456:2000
IS 13920:1993
Nomenlature
OMRF
SMRF
R
3
5
10 May, 2007
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

R varies

are provided
Ductility Detailing
IS 456:2000
IS 13920:1993
Nomenlature
OMRF
SMRF
R
3
5
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Important structures which must continue to function even after
occurrence of a severe earthquake must be made stronger than the
ordinary structures
Design force for such structures is made more than for ordinary
structures
Importance factor (I ) is given in Table 6, page 18
Importance factor for buildings is
1.5 for lifeline building structures, and
1.0 for ordinary building structures
Importance factor for structures other than buildings is not given in

IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Importance factor for dams is 3.0, and for containers of inflammable
liquids, it is 2.0, as given in IS 1893:1984 (Table 4, page 19)
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
ordinary structures
structures

IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
ordinary structures
structures

IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
ordinary structures
structures

IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
ordinary structures
structures

IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
ordinary structures
structures

IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Design Imposed Loads for Earthquake Force Calculation

The imposed loads to be considered for design of buildings are taken
as per IS 875 (Part 2):1987
The natural period of vibration of a building depends on its
Mass due to
(i) Dead Loads - Do not vary, and
(ii) Imposed Loads - Do vary
Lateral Stiffness - Does not vary
It is therefore important that we correctly estimate the Imposed Load

existing on the building during the earthquake
This reduction in the Imposed Load is only for the purpose of
computing the vibration properties of the structure
For Gravity Load calculation, full Imposed Load must be considered
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

Mass due to

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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

Mass due to

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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

Mass due to

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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

Mass due to

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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Seismic Weight (W ) of a Building

Seismic Weight (W )
Seismic weight is the sum of
Dead Load, and
an appropriate part of Imposed Load, that part which is likely to be
present during an earthquake
Part of the Imposed Load to be considered while calculating the

Seismic Weight is
Floors
25% of Imposed Load if Imposed Load 3.0 kN/m2
50% of Imposed Load if Imposed Load > 3.0 kN/m2
Roof
Nil, as the likelihood of Imposed Load being present on the roof
at the time of an earthquake is considered to be extremely low
(7.3.2, page 17)
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

Seismic Weight (W )
Dead Load, and

Seismic Weight is
Floors
Roof
(7.3.2, page 17)
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

Seismic Weight (W )
Dead Load, and

Seismic Weight is
Floors
Roof
(7.3.2, page 17)
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Methods of Estimating Seismic Forces

If Dynamic Analysis is not required as per the code, Equivalent Static
Method can be used
Dynamic Analysis must be performed under the following
circumstances
Dynamic Analysis must be used in the following cases
(7.8.1, page 25)
Regular Buildings
Irregular Buildings
Zones II, III

h > 90m
h > 40m
Zones IV, V
h > 40m
h > 12m
Dynamic analysis, when required, must be performed either by the

Time History Analysis or by the Response Spectrum Method (7.8.2,
page 25)
When Time History Analysis is used, the designer must
Choose an appropriate ground motion, and
Use accepted principles of dynamics for the analysis (7.8.3, page 23)
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

Method can be used
circumstances
(7.8.1, page 25)
Regular Buildings
Irregular Buildings
Zones II, III

h > 90m
h > 40m
Zones IV, V
h > 40m
h > 12m

page 25)
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

Method can be used
circumstances
(7.8.1, page 25)
Regular Buildings
Irregular Buildings
Zones II, III

h > 90m
h > 40m
Zones IV, V
h > 40m
h > 12m

page 25)
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

Method can be used
circumstances
(7.8.1, page 25)
Regular Buildings
Irregular Buildings
Zones II, III

h > 90m
h > 40m
Zones IV, V
h > 40m
h > 12m

page 25)
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Equivalent Static Method

Design Sesimic Base Shear, VB = Ah W (7.5.3, page 24)
Wi hi2
2
j=1 Wj hj
Distribute VB to different floor levels, Qi = VB Pn
(7.7.1,
page 24)
Apply the floor loads Qi along one direction and compute the seismic
design forces
Apply the same floor loads Qi in a direction perpendicular to the first
Combine the seismic design forces with other design forces, as per the
load combinations required
Design the structural members for the most severe load combination
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

Wi hi2
2
j=1 Wj hj
(7.7.1,
page 24)
design forces
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

Wi hi2
2
j=1 Wj hj
(7.7.1,
page 24)
design forces
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

Wi hi2
2
j=1 Wj hj
(7.7.1,
page 24)
design forces
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

Wi hi2
2
j=1 Wj hj
(7.7.1,
page 24)
design forces
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

Wi hi2
2
j=1 Wj hj
(7.7.1,
page 24)
design forces
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Steps for Equivalent Static Procedure

Zone Factor (Z ) (Table 2, page 16)
Height of building, h
Check if Equivalent Static Method can be used Clause 7.8.1, page 25
Importance Factor (I ), (Table 6, page 18)
Response Reduction Factor (R), (Table 7, page 23)
Soil Type - One of Type I(Rock or Hard Soil), Type II(Medium Soil)
or type III(Soft Soil)
Damping Ratio - Usually 5% for Reinforced Concrete and 2% for
Steel (7.8.2.1, page 25)
Multiplying Factor for
page 17)
Sa
g
for damping ratios other than 5% (Table 3,
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

Steel (7.8.2.1, page 25)
page 17)
Sa
g
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

Steel (7.8.2.1, page 25)
page 17)
Sa
g
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
contd. . .
Fundamental Natural Period (7.6, page 24)

Ta = 0.075h0.75 RC frames without brick infill panels
Ta = 0.085h0.75 Steel frames without bracings
All other buildings

Ta = 0.09h
d

Average Response Acceleration Coefficient Sga (Fig. 2, page 16)
using (i) Soil type, (ii) Fundamental Natural Period and (iii) Damping
Ratio
Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient Ah =
ZI Sa
2R g
Design Seismic Base Shear VB = Ah W (7.5.3, page 24)

Wi hi2
2
j=1 Wj hj
Design lateral load at Floor i, Qi = VB Pn
(7.7.1, page 24)
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
contd. . .

All other buildings

Ta = 0.09h
d

Ratio
ZI Sa
2R g

Wi hi2
2
j=1 Wj hj
(7.7.1, page 24)
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
contd. . .

All other buildings

Ta = 0.09h
d

Ratio
ZI Sa
2R g

Wi hi2
2
j=1 Wj hj
(7.7.1, page 24)
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
contd. . .

All other buildings

Ta = 0.09h
d

Ratio
ZI Sa
2R g

Wi hi2
2
j=1 Wj hj
(7.7.1, page 24)
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
contd. . .

All other buildings

Ta = 0.09h
d

Ratio
ZI Sa
2R g

Wi hi2
2
j=1 Wj hj
(7.7.1, page 24)
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Response Spectrum Method (7.8.4, page 25)

Undamped free vibration of the entire building using established
methods of mechanics
Number of modes to be considered must be such that the sum total
of modal masses of all modes considered is at least 90% of the total
seismic mass
Peak response quantities, such as, member design forces,
displacements, storey forces, storey shears and base reactions shall be
combined as per Complete Quadratic Combination (CQC) method
Modal Mass Mk of mode k is given as follows
P
[ ni=1 Wi ik ]2
Mk = Pn
g i=1 Wi 2ik
Implementing Response Spectrum Method by hand is tedious and
error prone as the computations required are complex
It is better to use a computer program for Response Spectrum
Method
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

seismic mass
P
[ ni=1 Wi ik ]2
Mk = Pn
g i=1 Wi 2ik
Method
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

seismic mass
P
[ ni=1 Wi ik ]2
Mk = Pn
g i=1 Wi 2ik
Method
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

seismic mass
P
[ ni=1 Wi ik ]2
Mk = Pn
g i=1 Wi 2ik
Method
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

seismic mass
P
[ ni=1 Wi ik ]2
Mk = Pn
g i=1 Wi 2ik
Method
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

seismic mass
P
[ ni=1 Wi ik ]2
Mk = Pn
g i=1 Wi 2ik
Method
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IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Thank You
Questions?!
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Response Spectrum Method: As Per IS 1893 (Part 1) :2002

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Response Spectrum Method: As Per IS 1893 (Part 1) :2002

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Response Spectrum Method

As Per IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

Satish A. Annigeri (BVBCET, Hubli)