Ram Prasad Bismil pronunciation (helpinfo) (11 June 1897 19 December 1927) was an

Indian revolutionary who participated in Mainpuri conspiracy of 1918, and the Kakori
conspiracy of 1925, and struggled against British imperialism. As well as being a freedom
fighter, he was also a patriotic poet and wrote in Hindi and Urdu using the pen names Ram,
Agyat and Bismil. But, he became popular with the last name "Bismil" only. He was associated
with Arya Samaj where he got inspiration from Satyarth Prakash, a book written by Swami
Dayanand Saraswati. He also had a confidential connection with Lala Har Dayal through his
guru Swami Somdev, a preacher of Arya Samaj.

Early life
Ram Prasad Bismil was born on 11 June 1897 to Murlidhar and Moolmati at Shahjahanpur, in
United Province, British India. He learnt Hindi from his father at home and was sent to learn
Urdu from a moulvi. He was admitted to an English-language school, despite of his father's
disapproval, and also joined the Arya Samaj in Shahjahanpur. Bismil showed a talent for writing
patriotic poetry.

Contact with Somdev

As an 18-year old student, Bismil read of the death sentence passed on Bhai Parmanand, a
scholar and companion of Har Dayal. At that time he was regularly attending the Arya Samaj
Temple at Shahjahanpur daily, where Swami Somdev, a friend of Paramanand, was staying.
Angered by the sentence, Bismil composed a poem in Hindi titled Mera Janm (en: My Birth),
which he showed to Somdev. This poem demonstrated a commitment to remove the British
control over India.

Lucknow Congress

Bismil left school in the following year and travelled to Lucknow

with some friends. The Naram Dal (of the Indian National Congress) was not prepared to allow
the Garam Dal to stage a grand welcome of Tilak in the city. They organised a group of youths
and decided to publish a book in Hindi on the history of American independence, America Ki
Swatantrata Ka Itihas, with the consent of Somdev. This book was published under the
authorship of the fictitious Babu Harivans Sahai and its publisher's name was given as Somdev
Siddhgopal Shukla. As soon as the book was published, the government of Uttar Pradesh
proscribed its circulation within the state.

Subhas Chandra Bose ( listen (helpinfo); 23 January 1897 18 August 1945 (aged 48)[1]) was
an Indian nationalist whose attempt during World War II to rid India of British rule with the help
of Nazi Germany and Japan left a troubled legacy.[4][5][6] The honorific Netaji (Hindustani
language: "Respected Leader"), first applied to Bose in Germany, by the Indian soldiers of the
Indische Legion and by the German and Indian officials in the Special Bureau for India in Berlin,
in early 1942, is now used widely throughout India.[7]
Earlier, Bose had been a leader of the younger, radical, wing of the Indian National Congress in
the late 1920s and 1930s, rising to become Congress President in 1938 and 1939.[8] However, he
was ousted from Congress leadership positions in 1939 following differences with Mohandas K.
Gandhi and the Congress high command.[9] He was subsequently placed under house arrest by
the British before escaping from India in 1940.[10]

With Indian National Congress: 19211932

He started the newspaper Swaraj and took charge of publicity for the Bengal Provincial Congress
Committee.[35] His mentor was Chittaranjan Das who was a spokesman for aggressive
nationalism in Bengal. In the year 1923, Bose was elected the President of All India Youth
Congress and also the Secretary of Bengal State Congress. He was also editor of the newspaper
"Forward", founded by Chittaranjan Das.[36] Bose worked as the CEO of the Calcutta Municipal
Corporation for Das when the latter was elected mayor of Calcutta in 1924.[34] In a roundup of
nationalists in 1925, Bose was arrested and sent to prison in Mandalay, where he contracted
tuberculosis.[37]
In 1927, after being released from prison, Bose became general secretary of the Congress party
and worked with Jawaharlal Nehru for independence. In late December 1928, Bose organized the
Annual Meeting of the Indian National Congress in Calcutta.[38] His most memorable role was as
General Officer Commanding (GOC) Congress Volunteer Corps.[38] Author Nirad Chaudhuri
wrote about the meeting:

Early life and background

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi[13] was born on 2 October 1869[1] in Porbandar (also known as
Sudamapuri), a coastal town on the Kathiawar Peninsula and then part of the small princely state
of Porbandar in the Kathiawar Agency of the British Indian Empire. His father, Karamchand
Gandhi (18221885), served as the diwan (chief minister) of Porbander state. His mother,
Putlibai, who was from a Pranami Vaishnava family,[14][15] was Karamchand's fourth wife, the
first three wives having apparently died in childbirth.[16][17] M. K. Gandhi had two brothers and
one sister. Mohandas was the youngest of them.

English barrister :-In 1888, Gandhi travelled to London, England, where he studied
law and jurisprudence and enrolled at the Inner Temple with the intention of becoming a
barrister. His time in London was influenced by a vow he had made to his mother upon leaving
India, in the presence of a Jain monk, to observe the precepts of sexual abstinence as well as
abstinence from meat and alcohol.[28] Gandhi tried to adopt "English" customs, including taking
dancing lessons. However, he could not appreciate the bland vegetarian food offered by his
landlady and was frequently hungry until he found one of London's few vegetarian restaurants.
Influenced by Henry Salt's writing, he joined the Vegetarian Society, was elected to its executive
committee,[29] and started a local Bayswater chapter.[16] Some of the vegetarians he met were
members of the Theosophical Society, which had been founded in 1875 to further universal
brotherhood, and which was devoted to the study of Buddhist and Hindu literature. They
encouraged Gandhi to join them in reading the Bhagavad Gita both in translation as well as in
the original.[29] Not having shown interest in religion before, he became interested in religious
thought.Gandhi was called to the bar in June 1891 and then left London for India, where he
learned that his mother had died while he was in London and that his family had kept the news
from him.[29] His attempts at establishing a law practice in Bombay failed because he was
psychologically unable to cross-question witnesses. He returned to Rajkot to make a modest
living drafting petitions for litigants, but he was forced to stop when he ran foul of a British
officer.[16][29] In 1893, he accepted a year-long contract from Dada Abdulla & Co., an Indian
firm, to a post in the Colony of Natal, South Africa, a part of the British Empire.[16]

Gopal Krishna Gokhale, CIE (Marathi: ; Hindi: )

pronunciation (helpinfo) (9 May 1866 19 February 1915) was one of the founding social and political
leaders during the Indian Independence Movement against the British Empire in India. Gokhale was a
senior leader of the Indian National Congress and founder of the Servants of India Society. Through the
Society as well as the Congress and other legislative bodies he served in, Gokhale promoted not only
primarily independence from the British Empire but also social reform. To achieve his goals, Gokhale
followed two overarching principles: non-violence and reform within existing government institutions.

Background and education

Gopal Krishna Gokhale was born on 9 May 1866 in Kothluk village of Guhagar taluka in
Ratnagiri district, in present-day Maharashtra (then part of the Bombay Presidency) in a
Chitpavan Brahmin Family. Despite being relatively poor, his family ensured that Gokhale
received an English education, which would place Gokhale in a position to obtain employment
as a clerk or minor official in the British Raj. Being one of the first generations of Indians to
receive a university education, Gokhale graduated from Elphinstone College in 1884.

Servants of India Society

In 1905, when Gokhale was elected president of the Indian National Congress and was at the
height of his political power, he founded the Servants of India Society to specifically further one
of the causes dearest to his heart: the expansion of Indian education. For Gokhale, true political
change in India would only be possible when a new generation of Indians became educated as to
their civil and patriotic duty to their country and to each other. Believing existing educational
institutions and the Indian Civil Service did not do enough to provide Indians with opportunities
to gain this political education,

Lakshmibai pronunciation (helpinfo) (19 November 1828 17 June 1858;[1][2][3] commonly

known in English as the Rani of Jhansi, and in Hindi as Jhansi ki Rani) was the rani (queen) of the
Maratha-ruled Jhansi State, situated in the north-central part of India. She was one of the
leading figures of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and for Indian nationalists a symbol of resistance
to the rule of the British East India Company in the subcontinent.

Biography
Lakshmibai was born probably on 21 November 1835[1][3][4][5][6] in the holy town of Varanasi into
a Maharashtrian Brahmin family.[7] She was named Manikarnika and was nicknamed Manu.[8]
Her father was Moropant Tambe and her mother Bhagirathi Sapre (Bhagirathi Bai).
May July 1857

A rumour that the cartridges supplied by the East India Company to the soldiers in its army
contained pork or beef fat began to spread throughout India in the early months of 1857.[16] On
10 May 1857 the Indian Rebellion started in Meerut; when news of this reached Jhansi, the Rani
asked the British political officer, Captain Alexander Skene, for permission to raise a body of
armed men for her own protection and Skene agreed to this.[17] The city was relatively calm in
the midst of unrest in the region but the Rani conducted a Haldi Kumkum ceremony with pomp
in front of all the women of Jhansi to provide assurance to her subjects,[when?] and to convince
them that the British were cowards and not to be afraid of them.[18][19]
August 1857 June 1858

From August 1857 to January 1858 Jhansi under the Rani's rule was at peace. The British had
announced that troops would be sent there to maintain control but the fact that none arrived
strengthened the position of a party of her advisers who wanted independence from British rule.
When the British forces finally arrived in March they found it well defended and the fort had
heavy guns which could fire over the town and nearby countryside.