Explain with the help of example how non Kshatriya could become king.

As per the Dharmashastras only Kshatriyas could become king, however there
are several examples from ancient Indian history that can prove that non
Kshatriyas could also become king.
Example 1:
The Mauriyas-According to the Buddhist text the Mauriyas were Kshatriyas,
however the brahmanical texts they were of low social origin.
Example2:
The Shungas and Kanvas were the immediate successors of the Mauriyas were
brahmanas.
Example3:
The Shakas were a central Asian clan who were considered as mlechchhas by the
brahmanas, this meant that they were barbarians or outsiders. A powerful Shaka
king Rudradaman adopted the policies prescribed for a king in the sanskritic
traditions.
Example 4:
The most important ruling lineage-the Satvahanas were Brahmins. The
Satvahana king Gotami puta siri satakarni claimed to be ekha brahmanas and
the destroyer of the pride of Kshatriyas.
Thus we can concluded that whoever could muster up some courage and fight
against the people in power could claim to become the ruler irrespective of their
caste.

List the problems face by epigraphists while using inscriptional evidences.

Epigraphists use inscriptions as a major source of reconstructing history.
However while doing so they often encounter some typical problems
Technical limitations:
Letters in the inscriptions are often found very faintly engraved and cannot be
read properly.
Unsure of the exact meaning:
Epigraphists are often unsure of the exact meaning of the words used the
inscriptions, some of the words may have been specific to a particular place or
time.
Not all inscriptions deciphered and published:

Although several thousand inscriptions have been discovered all of them have
not been deciphered published and translated.
A few inscriptions lost out of the series :
Many inscriptions may have existed but not all have been discovered. If a few
inscriptions from a series is lost, then the data loses its relevance.
Inscriptions fail to provide complete information.
The most fundamental problem was that everything was not considered to be
politically and economically significant to be recorded in inscriptions.
Inscriptions project the perspective of the one who commissioned it:
The content of the inscription projects the perspective of the one who
commissioned it .Thus when such inscriptions are used as a source it must be
compared with other sources.

Describe the early life and teachings of Buddha. How was Buddhism modified
after the death of Lord Buddha?
Early Life
Buddha was named Siddhartha when he was born. His father was the ruler of the
Liccahavi tribe of the Shakya clan.
As there was a prophecy that Siddhartha would become ascetic when he grew up
the king kept him away from the harsh realities of life. So he was never allowed
to go out of the palace. One day Sidhartha urged his charioteer to take him to
the city, and this was his first journey to the outside world. He was very sorrowful
to see an old man, a sick man and a corpse. He realised that the decay and the
destruction of the human body was inevitable. He then saw a mendicant (saint)
who seemed to have come to terms with old age disease and death and found
peace. Siddhartha decided to follow the same path. One night he left the palace
and with his wife and son sleeping and set off in search of his own truth.

Siddhartha followed many methods of meditation and once it so happened that

he was in a near death situation. He abandoned this path, he meditated for
several days and got enlightenment he now became the Buddha or the
enlightened one.
For the rest of his life he taught the dhamma a righteous way of living.

Teachings:

We come to know about the teachings of Buddha through the Buddhist text
known as sutta pitaka
Some stories describe the miraculous powers of Buddha but Buddha never
believed in display of powers supernatural, he believed in convincing people
through reasoning and persuasion.
According to Buddhist philosopy:
The world is transient and constantly changing it is also soulless and there is
nothing permanent and eternal. Within this transient world sorrow is intrinsic to
human existence. It is by following
The path of moderation between severe penance and self-indulgence can help
human beings rise above these worldly troubles.
The earliest form of Buddhism was silent about the presence of God.
Buddha expected individual efforts to reform social relations.
He emphasised on individual agency and righteous action as the means to
escape from the cycle of rebirth and attain self-realization or nibbana
(extinguishing ego and desire) and end the cycle of suffering for those who
renounce the world.

Elucidate the social divisions that existed in the brahmanical society. How were
occupational divisions related to social divisions?
According to the Brahamanical system the society was divided into four main
categories
Brahmanas who were supposed to study and teach Vedas, perform sacrifices and
get sacrifices performed, give and receive gifts.
Kshatiyas: to engage in war protect people, administer justice , study the vedas,
get sacrifices performed and make gifts.
Vaishyas: study the vedas, get sacrifices performed and make gifts , engage in
agriculture pastoralism and trade.
Shudras: they had only one task that is to serve the three upper castes.
The caste distinction was reinforced with the help of the hymn of the Rig Veda
Purusha Sukta.