OUTPUT DEVICES

PRINTER

The picture shows an inkjet printer, an output

device that can make a hard copy of anything
being displayed on a monitor. Below is a listing
of all the different computer output devices used
with a computer.

The world's first computer printer was a 19th-century

mechanically driven apparatus invented by Charles
Babbage for his difference engine.[1] This system used a
series of metal rods with characters printed on them and
stuck a roll of paper against the rods to print the
characters. The first commercial printers generally used
mechanisms from electric
typewriters and teletype machines, which operated in a
similar fashion. The demand for higher speed led to the
development of new systems specifically for computer
use.

PROJECTOR

The most common type of projector used today is called

a video projector. Video projectors are digital
replacements for earlier types of projectors such as slide
projectors and overhead projectors. These earlier types
of projectors were mostly replaced with digital video
projectors.throughout the 1990s and early 2000s
(decade), but old analog projectors are still used at
some places. The newest types of projectors
are handheld projectors that use lasers or LEDs to
project images. Their projections are hard to see if there
is too much ambient light.
Movie theaters use a type of projector called a movie
projector. Another type of projector is the enlarger, a
device used to produce photographic prints from
negative.

PLOTTER

The plotter is a computer printer for printing vector

graphics. In the past, plotters were used in applications
such as computer-aided design, though they have
generally been replaced with wide-format conventional
printers. A plotter gives a hard copy of the output. It
draws pictures on paper using a pen. Plotters are used
to print designs of ships and machines, plans for
buildings and so on.
Pen plotters print by moving a pen or other instrument
across the surface of a piece of paper. This means that
plotters are vector graphicsdevices, rather than raster
graphics as with other printers. Pen plotters can draw
complex line art, including text, but do so slowly
because of the mechanical movement of the pens. They
are often incapable of efficiently creating a solid region
of color, but can hatch an area by drawing a number of
close, regular lines.
Plotters offered the fastest way to efficiently produce
very large drawings or color high-resolution

SPEAKER

The most popular speaker used today is the dynamic

speaker, invented in 1925 by Edward W.
Kellogg and Chester W. Rice. The dynamic speaker
operates on the same basic principle as a dynamic
microphone, but in reverse, to produce sound from an
electrical signal. When an alternating current
electrical audio signal input is applied through the voice
coil, a coil of wire suspended in a circular gap between
the poles of apermanent magnet, the coil is forced to
move rapidly back and forth due to Faraday's law of
induction, which causes a paper cone attached to the
coil to move back and forth, pushing on the air to
create sound waves. Besides this most common
method, there are several alternative technologies that
can be used to convert an electrical signal into sound.
Where high fidelity reproduction of sound is required,
multiple loudspeakers may be used, each reproducing a
part of the audible frequency range. Miniature
loudspeakers are found in devices such as radio and TV
receivers, and many forms of music players.

MONITOR

A monitor or a display is an electronic visual

displayfor computers. The monitor comprises the display
device, circuitry and an enclosure. The display device in
modern monitors is typically a thin film transistor liquid
crystal display (TFT-LCD) thin panel, while older
monitors used a cathode ray tube (CRT) about as deep
as the screen size.
Originally, computer monitors were used for data
processing while television receivers were used for
entertainment. From the 1980s onwards, computers
(and their monitors) have been used for both data
processing and entertainment, while televisions have
implemented some computer functionality. The
common aspect ratio of televisions, and then computer
monitors, has also changed from 4:3 to 16:9 (and
16:10).