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UNIVERSITY OF VOCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

Faculty of Training Technology
Bachelor of Technology in Information & Communication Technology

(Software Technology) 2010 / 2013

Year II Semester II Examination March -2013

Real Time Programming (ICTST40402)

Instructions: This paper consists of three parts, PART (A), PART (B) and PART (C). You have to answer all
questions in each part.
Duration: Three (03) Hours
PART(A)
For each of the following statements, determine whether it is true or false. Motivate your answers
carefully. For each correct answer you will get one (01) mark.
1. Software doesnt deteriorate with age.
2. Software faults cannot remain dormant for long periods.
3. Value failure occurs when service provided does not comply with the specifications.
4. Fail silent system does not produces correct services in both value and time domain until it fails.
5. Fault prevention improves reliability of a system.
6. Presents of faults can be avoided after system constructions.
7. A full fault tolerance system stops its operation when the fault activated.
8. Safety critical systems require fail safe fault tolerance.
9. Components are redundant as they are not required in normal operation mode of a system.
10. A watch-dog timer enables the implementation of real-time systems by providing regularly timed
interrupt for starting real-time tasks.
(10 Marks)

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PART (B)
For each question select the most suitable answer and write them in the answer script. For each correct
answer you will get two (02) mark.
11. Which of the following is not true about a real time system?
(a) It is an information system
(b) It has to respond to externally generated input events
(c) System should response within a finite and specified period
(d) Response time is not an important issue
12. Which of the following is not true about an embedded system?
(a) Most embedded systems are real time systems
(b) It is a general-purpose computer
(c) Any device that includes a programmable computer
(d) Most processes are made for Embedded system market
13. Which of the following is a way to terminate a process?
(a) Completion of execution of the process body
(b) By execution of a self-terminate statement
(c) Abortion, through the explicit action of another process;
(d) All of the above

14. The two processes A and B are not communicating or synchronize with each other. Which best
describes the relation between the two processes.
(a) Cooperating

(b) Competing

(c) Independent

(d) Interleaving

15. The process P1 fails at time Terro. To which positions the two processes P1 and P2 should fall back as a
result of the failure in order to recover.

(a) R12 & R21

(b) R12 & R22

(c) R11 & R21

(d) R11 & R22

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16. Which of the following is true about N-Version programming?

(a) There are developed independently
(b) They do not use the same initial specifications
(c) They are developed by the same team
(d) They provide different functionalities

17. Which one of the following is a goal of fault tolerance?

(a) Minimize cost
(c) Maximize reliability

(b) Maximize size

(d) Maximize Safety

18. Which of the following cannot be used for fault removal?

(a) Requirement analysis
(c) Code review

(b) Design review

(d) Software testing

19. Failure of ejecting pilot seat in a fighter air craft is a

(a) Transient failure
(c) Critical failure

(b) Timing failure

(d) Permanent failure

20. Which of the following scenarios is not a real-time application?

(a) An ATM system
(b) On-line hotel room reservation
(c) Printing student transcripts
(d) System that controls unmanned air craft
21. Which one of the following is not an essential property of a soft real-time system?
(a) It is absolutely essential that responses occur within the required deadline
(b) Logical correctness is important
(c) Systems deadlines are important
(d) It is OK to miss the if deadlines occasionally

22. Which one of the following is a hard real-time system

i. An on-line celebrity cricket bat auction
ii. A patient monitoring system in an ICU
iii. A library book reservation system
iv. A banks credit card defaulters notice generation program
(a) i (b) iii

(c) ii

(d) iv

23. Which of the following is not suitable for testing and validating real time embedded systems
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(a) Test & validate systems in their real environment

(b) Simulations
(c) Testing sub-systems
(d) Careful specifications & comprehensive analysis of designs
24. Which of the followings sources of faults can result in system failure?
(a) Inadequate specification
(b) Design errors in software
(c) Processor failure
(d) All of the above
25. Which of the following faults starts at a particular time, remains in the system for some period and then
disappears.
(a) Permanent faults
(c) Intermittent faults

(b) Transient faults

(d) Physical faults
(30 Marks)
PART (C)

26. A process is an executing program, including the current values of the program counter, registers, stack,
open files, alarms and open files. Their state may change from time to time. A process is created,
moves into the state of initialization, proceeds to execution. The state change is drawn in the
following figure.

Non-existing

Executing

Created

Initializing

Re-draw the above figure by adding two new states Blocked and Terminated. When a process is
initialized it can be terminated. When a process is executing it can be terminated or blocked. When a
process is blocked it can be executed.
(05 Marks)
27. What is the difference between sequential programming and concurrent programming?
(04 Marks)
28. What is multi programming, multi processing and distributed processing?
(06 Marks)
29. A process initialization means passing information needed for its execution. Briefly explain two ways
that could use to initialize a process?
(02 Marks)
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30. What is the difference between fault prevention and fault tolerance?
(04 Marks)
31. List three important differences between conventional software systems and embedded real time
software systems.
(03 Marks)
32. Briefly explain how software faults and hardware faults can be avoided.
(04 Marks)
33. Using examples explain static redundancy (or masking) and dynamic redundancy.
(04 Marks)
34. List two factors that are affecting the success of the N-Version programming.
(02 Marks)
35. Briefly explain the four phases of software dynamic redundancy.
(04 Marks)
36. Write a Java program to read two numbers x and y through the key board. Both x and y are of type
integer and should satisfies the constraints ( x>=0 and x<50, y>50 and y <100).
The program should also find and prints
(i) x + y
(ii) y/x
Use exception handling to detect improper inputs and division by zero.
(10 Marks)
37. Define a class OddNumbers that extends Thread class to print the first n odd numbers. Also, define
another class EvenNumbers that implements Runnable interface to print the first m even numbers.
The class outlines are given below.
public class OddNumbers extends Thread {
private int n;
public OddNumbers(int x) {
// Filled in here to initialize n
}
public void run() {
// Filled in here
}
}
}
public class EvenNumbers implements Runnable {
private int m;

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public OddNumbers(int x) {
// Filled in here to initialize m
}
public void run() {
// Filled in here
}
}
}
You must complete the constructors and run methods as appropriately. Also, create another class
(Exam) which contains the main() method and print the first 50 odd numbers and first 100 even
numbers.
(12 Marks)

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