Measurement Systems Analysis

One root cause of variation is measurement.

While the QI Macros cannot teach you everything about Measurement Systems Analysis, here are the basic steps.
Comments: Many cells contain hidden comments. Hover your mouse of these cells to see the comment.
Gage R&R Average and Range Method and Anova Method (both in one worksheet)
1. Select 10 DIFFERENT parts and at least two "appraisers" and one gage
(If you don't use enough parts, part variation will be small and magnify the appraiser/equipment variation)
Rule: if you're measuring to 0.0001 range of parts should be 10 times the resolution (e.g., 0.4995 to 0.5005)
2. RANDOMLY, have appraisers measure each part at least twice but you can have up to five trials
3. Then enter the results of each measurement in Cells C3:L7, C11:L15, C19:L23
If there is a specification tolerance (+/-.05 = 0.10 tolerance) enter it in B43
If there is a reference value (independently verified and accurate target value for the parts) enter in O7, O15, O23
4. The template will automatically calculate all of the values based on your data
If NDC (F52) is less than 5, parts do not represent a big enough range for adequate analysis
Rows 44:45 will identify state of measurement system using Average and Range Method.
B48:B52 show Average and Range method results using part variation
C48:C52 show results using specification tolerance
Rows 66:71 show results using ANOVA method
5. Evaluate your measurement system based on %R&R and make adjustments as required.
Bias
Instructions
1. Measure a part 15 times using the gage (A2:A16)
2. Insert an actual, independently verified "reference value" in B2
2. Bias of gage and confidence intervales will be shown F7:G8
Linearity
Linearity evaluates a gage's ability to measure accurately across a wide range
Imagine measuring a baseball bat:
1. at the grip
2. in the middle
3. and at the widest part
Instructions
1. Measure 5 different parts 12 times using the gage (B3:F14)
2. Insert an actual, independently verified "reference values" for each of the parts in B16:F16
2. Bias of gage and confidence intervales will be shown F7:G8
Attribute Gage Method for Pass/Fail Gages
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Enter Spec Limits in N3:O3 (USL, LSL)
2. Select 10 parts and measure them accurately to get reference value
(These parts must have an actual reference value spanning unacceptable low to unacceptable high)
3. Have 3 appraisers accept/reject 10+ parts with at least three trials.
4. Enter pass/fail in columns B-J
5. Enter Reference value in column L
6. Evaluate effectiveness columns AJ-AV
Type 1 Gage R&R
1. You must have an independent "reference" value for the part being measured, USL and LSL.
2. One appraiser repeats measurement with a single gage 50 times.

3. Enter data into the cells

4. Template will calculate cg and cgk

e basic steps.

Watch GageR&R Video

How To Do Gage R&R

Sheet
GageR&R
Range Method
Bias
Linearity
Attribute Gage
Analytic Attribute
Type 1 GRR

Ford Test Data

Destructive Testing
Purchase AIAG MSA Reference

Purchase GageR&R WhitePaper

How to Analyze Bias

How to Analyze Linearity

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Gage R&R
http://www.aiag.org/
Part Number
http://www.qimacros.com/gage-r-and-r-study/aiag-msa-gage-r-and-r/
Average & Range Method
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
P8
P9
P10 Sum
Appraiser 1
Trial 1
29.987 29.995 29.995 29.988 29.993 29.994 29.987 29.996 29.993 29.995 ######
Enter your data here-> Trial2
29.988 29.992 29.991 29.999 29.992 29.994 29.989 29.993 29.992 29.999
Trial3
29.996 29.993 29.992 29.995 29.996 29.994 29.993 29.995 29.996 29.999
Trial4
29.992 29.994 29.995 29.996 29.993 29.992 29.996 29.998 29.997 29.992
Xbar1
Reference
Trial 5
29.999 29.995 29.996 29.989 29.998 29.997 29.996 29.999 29.992 29.993
29.994
29.993 <-Insert Reference
Total
149.96 149.97 149.97 149.97 149.97 149.97 149.96 149.98 149.97 149.98
Bias Value Here
Average-Appraiser
29.992 129.994 29.994 29.993 29.994 29.994 29.992 29.996 29.994 29.996
Rbar1
0.001
Range1
0.012 0.003 0.005 0.011
0.006 0.005 0.009 0.006 0.005 0.007
0.0069
Appraiser 2
Trial 1
29.988 29.992 29.992 29.994 29.996 29.995 29.999 29.999 29.994 29.993 ######
Enter your data here-> Trial2
29.99 29.993 29.995 29.993 29.995 29.993 29.992 29.993 29.999 29.987
Trial3
29.993 29.995 29.987 29.994 29.995 29.987 29.996 29.993 29.992 29.995
Trial4
29.988 29.99 29.998 29.987 29.995 29.998 29.987 29.999 29.988 29.99
Xbar2
Reference
Trial 5
29.988 29.999 29.989 29.996 29.993 29.995 29.991 29.996 29.992 29.991
29.99298
29.993
Total
149.95 149.97 149.96 149.96 149.97 149.97 149.97 149.98 149.97 149.96
Bias
Average-Appraiser
29.989 229.994 29.992 29.993 29.995 29.994 29.993 29.996 29.993 29.991
Rbar2
0.000
Range2
0.005 0.0089 0.011 0.009
0.003 0.011 0.012 0.006 0.011 0.008
0.00849
Appraiser 3
Trial 1
29.993 29.995 29.995 29.994 29.994 29.995 29.99 29.996 29.99 29.995 ######
Enter your data here-> Trial2
29.995 29.992 29.993 29.994 29.995 29.994 29.999 29.995 29.994 29.995
Trial3
29.992 29.985
30 29.987 29.995 29.995 29.992 29.991 29.986 29.999
Trial4
29.995 29.998 29.992 29.988 29.993 29.995 29.987 29.991 29.99 29.985
Xbar3
Reference
Trial 5
29.99 29.995 29.992 29.995 29.993 29.995 29.99 29.997 29.988 29.99
29.99288
29.993
Total
149.97 149.97 149.97 149.96 149.97 149.97 149.96 149.97 149.95 149.96
Bias
Average-Appraiser
29.993 329.993 29.994 29.992 29.994 29.995 29.992 29.994 29.99 29.993
Rbar3
0.000
Range3
0.005 0.013 0.008 0.008
0.002 0.001 0.012 0.006 0.008 0.014
0.0077
Range Average
0.0077
Constants
XDiff
0.0011
10 Trials 9Trials 8 Trials 7 Trials 6 Trials 5 Trials 4 Trials 3 Trials 2 Trials # Trials
5
UCL
0.0162
1.777 1.816 1.864
1.924 2.004
2.11
2.28
2.58
3.27
D4
2.11
UCL represents the limit of the individual
LCL
0.0000
0.223 0.184 0.136
0.076
0
0
0
0
0
D3
0
Circle those beyond the limit.
Repeatability(EV)
0.0033
0.308 0.337 0.373
0.419 0.483 0.577 0.729 1.023
1.88
A2
0.577
Identify and correct causes
Reproducibility(AV)
0.0004
0.3249 0.3367 0.3512 0.3698 0.3946 0.4299 0.4857 0.5908 0.8862
K1 0.429936
LCL = 0 D3=0 for up to 7 trials
Gage Capability(R&R)
0.0033
0.7071 0.5231
K2
0.5231
Spec Tolerance
0.015
2 Ops 3 Operators
XL2007 Bug causes this error me
3.0775
2.97 2.8472 2.7044 2.5344 2.3259 2.0588 1.6926 1.1284 d2
A formula in this worksheet contain
% Using % Using Gage system needs improvement
This bug was fixed in XL2010 and d
AIAG - Automotive IndustryTV
ActionTolerance
Group Formulas Gage may need maintenance, redesign, or better clamping
EV (Equipment Variation) 0.0033
Equipment Variation (EV)
%EV
93.6% 132.4% # Parts #Trials #Ops
% of Total Variation (TV)
Components of Variation
100.0%
AV: (Appraiser Variation)0.00035
10
5
3 Appraiser Variation(AV)
94.1%
93.6%
%AV
10.0% 14.1%
% of Total Variation (TV)
R&R (Gage Capability) 0.0033
Repeatability and Reproducibility (R&R)
80.0%
%R&R
94.1% 133.1%
NDC 1
% of Total Variation (TV)
PV (Part Variation)
0.0012 Not enough Part Variation for Study Part Variation (PV)
%PV
33.8%
48%
% of Total Variation (TV)
60.0%
TV (Total Variation)
0.0035
Total Variation (TV)
40.0%

33.8%

40.0%

Calculate GageR&R using Anova

With Interaction Without Interaction
Anova Source
df
SS
MS
F
P
F
P
Appraiser
2 0.0000 0.0000 1.6649 0.217 1.7279 0.181
Parts
9 0.0002 2E-05 1.7561 0.148 1.8226 0.069
Appraiser x Part
18 0.0001 8E-06 0.7206 0.784
Gage w AP Interaction
120 0.0014 0.0000
Gage w/o AP Interaction 138 0.0015 0.0000
Total
149 0.0018
Without Interaction
NDC 0

Without Interaction
Repeatability
Appraiser
AppraiserxPart
R&R
Part

Estimate
of
Variance

0.00001
2E-07
0
0.00001
0.00000

Std. Dev

0.0033
0.0004
0
0.0034
0.0008

Total
%
Variation Estimate
Total
Contributi
Using
of
Variation
on
Tolerance Variance

EV 96.7%
AV 11.7%
INT
0.0%
R&R 97.4%
PV 22.6%
TV 0.0207

33.8%

20.0%

10.0%

0.0%

%EV

With Interaction

Std. Dev

94% 133.5% ###### 0.0034

1% 16.1% 2E-07 0.0005
0%
0.0% 6E-07 0.0008
95% 134.4% ###### 0.0035
5% 31.3% ###### 0.0009
0.0025

NDC 0

Total
%
Variation
Total
Contributi
Using
Variation
on
Tolerance

EV 98.5%
AV 13.5%
INT 23.3%
R&R 102.1%
PV 25.9%
TV ######

97% 136.0%
2% 18.7%
5% 32.1%
104% 141.0%
7% 35.7%

%AV

%R&R

%PV

Part Number

Part
Plot
3 by Appraiser
4
5 (Stacked)
6

10

30
29.998
29.996
Average-Appraiser 1

Averagge

29.994

Average-Appraiser 2
Average-Appraiser 3

29.992

UCL
XCL

29.99

LCL

or Reference Value 29.992 29.994 29.993 29.993 29.994 29.994 29.992 29.995 29.992 29.993
Error Appr 1 -0.0046 0.0015 0.0015 -0.005 -0.0014 -2E-04 -0.005 0.0006 0.0008 0.0018
-0.0036 -0.002 -0.002 0.0064 -0.0024 -2E-04 -0.003 -0.002 -2E-04 0.0058
29.986
0.0044 -5E-04 -0.001 0.0024 0.0016 -2E-04 0.0007 -4E-04 0.0038 0.0058
0.0004 0.0005 0.0015 0.0034 -0.0014 -0.002 0.0037 0.0026 0.0048 -0.001
29.984
0.0074 0.0015
0.0025
0.0036 0.0028
0.0037
-2E-04 -2E-04
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5 -0.004 P6
P7
P8 0.0036 P9
P10
Part
Error Appr 2 -0.0036 -0.002 -0.001 0.0014 0.0016 0.0008 0.0067 0.0036 0.0018 -2E-04
-0.0016 -5E-04 0.0015 0.0004 0.0006 -0.001 -3E-04 -0.002 0.0068 -0.006
0.0014 0.0015 -0.006 0.0014 0.0006 -0.007 0.0037 -0.002 -2E-04 0.0018
Part by Appraiser Plot
-0.0036 -0.004 0.0045 -0.006 0.0006 0.0038 -0.005 0.0036 -0.004 -0.003
-0.0036 0.0054 -0.004 0.0034 -0.0014 0.0008 -0.001 0.0006 -2E-04 -0.002
Error
Appr
30.0014 0.0015 0.0015 0.0014 -0.0004 0.0008 -0.002 0.0006 -0.002 0.0018
30
0.0034 -0.002 -5E-04 0.0014 0.0006 -2E-04 0.0067 -4E-04 0.0018 0.0018
0.0004 -0.009 0.0065 -0.006 0.0006 0.0008 -3E-04 -0.004 -0.006 0.0058
29.998
0.0034 0.0045 -0.001 -0.005 -0.0014 0.0008 -0.005 -0.004 -0.002 -0.008
-0.0016 0.0015 -0.001 0.0024 -0.0014 0.0008 -0.002 0.0016 -0.004 -0.003
29.996
1st Quartile
Upper Limit
Lower Limit
3rd Quartile
Appraiser 1
Appraiser 2
Appraiser 3
Part 1 - App29.988
1
29.999 29.987 29.996
range count range count range count
2 29.988 29.993 29.988 29.99
-0.0053
0 -0.0072
0 -0.0085
0
29.994
3 29.992 29.995 29.99 29.995
-0.0044
3 -0.0062
3 -0.0074
2
Part 2 - App29.993
1
29.995 29.992 29.995
-0.0035
2 -0.0052
2 -0.0063
0
29.992
2 29.992 29.999 29.99 29.995
-0.0026
1 -0.0042
1 -0.0053
3
3 29.992 29.998 29.985 29.995
-0.0016
4 -0.0032
6 -0.0042
4
29.99
Part 3 - App29.992
1
29.996 29.991 29.995
-0.0007
5 -0.0022
3 -0.0031
1
2 29.989 29.998 29.987 29.995
0.0002
8 -0.0012
5 -0.0020
4
3
29.992
30
29.992
29.995
0.0011
5
-0.0002
4
-0.0009
6
29.988
Part 4- App29.989
1
29.999 29.988 29.996
0.0020
6 0.0008
7 0.0002
5
2 29.993 29.996 29.987 29.994
0.0029
4 0.0018
8 0.0013
8
29.986
3 29.988 29.995 29.987 29.994
0.0038
5 0.0028
2 0.0024
10
Part 5- App29.993
1
29.998 29.992 29.996
0.0047
2 0.0038
4 0.0035
3
29.984
2 29.995 29.996 29.993 29.995
0.0056
1 0.0048
2 0.0046
1
Appraiser 1
3
3 29.993 29.995 29.993 29.995
0.0065
3 0.0058 Appraiser
1 0.0056
0
Appraiser 2
Part 6 - App29.994
1
29.997 29.992 29.994
0.0074
0 0.0068
1 0.0067
2

Averagge

Average
29.988

Series1
UCL
XCL
LCL

2 29.993
3 29.995
Part 7 - App29.989
1
2 29.991
3
29.99
Part 8 - App29.995
1
2 29.993
3 29.991
Part 9 - App29.992
1
2 29.992
3 29.988
Part 10 - App
29.993
1
2
29.99
3
29.99

0.018
0.016
0.014

Range

0.012
0.01

0.008

29.998
29.995
29.996
29.999
29.999
29.999
29.999
29.997
29.997
29.999
29.994
29.999
29.995
29.999

29.987 29.995
0.0083
1 0.0078
Range of29.995
Parts by Appraiser (Stacked)
29.994
29.987 29.996
29.987 29.996
29.987 29.992
29.993 29.998
29.993 29.999
29.991 29.996
29.992 29.996
29.988 29.994
29.986 29.99
29.992 29.999
29.987 29.993
29.985 29.995

1 0.0078

Range1
Range2
Range3
UCL

0.006

Rave

0.004

0.002
0
P1

P2

P3

P4

P5

P6

P7

P8

P9

P10

Parts

Range of Parts by Appraiser

0.018
0.016
0.014

0.01
Series1

0.008

UCL
Rave

0.006
0.004
0.002

Appraiser 1

Appraiser 2

Appraiser 3

Sum

P10

P9

P8

P7

P6

P5

P4

P3

P2

P1

P10

Sum

P9

P8

P7

P6

P5

P4

P3

P2

P1

Sum

P9

P10

P8

P7

P6

P5

P4

P3

P2

0
P1

Range

0.012

Run Chart of All Parts

30.002

30
29.998

29.996
29.994

29.992
29.99
29.988

29.986
29.984

10

12

Scatter Chart - Parts 1-4

30.005

30

29.995

29.99

29.985

29.98

29.975
1

Part Number by Appraiser

Appraiser

Scatter Chart - Parts 5-8

30
29.998

29.996
29.994

29.992
29.99
29.988

29.986
29.984

29.982
29.98
5

Part Number by Appraiser

Scatter Chart - Parts 9-10

30.005

30

29.995

29.99

29.985

29.98

29.975

10
Part Number by Appraiser

Box and Whisker Chart

30.005
30
29.995

29.99
29.985
29.98
29.975

Parts By Appraiser

Error Chart - Parts 1-4

0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0
-0.002

-0.004
-0.006
-0.008
-0.01
1

Part Number by Appraiser

Appraiser

Error Chart - Parts 5-8

0.008
0.006

0.004
0.002

0
-0.002
-0.004

-0.006
-0.008
5

Part Number by Appraiser

Error Chart - Parts 9-10

0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002

0
-0.002
-0.004
-0.006

-0.008
-0.01
9

10

Part Number by Appraiser

Appraiser 1 - Normalized Error

9

8
7

Frequency

6
5

4
3
2

1
0

-0.01

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.01

Appraiser 2 - Normalized Error

9
8

Frequency

5
4

3
2

1
0

-0.01

-0.01

-0.01

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Appraiser 3 - Normalized Error

12

10

Frequency

-0.01

-0.01

-0.01

-0.01

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.01

X-Y Plot of Averages of Appr A

30
29.998
29.996
Appr A

29.994
29.992
29.99
29.988
29.986
29.991

29.9915

29.992

29.9925

29.993

29.9935

29.994

Overall Average

29.9945

29.995

29.9955

29.996

X-Y Plot of Averages of Appr B

30
29.998
29.996
Appr B

29.994
29.992
29.99
29.988
29.986
29.991

29.9915

29.992

29.9925

29.993

29.9935
29.994
Overall Average

29.9945

29.995

29.9955

29.996

29.9945

29.995

29.9955

29.996

X-Y Plot of Averages of Appr C

30.002
30
29.998
29.996
Appr C

29.994
29.992

29.99
29.988
29.986
29.984
29.991

29.9915

29.992

29.9925

29.993

29.9935
29.994
Overall Average

Comparison of Appr A-B

30
29.998
29.996
Appr B

29.994
29.992
29.99
29.988
29.986
29.986

29.988

29.99

29.992

29.994

29.996

29.998

30

29.996

29.998

30

Appr A

Comparison of Appr A-C

30.002
30
29.998

Appr C

29.996
29.994
29.992
29.99
29.988
29.986
29.984
29.986

29.988

29.99

29.992

29.994
Appr A

Comparison of Appr B-C

30.002
30
29.998

Appr C

29.996
29.994
29.992
29.99
29.988
29.986
29.984
29.986

29.988

29.99

29.992

29.994
Appr B

29.996

29.998

30

Instructions 1. Select 10 DIFFERENT parts and at least two "appraisers" and one gage
(If you don't use enough parts, part variation will be small and magnify the appraiser/equipment variation)
Rule: The 10 parts should cover the Spec Tolerance (e.g., 0.4995 to 0.5005), otherwise identical parts will cause high %R&R.
If NDC (Number of Distinct Categories, F52) is less than 5, there is not enough part variation to enable an accurate study.
2. RANDOMLY, have appraisers measure each part at least twice
3. Then enter the results of each measurement in Cells C3:L7, C11:L15, C19:L23
4. The template will automatically calculate all of the values based on your data
5. Evaluate your measurement system based on %R&R and make adjustments as required.
Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility
Measurement is one common cause of variation. Gage R&R helps improve measurement systems
If repeatability (EV - Can the same person using the same gauge measure the same thing consistently)
is larger than reproducibility, reasons include:
1. Gage instrument needs maintenance
2. Gage needs to be redesigned
3. Clamping or location needs to be improved
4. Excessive within-part variation
If reproducibility (AV-can two appraisers measure the same thing and get the same result)
is larger than repeatability, reasons include:
1. Operator needs to be better trained in how to use and read gage
2. Calibrations on gage are not clear
3. Fixture required to help operator use gage more consistently
Gage System Acceptability
%R&R<10%
Gage System Okay (Most variation caused by parts, not people or equipment)
%R&R<30%
May be acceptable based on importance of application and cost of gage or repair

L represents the limit of the individual R's Verified using AIAG Measurement Systems Analysis 4th Edition
le those beyond the limit.
ntify and correct causes
To learn how to use GageR&R, get the AIAG MSA reference.
= 0 D3=0 for up to 7 trials
Order from:
http://www.aiag.org

http://www.qimacros.com/200303Six.html
2007 Bug causes this error message (not a QI Macros bug):
ormula in this worksheet contains one or more invalid references
s bug was fixed in XL2010 and does not exist in XL97-2003
Wheeler GageR&R
%EV

88%

%AV

1%

%R&R

89%

%PV

11%
100%

Measurements
70.1000
70.5700
70.0500
71.1100
70.5500

Part Number
Part Name
Control Plan
USL
Target
LSL
Tolerance
Reference

12345
Name

Gage
Characteristic
Specification
Discrimination
Appraiser

80
70.5
60
20
70.55

Capability
Cg
Cgk
%Var - R
%Var R&B

Gage R&R
1.55 Acceptable
1.49 Acceptable
12.90%
13.39%

Average
Stdev
Bias
n
T
p

#1
Diameter
mm
0.001

70.476
0.430
0.074
5
0.385
0.720

Measurements
73.00
72.00
71.00
70.00
69.00
68.00
67.00
66.00
1

10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49

Measurements

Target

Ref - 0.1*Tol

Ref + 0.1*Tol

Type 1 Gage R&R

Range Method

Range Method
Part
Appraiser 1
Appraiser 2
Range
GR&R
Insert Process
Standard
Deviation
%GR&R

2
0.85
0.8
0.05

Insert Your Data Here

3
4
0.75
1
0.45
0.7
0.95
0.55
0.05
0.05
0.1

0.058824

0.0777
75.7%

Page 22

Average

0.5
0.6
0.1

0.71
0.72 d2
0.07
1.19

Bias

Reference
Value
Value
Bias
5.8
6.0
-0.2
5.7
-0.3
5.9
-0.1
5.9
-0.1
6.0
0.0
6.1
0.1
6.0
0.0
6.1
0.1
6.4
0.4
6.3
0.3
6.0
0.0
6.1
0.1
6.2
0.2
5.6
-0.4
6.0
0.0

Average/
n
Mean
Stdev
15
6.006667 0.21202
Bias
0.0067

Stdev(r)
Stdev(b)
0.2251409
0.0547433

tStatistic/
critical
d2*/d2
0.121781 3.55333
2.144787 3.47193

95% Confidence
Lower
Upper
-0.1107
0.1241
Bias Acceptable
Reference: AIAG MSA Version 4 pgs 87-92
Bias

Page 23

Bias

df

m
14 d2*
df
d2
t crit 95%

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1.41421 1.91155 2.23887 2.48124 2.67253 2.82981 2.96288
1
2
2.9
3.8
4.7
5.5
6.3
1.12838 1.69257 2.05875
2.3593 2.53441 2.70436
2.8472
4.302653 3.182446 2.776445 2.570582 2.446912 2.364624 2.306004

Page 24

Bias

9
10
11
12
13
14
3.07794 3.17905 3.26909 3.35016 3.42378 3.49116
7
7.7
8.3
9
9.6
10.2
2.97003 3.07751 3.17287 3.25846 3.33598 3.40676
2.262157 2.228139 2.200985 2.178813 2.160369 2.144787

Page 25

15
16
17
3.55333 3.61071 3.66422
10.8
11.3
11.9
3.47193 3.53198 3.58788
2.13145 2.119905 2.109816

Bias

18
19
20
3.71424 3.76118 3.80537
12.4
12.9
13.4
3.64006 3.68896
3.735
2.100922 2.093024 2.085963

Page 26

Linearity

Part
Trials

Average
Reference
Values
Bias
Range
bias=
slope*ref+b
n=
Slope=
b=
Goodness of
fit

Bias
3

2.7
2.5
2.4
2.5
2.7
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.6
2.4
2.49

5.1
3.9
4.2
5
3.8
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.9
4
4.1
3.8
4.13

5.8
5.7
5.9
5.9
6
6.1
6
6.1
6.4
6.3
6
6.1
6.03

7.6
7.7
7.8
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.7
7.8
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.71

2.00
0.492
0.40

4.00
0.125
1.30

6.00
0.025
0.70

8.00
-0.292
0.30

-0.05333

-0.31667

1.5

0.473333

0.21

Insert Process
Variation
2.488105
Linearity
0.3276
%Linearity
13.17%

4.00
1.1
-0.1
0.2
1.0
-0.2
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
0.0
0.1
-0.2
0.125

8.00
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.3
-0.2
-0.2
-0.2
-0.3
-0.2
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.292

10.00
-0.9
-0.7
-0.5
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.4
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.617

10.00 0.358504 0.095171 -0.16816

-0.617 0.588162 0.324829 0.061496
0.50
Linearity

-0.4315
-0.20184

-0.69483
-0.46517

-0.58

1.0

60
-0.13167
0.736667
0.977907

6.00
-0.2
-0.3
-0.1
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.025

9.1
9.3
9.5
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.6
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.38

2.00
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.4
0.492

0.5
Bias

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

0.0
0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

-0.5

-1.0
Reference Values

Page 27

8.00

10.00

12.00

Linearity

-0.05
+ Confidence Limits
Linearity
Linearity evaluates a gage's ability
to measure accurately across a wide range
Imagine measuring a baseball bat:
1. at the grip
2. in the middle
3. and at the widest part

Page 28

Appraiser A
Part #

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39

Trial 1

Trial 2

1
1
0

1
1
0

Appraiser B

Appraiser C

Reference Results
Trial 3 Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Reference Ref Value Code
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.476901
+
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.509015
+
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.573646
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-

LSL
USL %R&R Gray zone
0.45
0.545
25%
0.02375
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Enter Spec Limits Above
2. Have 3 appraisers accept/reject 10+ parts
3. Enter pass/fail in columns B-J
4. Enter Reference value in column L
5. Evaluate effectiveness columns AJ-AV

Cro

40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 = Fail
1 = Pass

+ = within spec limits

- = outside spec limits
x = gray area around spec limits

eject 10+ parts

Crosstabulation
B
Total
A
0
1
0
3
0
3
Expected
1.0
2.0
3
1
0
6
6
Expected
2.0
4.0
6
Total
3
6
9
C
B

0
0
3
Expected
1.0
1
0
Expected
2.0
Total
3

0
0
3
Expected
1.0
1
0
Expected
2.0
Total
3

KappaA
A
B
1.00
C
1.00

0
1
Total

Total
1
0
2.0
6
4.0
6

C
A

Crosstabulation
REF
0
1
3
0
1.0
2.0
0
6
2.0
4.0
3
6
REF
0
3
1.0
0
2.0
3

B
3
3
6
6
9

0
1
Total

Total
1
0
2.0
6
4.0
6

B
1.00
1.00

C
1.00
1.00
-

0
1
Total

Ref

A
1.00

3
3
6
6
9

1
0
2.0
6
4.0
6

3
3
6
6
9
Total

1
0
2.0
6
4.0
6

C
1.00

Total

REF
0
3
1.0
0
2.0
3

C
3
3.0
6
6
9

Total

1.00

3
3
6
6
9

Total
# Match

Mixed
95% UCI
Score
95% LCI

% Appraiser
B
3
3
3
3

100%
100%
29%

100%
100%
29%

C
3
3

100%
100%
29%

System % Effective Score

3
3
100%
100%
29%

Total
# Match
95% UCI
Score
95% LCI

Effectiveness
A 100.0%
B 100.0%
C 100.0%
Acceptable
Marginal
Unacceptable

>= 90%
>=80%
<80%

Miss
Rate
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%

False
Alarm
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%

<=2%
<=5%
> 5%

<=5%
<=10%
>10%

% Score vs Attribute
A
B
C
3
3
3
3

0
100%
100%
29%

0
100%
100%
29%

3
3

0
100%
100%
29%

System % Effective Score vs Ref

3
3
100%
100%
29%

Xt
-0.016
-0.015
-0.014
-0.013
-0.012
-0.011
-0.0105
-0.01
-0.008

P'a
0
1
3
5
8
16
18
20
20

0.025
0.075
0.175
0.275
0.425
0.775
0.875
0.975
1

Slope(m)= 148.1918
b=
2.314112
R^2=
0.924564
F=
85.79383
df=
7
sum squares1.163923
regression=

Normal Probability Plot

y = 148.19x + 2.3141

-0.016

-0.014

-0.012

-0.01

Analytic Method Instructions (AIAG MSA Version 3, pp.135-140)

1. Set the spec tolerance (e.g., +/- 0.01)
2. Select 8 parts near the lower tolerance (-.01)
3. Measure each one 20 times using the attribute gage
4. Count the number of times each part is accepted
5. Smallest part must be accepted zero times (a=0)
6. The largest part must be accepted all a=20 tries
7. The other six parts must be accepted a=1-19 times (not zero or 20)
8. If any of the other six parts are accepted 0 or 20, measure another part until you get six between 1-19
9. Enter parts and number of times accepted into columns A and B as shown
For best results, take samples at a=0 and a=20, then work toward the middle
Repeat until criteria are met.
10. Plot on Normal Probability Paper or use Bias/Repeatability from this chart

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.008

Spec
Slope(m)=
Tolerance (+/-)
148.1918239
0.01
b=
2.314111635
P =.5 Cross
-0.012241645
Bias
0.002241645
Repeatability
0.006185676
t
11.34289451
Bias significantly different from zero