Describe Relationship

Able to state clearly and accurately the relationship between the condition of medium
and Lemna growth based on the criteri:
P1 alkali, acidic or neutral
P2 Lemna sp. growth
Answer.
In the acidic medium, the Lemna sp. growth is less, and increases when the medium becomes
nuetural but decreases when in alkaline condition.
Lemna sp grows very well in neutral medium and less growth in alkaline or acidic medium.

EXPLAINING RELATIONSHIP
1)
Based on the graph.... explain the relationship between the presence of TC and the
changes of population of TC in Set A and Set B.
Able to interpret data correctly and explain the following aspects:
Relationship:
P1 = able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and responding data
Explanation:
P2 = able to state the competition between TC and TF
P3 = able to state TC is stronger / more dominant than TF
Answer:
In the presence of TC, the growth rate of TF is slow and decreasing. This is because TC is
stronger than TF in comptition for food and space.

2)
Explain the relationship between the volume of water intake to the average volume of
urine produced
R1: Relationship the higher volume of water intake, the higher the average volume of urine
produced
R2 : osmotic pressure decreases
R3 : less water reabsorbed (fr kidney) //less ADH produced//kidney tubules become less
permeable to water
Answer: R1 (The higher the volume of water intake, the higher the (average) volume of
urine produced because) the R2( osmotic pressure decreases.) R3( Thus, less water
reabsorbed from the kidney.)

3)
Interpreting data
Explain the relationship between the test tube content and the volume of bubbles formed in
Q.
Able to explain clearly and accuratly the relationship between the test tube content and the
volume of bubbles form in Q, based on 3 criteria:
Test tube content
Volume of bubbles formed
Explanation: Relationship between pH value/medium and the rate of reaction.
Answer
The content of test tube Q is hydrogen peroxide, distilled water and potato cube, at pH
7/neutral the reaction is highest/optimum pH for enzyme reaction which produces the highest
volume of bubbles (11.5 cm3)
4)
Based on the graph, explain the relationship betweeen the mass of talipia and time
time
3
4
5
6
7

mass
42
75
98
108
111

Able to explain the relationship between mass of fish with time correctly on the following
criteria:
K1 state the relationship between mass of fish with time
K2 state the mass of fish
K3 state the reason
The mass of the fish increases with time, and the increase in mass is caused by the increase of
cells/ size of cells /cell differentiation

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
Comments:
1. You are required to state the operational definition for population distribution of
Pleurococcus sp.
2. Give a definition of population distribution based on the context of the experiment (how it
is measured, and what are the environmental variables affecting it)
3. This question is from Chapter 8: Dynamic Ecosystem
Key points:
total surface area in cm2
measured using a grid
affected by light intensity
The population distribution of Pleurococcus sp. is the total surface area in cm2
covered by Pleurococcus sp., which is measured using a 10 cm X 10 cm grid and is
affected by light intensity
The operational definition of population distribution should be stated by describing
what must be done and what should be observed.
(CDC, MOE. (2005) Form 4 biology specifications ICSS. Kuala Lumpur: MOE
Malaysia)
9. DEFINING OPERATIONALLY
This is a definition in the context of the experiment, and not the textbook definition.
EXAMPLE 1: An experiment is carried out to investigate photosynthesis and the
number of bubbles released is counted. The operational definition of photosynthesis
would then be:
Photosynthesis is the process where green plants release bubbles in the presence of
light, carbon dioxide and water.
EXAMPLE 2: An experiment is carried out to investigate photosynthesis and leaves
are tested with iodine solution for the presence of starch. The operational definition
of photosynthesis would be:
Photosynthesis is the process where green leaves in the presence of light, carbon
dioxide and water,
produce starch which turns iodine solution dark blue. (You must have a phrase which
includes the context of the experiment / experimental conditions.)

You are required to state the operational definition for the process of
photosynthesis based on the result (the data) of this experiment.

The operational definition of the process of photosynthesis should be stated by

describing what must be done and what should be observed.
(CDC, MOE. (2005) Form 4 biology specifications ICSS. Kuala Lumpur: MOE
Malaysia)
The release of a gas (by an aquatic plant that is exposed to a lighted bulb), which is
then collected as a bubble in a capillary tube (and measured in cm).
1. You are required to state the operational definition for the process of
photosynthesis based on the result of this experiment.
2. Operational definition is a definition in the context of the experiment by describing
what must be done (aquatic plant, with light from electric bulb and NaHCO3) and
what should be observed (produces gas bubbles)
Key points:
what must be done
what should be observed
Photosynthesis is a process which takes place in an aquatic plant, requiring light
from a electric bulb and sodium hydrogen carbonate, and produces gas bubbles.

Define operationally the abiotic factor in an ecosystem.

Able to explain the abiotic factor operationally based on 3 criteria:
Lemna sp (organism)
Affected (growth)
pH of medium (abiotic factor in ecosystem)
Answer: Abiotic factor is pH of the medium that affect the Lemna sp. growth in an
ecosystem disc
Operational definition of osmosis:
movement of water to/from potato disc
plasma membrane (of potato)
difference concentration between sucrose solution and cell sap of potato
changes in diameter of potatoo)
Answer:
what must be done: Osmosis is the movement of water to/from potato disc through
the plasma membrane (of potat due to the difference in concentration in sucrose
solution and cell sap of potato cell
what should be observed: that will result in changes/decrease/increase in diameter
of potato cell

Operational definition of enzyme:

Able to state what an enzyme is based on experiment according to the criteria:
What must be done: chemical /substance/molecule/enzyme in potato, which
react with hydrogen peroxide
what must be observe: to produce bubbles, Affected by pH
Answer:
1 Enzyme is a chemical in a potato that reacts with hydrogen peroxide to
produce bubbles and the reaction is affected by the pH of the medium.
2 Enzyme in potato react with hydrogen peroxide to produce bubbles and is
effected by pH.
Operational definition of transpiration:
process of movement of air bubble in the capillary tube of the potometer
after balsam plant shoot being exposed to a lighted bulb at a distance of 5 cm
for 20 minutes
And the rate of transpiration is affected by light intensity
Transpiration is the (what must be observe) the length travelled in cm by the air
bubble in the capillary tube of the potometer What must be done) after the balsam
plant has been exposed to a lighted bulb at a distance of 5 cm for 20 minutes and
the rate of transpiration is affected by light intensity

2006
Based on this experiment, what can you deduce about this enzyme?
( Pepsin on albumin)
This enzyme/pepsin hydrolysed/digest/act on albumen suspension which is cloudy to become
clear and the rate of enzyme/pepsin reaction is affected by the concentration of
substrate/albumen
2007
Based on the results of this experiment, what can be deduced about photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is a process where Hydrilla sp. in sodium hydrogen carbonate solution
produces bubbles and the number of bubbles released is influenced by light intensity
2008
State the operational definition for population distribution of Pleurococcus sp.
Population distribution is defined as the total surface area covered by Pleurococcus sp. in a
10cm X 10cm grid at different light intensity/is affected by light intensity.
2009
Based on the result of this experiment, state the operational definition for the process of
photosynthesis.

The process of photosynthesis is where the aquatic plant in sodium hydrogen carbonate
solution produces gas bubbles and the length of the gas bubble released is influenced by light
intensity.
2010
State the operational definition for exhaled air.
Exhaled air is the air column/air sample collected in the J-tube which contains CO2 and is
absorbed by potassium hydroxide. The length of air column is influenced by time of activity.