n the circuit of Fig. 2.

98 if theFigure
current
2.98
! resistor is 2 A.

2.37
If Req = 50 ! in the circuit in Fig. 2.101, find R.
For
Prob. 2.34.

CHAPTER 2

5!

Basic Laws

2.35

Find the equivalent resistance at terminals

R
10 !a-b for
a
b
each of the networks in Fig. 2.99.
30 !
20 !
2.34
Find I and Vs in the circuit of Fig. 2.98 if the current
2.37
If Req = 50 !8in!the circuit
in Fig. 2.101, find
through the 3-! resistor is 2 A.
1. For each circuit below, find an Rexpression
for the equivalent
12 ! resistance
12 ! measured
12 ! at terminals a,b (9pts)
eq

2!

4!

Vs

60 !

a
2A

6!

R 2! R

3!

I
R

2.38R

r Prob. 2.34.

+
b"

10 !

Vs

lent resistance at terminals a-b for

R
works in Fig. 2.99. a

Figure 2.98

3R

2.35
R1

b
R

resistor at terminals
2 Aa-b.

a
a

8!

2!

Figure 2.99

For Prob. 2.35.

R
R

2R (a)

3R

3!

2.39
+
"

10 V

2 !2.102
(b)Figure

3R

r Prob. 2.35.

Figure 2.100

network in Fig. 2.100, find I and Req .

Req

1!

2.36
6!

Figure 2.99

2!

2!

b
Figure
2.102

3R

20 !

10 !

2.39

80 !

10 V

3!

2!

Figure
2.103
4!

+
"

5!

(a)
3!

4!

8!
60 !

(b)

20 !

30 !

For Prob. 2.38.

5!
a

10 !

20 !

60 !

10 !

40 !

b
20 !

30 !

(a)
10 !

(b)

a
80 !

For Prob. 2.39.

6!
2!

60 !

20 !

b
Req

10 !

(b)

(e)

1!

4!

Calculate the equivalent resistance Rab at term

For the ladder network in Fig. 2.100, find I and Req .

2!

40 !

40 ! a-b for each of the circuits in Fig. 2.103.

Figure 2.103 For Prob. 2.39.

(a)

For Prob. 2.35.

(a) 10 !

10 !

For
1 !Prob.
(c)2.38.

2R

5!
For Prob. 2.38.

5!

or Prob. 2.36.

b
For Prob. 2.36.

(d)

4!

4!

6!
5!

4!

10 !

For Prob. 2.37.

8!

20 !

Calculate the equivalent resistance Rab at terminals

a-b afor each of the circuits in Fig. 2.103.
80 !

(e)

30 !

12 !
5!

3!

10 !

(b)

2!

!
604 !

5!

3!

12 !

(a)

a
b
Calculate
the equivalent resistance Rab at term
8!
20 !
a-b for each of the circuits in Fig. 2.103.

5!

R the ladder network in Fig. 2.100, find I and Req .

For

2.39

8!

5!

4!
bReduce each of the circuits in Fig. 2.102 to a s

Figure 2.102

(e) 4 !

30 !

resistor at terminals a-b.

(b)

(a)

(c)

2.38

3R

RR4 a

2.36

Figure 2.101

20 !

2R

10 !

5!

3 ! (c)5 !

For Prob. 2.34.

(d)

(b)

a b
Figure 2.101 For Prob. 2.37.
Req
2!
4!
R each of
R the circuits inRFig. 2.102 to aasingle
Reduce

Find the equivalent resistance at terminals a-b for

30 !
R2 networks in Fig. 2.99.
R
each of the

R3
R

6!
(b)

(a)

30 !

(b)

30 !

(a) original circuit, (b) equivalent circuit.

For the circuit in Fig. 2.21(a), find voltages v1 and v2 .

2a. Find v1, v2 and i. (6pts)
i

2"

+ v1 !

+ v1 !
v2

3"

20 V

82

+
!

PART 1

(a)

Figure 2.21

48

v2

DC Circuits
(b)

!2 =

For Example 2.5.

3"

+_
!

20 V

2"

PART
1

3 12 1
0 1
4
0
2
1
Circuits
1
3DC12
0 1
4

+
+
+

= 0 + 0 24 0 0 + 48 = 24

Solution:
2b. Find i, i0, and v0. (9pts)
our circuit reduces to that shown in Fig. 2.42(b). Notice that v is
io law and Thus
To find v1 andi v2 ,4 we
Ohms
Kirchhoffs
voltage law.
o
! apply
a
notshown
affected
by
combination of the resistors because the resistors are
Assume that current i flows through the loop as
Fig.the
2.21(b).
12
3 in2
in
parallel
and
therefore
have the same voltage vo . From Fig. 2.42(b), we
+
0
4
From Ohms law,
7
+
v
+
can
obtain
v
in
two
ways.
way+is0 to
3 !!3 =
o
= One
0 + 144
apply
168 Ohms
0 0 =law
24to get
_
6!
0
2 3
12 V "
o
v1 = 2i, " v2 = 3i
(2.5.1)
+
3 2 12

12
+ i=
0
=2A
4
7

Applying KVL around the loop gives

4+2
b
+

= 2 2 = 4 V. Another way is to apply voltage

(a)20 + v1 v2 = 0 and hence, vo = 2i (2.5.2)
Thus,division,
we find since the 12 V in Fig. 2.42(b) is divided between the 4-! and
Substituting Eq. (2.5.1)
into Eq. (2.5.2), we obtain
i
2-! resistors.
Hence,
4!
!1
!2
48
24
a
v"
=i = 4=A
4.8 V,
v2 =
=
= 2.4 V
1 =
20 + 2i + 3i = 0
or
5i = 20
!
10
!
10
2
+
vo =
(12 V) = 4 V
Substituting i in +Eq. (2.5.1) finally
gives
2+4
v
!3
24
2!
o
12 V "
v3 =
=
= 2.4 V
in two ways. One approach is to apply
!be obtained
10
v1 = 8 V,"
v2 = 12 V Similarly, io can
Ohms
law
to
the
3-!
resistor
in
Fig.
2.42(a) now that we know vo ; thus,
as we obtained with Method 1.
b

4
A
3
2c. Write node voltage equations for the nodes labeled 1, 2 and 3. Do not solve. (9pts)
Another
approach
is to
apply current
division
to theof
circuit
in Fig. 2.42(a)
Figure 2.42 For Example
2.12: (a) originalFind the
2!
voltages
at the three
nonreference
nodes
in the circuit
Fig. 3.6.
circuit, (b) its equivalent circuit.
now
that
we
know
i,
by
writing
Answer: v = 80 V, v = 64 V, v = 156 V.
vo = 3io = 4

P R A C T I C E P (b)
ROBLEM 3.2

3!

x
54iA

6!

4!

10 A

io =

6
2
4
io =
i = (2 A) = A
6+3
3
3
The power dissipated in the 3-! resistor is
! "
4
p o = vo i o = 4
= 5.333 W
3

ix

"

P R 3.6A C For
T Practice
I C E Prob.
P R3.2.
OBLEM 2.12
Figure
i1

Find v1 and v2 in the circuit shown in Fig. 2.43. Also calculate i1 and i2
and the power dissipated in the 12-! and 40-! resistors.

12 !

3.3 NODAL ANALYSIS WITH VOLTAGE SOURCES

+ v1 "

Answer: v1 = 5 V, i1 = 416.7 mA, p1 = 2.083 W, v2 = 10 V,

6!

15 V +
"

We now
howpvoltage
sources affect nodal analysis. We use the
i2 =consider
250 mA,
2 = 2.5 W.
i2 circuit in Fig. 3.7 for illustration. Consider the following two possibilities.
10 !

+
v2
"

C A S E 1 If a voltage source is connected between the reference node

3
and a nonreference node, we simply set the voltage at the nonreference
node equal to the voltage of the voltage source. In Fig. 3.7, for example,

40 !

v1 = 10 V

(3.10)

E X A M P L E 4 . 1 3
Find the value of RL for maximum power transfer in the circuit of Fig.
4.50. Find the maximum power.

3a. What value of RL will result in maximum power transfer? (10pts)

6!

3!

+
+
"_

12 V

2!

12 !

RL

2A

Figure 4.50

For Example 4.13.

CHAPTER 3
Methods of Analysis
1
Solution:
We need to find the Thevenin resistance RTh and the Thevenin voltage
1 k" To get RTh , we use the circuit in Fig. 4.51(a)
VTh across the terminals a-b.
3.71
Calculate vs for the transistor in Fig. 3.107 given
that vo = 4 V, = 150, VBE = 0.7 V.
and obtain
i
400i
6 12 +
1 k"
=9!
RTh = 2 + 3 + 6 12 = 5 +
18 vo
5 k"
30 mV +
!
!

2 k"
6!

3!

Figure 3.103

10 k"
6!

2!

For Prob. 3.67.

12 !

3!

2!
+

RTh

vs

2A +
12 V
12 !
VTh
i2
i1
vo
500
"
3b.
The
circuit
below
may
be
represented
functionally
by
the
equation
v
=Kv
.
Find
K.
(10pts)
0
s
"
3.68
For the circuit in Fig. 3.104, find the gain vo /vs .
!

200 "

2 k" (a)

Figure
+
+
vs 4.51
_
!

3.69

(b)

Figure 3.107

For Example
4.13: (a) finding
RTh , (b) finding VvTh .
_ 60v
+
v1
o
500 "
400 "

Figure 3.104

+
"

3.72

5 k"
For Prob. 3.68.

2 k"

+
!

100 "

Figure 3.105
3.70

IB

6 k"

VCE

io

vo
1000

+
9V
!

!
3V

vs

For Prob. 3.71.

For the transistor circuit of Fig. 3.108, find IB , VC

and vo . Take = 200, VBE = 0.7 V.

Determine the gain vo /vs of the transistor amplifier

circuit in Fig. 3.105.
200 "

+
18 V
!

+
!

40io

+
vo
!

2 k"
400 "

10 k"

Figure 3.108

For Prob. 3.69.

For the simple transistor circuit of Fig. 3.106, let

= 75, VBE = 0.7 V. What value of vi is required
to give a collector-emitter voltage of 2 V?

3.73

+
vo
!

For Prob. 3.72.

Find IB and VC for the circuit in Fig. 3.109. Let

= 100, VBE = 0.7 V.
4

5 k"
10 k"
V

PTER 4

Sections 4.5 and 4.6

4.27

Thevenins and Nortons

Theorems

Determine RTh and VTh at terminals 1-2 of each of

the circuits in Fig. 4.92.
4a. Find Thevenin equivalent circuit at terminals 1 and 2.
10 !

1
20 V

+_
"

40 !
2

Circuit Theorems

60 !

Sections 4.5 and 4.6

Thevenins and Nortons

Theorems
1

+ 30 1-2
4.27 2 ADetermine RTh
30 and
! VTh at terminals
V of each of
"
the circuits in Fig. 4.92. 2
10 !
(b)
+

4.28

40 4.37.
!
For Probs. 4.27 and

20 V
Figure
4.92"

rcuit of

Find the Thevenin equivalent at terminals a-b of the

circuit in Fig. 4.93. (a)
4b. Find Thevenin equivalent circuit at terminals 1 and 2.
3A

urce

60 !

(10pts)

10 !

2A

30 ! 20 !
2

40 V

+
"

+_
"

30 V
a

40 !
(b)

Figure 4.92 For Probs. 4.27 and 4.37.

Figure 4.93 For Probs. 4.28 and 4.39.

4.28
Find the Thevenin equivalent at terminals a-b of the
in Fig.theorem
4.93. to find vo in Prob. 4.10.
4.29
Usecircuit
Thevenins

4.30

itsource
of

rcuit of

157

(a)

uit of

0V

(5pts)

Solve for the current i in the circuit of Fig. 4.94

A
using Thevenins theorem. 3(Hint:
Find the Thevenin
equivalent across the 12-! resistor.)
20 !

10 !

i
1040
!V
50 V

+
"

+
"

Figure 4.93
4.29

40 !
12 !

+
"

40 !

30 V

For Probs. 4.28 and 4.39.

For Prob.
4.30. to find vo in Prob. 4.10.
Figure
Use4.94
Thevenins
theorem

4.30
Solve for the current i in the circuit of Fig. 4.94
4.31
Forusing
Prob.Thevenins
4.8, obtaintheorem.
the Thevenin
at
(Hint:equivalent
Find the Thevenin
terminals
a-b.
equivalent across the 12-! resistor.)
i

BU-ID# :

_____________________________________________________

PROBLEM 1 (15pts)
a) For the circuit shown, find the equilvalent resistance Req.

I1

I2

b) If I1 =10A, find I2 .

c) A jumper wire is placed between two of the nodes as shown. What is Req now?

BU-ID# :

_____________________________________________________

PROBLEM 2 (15pts)

12 A

(a) For the circuit shown, find the current i0 and the voltage v0,

(b) How much power is delivered by the 12-A source?

(c) How much power is absorbed by the 8- resistor?

BU-ID# :

_____________________________________________________

PROBLEM 3 (20pts)
Determine v0 in the circuit below using the superposition principle. You must use superposition
to receive credit. Show steps clearly.

BU-ID# :

_____________________________________________________

PROBLEM 4 (15pts)
Find the Thevenin equivalent circuit at terminals a-b for the circuit below.

Name & BU-ID# :

_____________________________________________________

PROBLEM 2
Find VOC in the circuit below using superposition. What resistance Rmax connected
between the right-hand terminals will dissipate the maximum power? What is the value
Pmax of that maximum power?
NOTES:
If you dont use superposition, you will receive no credit
All resistors in the circuit have the same resistance R
All the answers should be expressed in terms of IS, VS, and R

Please place your answers here:

VOC =

Rmax =

Pmax =

Name & BU-ID# :

_____________________________________________________

PROBLEM 3
Find the equivalent resistance RAB in each one of the circuits below.
3(a)

3(b)

Name & BU-ID# :

_____________________________________________________

PROBLEM 4
4(a) Use nodal analysis to derive a set of two coupled equations for the two node voltages
V1 and V2 in the circuit below. Solve these equations to find V1 and V2.