MADE BY:

KARTIK SINGH &

ABHISHEK KUMAR

MENTOR:
MRS. BHAVANA

BATCH:
F.P. (Tech) 2011-2015

DATE:
1

CERTIFICATE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, we would like to thank to our supervisor of this
project, MRS. BHAVANA for the valuable guidance and advice. She
inspired us greatly to work in this project. Her willingness to motivate us
contributed tremendously to our project. We also would like to thank her for
showing us some example that related to the topic of our project.

CONTENTS
Serial No.

Topic

1.

Significance And Objective

Introduction

Surface Embellishments

Kids Wear

Styling In Kids Wear

Fashion Innovations In Kids wear

Brand Comparison

Embellishments To Kids Clothes

Embellishments Techniques

10

Materials Used

11

Methodology For Conducting Study

12

Mall Visit

13

Industry Visit 1

14

Industry Visit 2

15

Industry Visit 3

16

Finding Of The Study

17

Conclusion

18

Page No.

SIGNIFICANCE AND
OBJECTIVE
Objective
The objective of this project is to study various embellishment work done on
kids wear, to study the current methods and upcoming future technologies in
this field and to understand how various brands use different techniques of
the surface embellishments.

Significance

INTRODUCTION
Growing Market for Kids Wear These days, a vast range of clothes are
available for small children everywhere around the globe. The parents of
many kids like to provide their child with several clothes for various
purposes. Even children have their own choice and they prefer wearing
different types of clothes. This has created a great demand for children
clothes especially made for these little ones, thereby resulting in the growing
market for kids wear.
The modernization in the methods of manufacturing clothes has also
helped to produce a broad variety of clothing for both adults and kids. We
can now select various clothes as per our liking and budget. New kinds of
fabrics are also manufactured and kids clothes for all occasions and events
are readily available for boys as well girls.
Thus various kinds of designs, styles and embellishments are being
used for different age groups of children or even within the same age
group.
So Before starting about anything, let us know what a surface embellishment
actually is.

Surface
Embellishment
Surface Embellishment is decorative detail or feature added to something to make
it more attractive or an embellishment is anything that adds design interest to the
piece.
Since surface embellishments is a very huge topic
for study as the each and every category of wear has
different kind of surface embellishments done on them
hence we would deal with surface embellishments done
on kids wear

So according the definition given in the first paragraph we

can say that surface embellishments on kids wear is the
decoration done on the clothes of kids, with variety of
techniques like printing, embroidery or any other technique
which we would discuss in detail as we move on with the
document and the topic

Common examples of embellishment in sewing and crafts

Appliqu:

appliqu

refers

to

needlework technique in which pieces of

fabric, embroidery, or other materials are
sewn onto another piece of fabric to create
designs, patterns or pictures

Embroidery, done either by machine or by hand

Embroidery is the art or handicraft of decorating fabric or
other materials with needle and thread or yarn.

Piping made from either self-fabric, contrast fabric, or a simply a cord. Piping is a
type of trim or embellishment consisting of a strip of folded fabric inserted into
a seam to define the edges or style lines of a garment or other textile object.

Trim or trimming: in clothing and home decorating is applied ornament, such

as gimp, passementerie, ribbon, ruffles, or, as a verb, to apply such ornament.

Lace, beads either pre-made or home-made

Batik: is a cloth that traditionally uses a manual wax-resist dyeing technique

Items that normally serve a function may also be used as embellishment. For
example

buttons can be placed anywhere on the piece

zippers can be unzipped and be used as piping, or simply stitched on

buckles can be placed anywhere on the piece

grommets can be placed anywhere even when there is no cord is looped

through them

sequins can be placed anywhere

T-shirt with buttons

T-shirts with buckle

10

T-shirt with zipper

T-shirt with sequin

Kids wear
As already mentioned childrens wear business is very complicated because each
size range is a separate market. Thus every type and every age requires different
kind of embellishments. So let us discuss various types of children wear available
in market
Boys traditional clothing groups blazers, other dress jackets, suits, dress pants
and dress shorts.
Sportswear: comprises of T shirts, jeans, pants, shorts,
overalls, jumpsuits etc available in knits and woven,
particularly denim and fleece. Boys wear has become
very casual and tops outsell bottom

.
Swim wear: groups swimwear and beach cover-ups.

Outer wear: includes dress coats, all-weather coats, raincoats, skijackets, windbreakers, and snow suits.

Sleep wear: includes layette gowns and sacques, blankets sleepers, pajamas,
nightgowns, nightshirts, and robes. A major issue in this category is the consumer
product safety requirement that sleepwear be made out of polyester so that it can
have a flame retardant finish. However, many consumers want pure cotton and are
buying palyclothes to use as sleepwear.

11

Girls dresses: are available in all style and price ranges.

Holidays and spring are the biggest season for special occasion
dresses. Some girls dresses, jumpers, jackets and skirts are
considered tailored clothing.

Various sizes available in kids wear

Childrens wear sizing is separated by age group.
Newborn: sizes are layette (0 to 11 pounds), 3, 6, 9 months.
Infant: sizes are based on ages in months, usually 12, 18 and 24 months. In
Europe, sizes are based on length of the baby or the height of the child.
Toddler: apparel, for the child who has learned to walk is sized 2T, 3T, and 4T.
At this point, sizes separate for boys and girls.
Girls apparel is sized to 4 to 6X, 7to 16 (some companies manufacture sizes 2-10,
or extra small to extra-large) and preteen 6-14. Young teens wear young juniors 313.
Boys: sizes are 4 to 7 and 8 to 20.

12

Styling in kids
wear
The styling in childrens wears changes considerably by size range. The only
styling changes are traditional verses trendy.
Infants, Toddlers and young children: In the case of young children, the
consumer is a parent, grandparent or other adult. Parents want their children
clothes to reflect their own taste. Many parents are tending to dress their children
more as little adults than as babies.
Ease of dressing, wash ability, durability and versatility are important design
consideration in clothing of young children. For infants and toddlers who have to
be dressed, crotch snaps and generous necklines are important. For the toddler,
ease of dressing) such as elastic waist lines) is also important because children
want to dress themselves.
Older children: older children have more definite opinion oh what they want to
wear, partly because f advertising, television exposure and peer group pressure.
This development has had an effect on styling in that many childrens wear
manufacturers follow junior trends for girls and young mens trend for boys.
Since styling for older girls is often filtered down from the junior market, junior
resources are finding success in the 7 to 14 size range and even 4 to 6X. In the
same way, styling for older boys is influenced by young mens wear companies
such as Tommy Hilfiger and Ralph Laurens Polo are making boys wear. In this

13

range, too, apparel printed with sports team, celebrity, and brand names such as
Nike or Champion has been extremely popular.

Various brands of kids wear:

Ruff Kids

Planet Kids

Gini & Jony

ZAPP

Lil Tomatoe

Weekender KidsInternational

Barbie

Mothercare

Benetton Kids

Pepe

Lee Kids

Tommy Hilfiger

Adams Kids

Lilliput

Out of these Gini &Jony, Lilliput are most common brand used while Barbie is
very famous for girls wear.

14

Fashion
Innovations in kids
wear
The practice of dressing girls with a frock and boys with shorts are way beyond.
New pattern of garments in par with the latest fad is being sought by parents.
Fashion industry is boosting up the well dressed child trend with their new
collections on the runways frequently. Kids apparel manufacturers make optimum
utilization of latest trends in the fashion world to entice the kids and increase their
sales. With wishes and demands getting added in the list of kids, manufacturers
and retailers are making the most of it. Factions of domestic and international
players are seen in the arena, with each of them wanting a slice in the pie.
Use of cartoon characters in kids garments: Apparel
manufacturers are cashing on the popularity of cartoon
characters. Character inspired merchandising is
emerging as one of the hottest market trends. Mickey
Mouse, Powerpuff girls, Spiderman, Superman etc.
have all found their way into the kidswear market and
are currently selling like hot cakes in the market. The
type of cartoon character used in the apparel depends
mainly on the popularity of the toon, their age group,
and sex of the children.
Coordinated Accessories: This seasons style statement includes dressing up
with accessories, where everything from dress, bag, and hair clip is color,
and design coordinated. In the current trend, leather bags, caps, key chains,
and hair bands are considered as required with an ensemble. Especially in
case of branded apparels, garments coordinated with proper accessories.

15

Brand comparison
Now we will compare some of the known kids wear brands on what kinds of
embellishments they use:
Brand name

Printing

Applique

Embroidery Tie &

Others

Dye

Lilliput

50%

13%

20%

12%

5%

Gini & Jony

47%

23%

21%

6%

3%

Ruff

35%

11%

29%

15%

10%

Barbie

65%

15%

15%

4%

1%

Mothercare

43%

21%

15%

10%

11%

Planet Kids

58%

12%

21%

7%

2%

Lee Kids

60%

12%

13%

9%

6%

After looking at the surface embellishments of various brands, we can say that
printing is the most common technique used my most of the brands, especially for
boys wear, while for girls wear, applique and embroidery is used.
The other methods are not so common, though, they too, have their own
significance. They are mainly used with printing to create special effects.

16

Embellishments
to Kids Clothes
Rhinestones
Embellishments can include anything from glitter and rhinestones to appliqus
and patches, depending on the child's taste and preferences. Rhinestones are a good
option for girls' clothing and are usually inexpensive. Some rhinestones can be
sewn onto clothing, and some can be glued. There are even tools and machines
designed especially to add rhinestones to clothing and accessories, such as the
Bedazzler. Rhinestones can be placed anywhere on an item of clothing, but
typically look best if placed near the collar and neckline as opposed to in the
middle of the shirt. Multiple rhinestones can be used to form designs, such as
hearts or snowflakes. Some rhinestones can be bought already in a shape and ready
to apply. Rhinestones can even be applied to an old pair of jeans and look great on
the back pockets.

Appliqu Designs
Another great method of embellishing children's clothing is to add an iron on
appliqu design. Pre-made appliqu designs can be found in any craft store, or
custom made designs can be created on the computer and printed onto appliqu
printer paper. Appliqu design options are practically endless, and can be placed
one almost any fabric. An added benefit to embellishing with appliqu designs is
the appeal to both sexes. If your daughter loves fairies, an iron-on fairy can be
appliqud to an old white T-shirt that would be boring otherwise. If your son has
an obsession with trains, a train appliqu can be designed and attached to a hand-

17

me-down sweater. Letters and words can also be applied to an item of clothing. If
your family is proudly from Chicago, a shirt can be made that says "I Love
Chicago." Appliqu designs may even be combined with other methods of
embellishing clothing for an added flair.

Patches
Adding patches to ripped or old clothing is a great, practical form of
embellishment. Hand-me-downs are popular among families with multiple
children, but with hand-me-downs often come various rips and tears. Or perhaps
your child is a little reckless and comes home with a hole in his favorite pair of
jeans. Patches are an easy fix and can even improve the look. Patches are easy to
make and are completely customizable. A child can accompany an adult to any
fabric store and choose a fabric she likes. That fabric can then be cut into a fun
shape, or just a square, and simply needs to be sewn over the hole or rip. Patches
may even be added to clothes without rips for a fun look. There are so many types
of fabric out there, most kids are certain to find something that meets their personal
preference.

Other Embellishments
There are other embellishments which can be added to childs wardrobe. A
browse through a local craft store will reveal countless possibilities. Tie dye can be
added to the kids clothes and beautiful effects could be added using this
technique. Glitter is another embellishment that can be added. Many craft stores
offer kits containing glitter puff paint (in addition to regular puff paint), and this is
another activity for kids to enjoy. Puff paint can be applied to any item of clothing,
and as the paint dries, it puffs up.

18

Embellishment
techniques
Now we will be discussing the most common techniques used in this area.
These techniques are most widely used and most accepted by the public or
children. So now we will have a brief description of the embellishments techniques
some of which we have already mentioned at the starting of our document.

Appliqu:
In its broadest sense, an appliqu is a smaller
ornament or device applied to another surface.
Appliqu was first discovered when clothes ripped and
needed fixing so they used to sew over the top of the rip
patches of different material otherwise known as patch work.
Thus we can say appliqu refers to a needlework technique in
which pieces of fabric, embroidery, or other materials are
sewn onto another piece of fabric to create designs, patterns or pictures.
Types of appliqu
Applied pieces usually have their edges folded under, and are then attached by any
of the following:
Straight stitch, typically 2-3mm in from the edge.
Satin stitch, all around, overlaps the edge. The patch may be glued or straight
stitched on first to ensure positional stability and a neat edge.

19

Reverse appliqu: several layers of material are stitched together, parts of the
upper layers are cut away, and the edges are stitched down. The largest cuts are
made in the topmost layer.
Appliqu is largely used for school badges.

Embroidery:
Embroidery is the art or handicraft of decorating fabric or other materials
with needle and thread or yarn. Embroidery may also incorporate other materials
such as metal strips, pearls, beads, quills, and sequins. Embroidery is most often
recommended for caps, hats, coats, blankets, dress shirts, denim, stockings, and
golf shirts. Embroidery is available with a wide variety of thread or yarn color.
A characteristic of embroidery is that the basic techniques or stitches of the
earliest workchain stitch, buttonhole or blanket stitch, running stitch, satin stitch,
cross stitchremain the fundamental techniques of hand embroidery today.
Classification
Embroidery can be classified according to
whether the design is stitched on top of or
through the foundation fabric, and by the
relationship of stitch placement to the fabric.
In free embroidery, designs are applied without
regard to the weave of the underlying fabric. Examples include crewel and
traditional Chinese and Japanese embroidery.
Counted-thread embroidery patterns are created by making stitches over a
predetermined number of threads in the foundation fabric. Counted-thread
embroidery is more easily worked on an even-weave foundation fabric such as
embroidery canvas, Aida cloth, or specially woven cotton and linen fabrics
although non-even weave linen is used as well. Examples include needlepoint and
some forms of black work embroidery.
In canvas work threads are stitched through a fabric mesh to create a dense pattern
that completely covers the foundation fabric. Traditional canvas work such as

20

bargello is a counted-thread technique since the 19th century, printed and hand
painted canvases where the painted or printed image serves as color-guide have
eliminated the need for counting threads. These are particularly suited to pictorial
rather than geometric designs deriving from the Berlin wool work craze of the
early 19th century.
In drawn thread work and cutwork, the foundation fabric is deformed or cut away
to create holes that are then embellished with embroidery, often with thread in the
same color as the foundation fabric. These techniques are the progenitors of needle
lace. When created in white thread on white linen or cotton, this work is
collectively referred to as white work.

Printing (digital):
Direct to garment printing, also known as DTG printing, digital garment printing,
digital apparel printing, and inkjet to garment printing, is a process of printing on
textiles and garments using specialized or modified inkjet technology. The two key
requirements of a DTG printer are a transport mechanism
for the garment and specialty inks (inkjet textile inks) that
are applied to the textile directly and are absorbed by the
fibers.
Some direct to garment printers are manufactured from preexisting inkjet printers, namely Epson and Brother, but other
companies, such as Ana Jet, Kornit, Mimaki, and Durst have
printers specially designed for fabric printing.
Some DTG printers have been built using lower-resolution
industrial inkjet print heads like those found in large-format
printers used to print signs and banners. Some inkjet
technology manufacturers offer products designed for direct textile printing,
providing heads, printers and inks. The resolution and speed of direct-to-garment
inkjet printers have been increased greatly over the last 10 years.

21

Sublimation inkjet printing is a technology used in digital textile printing, which is

a parallel technology to direct to garment. As most fabrics are polyester or
polyester-mixed, sublimation inkjet printing is widely used in digital textile
printing. Since traditional screen printing costs more in terms of labor, digital
textile printing, especially sublimation inkjet printing

Printing (screen):
Screen printing is a printing technique that uses a woven mesh to support an inkblocking stencil. The attached stencil forms open areas of mesh that transfer ink or
other printable materials which can be pressed through the mesh as a sharp-edged
image onto a substrate. A roller or squeegee is moved across the screen stencil,
forcing or pumping ink past the threads of the woven mesh in the open areas.
Screen printing is also a stencil method of print making in which a design is
imposed on a screen of silk or other fine mesh, with blank areas coated with an
impermeable substance, and ink is forced through the mesh onto the printing
surface. It is also known as silkscreen, serigraphy, and serigraph printing.
PRINTING TECHNIQUE OF SCREEN PRINTING:
A screen is made of a piece of porous, finely woven fabric called mesh stretched
over a frame of aluminum or wood. Originally human hair was used, then silk was
woven to make a screen mesh; currently most mesh is woven of man-made
materials such as steel, nylon, and polyester. Areas of the screen are blocked off
with a non-permeable material to form a stencil, which is a negative of the image
to be printed; that is, the open spaces are where the ink will appear.

22

A. Ink.
B. Squeegee.
C. Image.
D. Photo-emulsion.
E. Screen.
F. Printed image.
Before ink is applied to the screen, the screen and frame must go through a process
referred to as 'pre-press'. In this process, an emulsion is 'scooped' across the mesh
and the 'exposure unit' burns away the unnecessary emulsion leaving behind a
clean area in the mesh with
the identical shape as the desired image. The
surface (commonly referred to as a pallet) that the substrate will be printed against
is coated with a wide 'pallet tape'. This serves to protect the 'pallet' from any
unwanted ink leaking through the substrate and potentially staining the 'pallet' or
transferring unwanted ink onto the next substrate. Next, the screen and frame are
lined with a tape. The type of tape used in for this purpose often depends upon the
ink that is to be printed onto the substrate. These aggressive tapes are generally
used for UV and water-based inks due to the inks' lower viscosities. The last
process in the 'pre-press' is blocking out any unwanted 'pin-holes' in the emulsion.
If these holes are left in the emulsion, the ink will continue through and leave
unwanted marks. To block out these holes, materials such as tapes, specialty
emulsions and 'block-out pens' may be used effectively.
The screen is placed atop a substrate such as paper or fabric. Ink is placed on top of
the screen, and a fill bar (also known as a flood bar) is used to fill the mesh
openings with ink. The operator begins with the fill bar at the rear of the screen and
behind a reservoir of ink. The operator lifts the screen to prevent contact with the
substrate and then using a slight amount of downward force pulls the fill bar to the
front of the screen. This effectively fills the mesh openings with ink and moves the
ink reservoir to the front of the screen. The operator then uses a squeegee (rubber
blade) to move the mesh down to the substrate and pushes the squeegee to the rear
of the screen. The ink that is in the mesh opening is pumped or squeezed by
capillary action to the substrate in a controlled and prescribed amount, i.e. the wet
ink deposit is proportional to the thickness of the mesh and or stencil. As the
squeegee moves toward the rear of the screen the tension of the mesh pulls the
mesh up away from the substrate (called snap-off) leaving the ink upon the
substrate surface.

23

There are three common types of screen printing presses. The flat-bed , cylinder
and the most widely used type, the 'rotary'.
Textile items printed with multi-color designs often use a wet on wet technique, or
colors dried while on the press, while graphic items are allowed to dry between
colors that are then printed with another screen and often in a different color after
the product is re-aligned on the press.
The screen can be re-used after cleaning. However if the design is no longer
needed, then the screen can be "reclaimed"; that is, cleared of all emulsion and
used again. The reclaiming process involves removing the ink from the screen then
spraying on a stencil remover. Stencil removers come in the form of liquids, gels,
or powders. The powdered types have to be mixed with water before use, and so
can be considered to belong to the liquid category. After applying the stencil
remover, the emulsion must be washed out using a pressure washer.
Most screens are ready for recoating at this stage, but sometimes screens will have
to undergo a further step in the reclaiming process called De-hazing. This
additional step removes haze or "ghost images" left behind in the screen once the
emulsion has been removed. Ghost images tend to faintly outline the open areas of
previous stencils, hence the name. They are the result of ink residue trapped in the
mesh, often in the knuckles of the mesh (the points where threads cross).
While the public thinks of garments in conjunction with screen printing, the
technique is used on tens of thousands of items, including decals, clock and watch
faces, balloons, and many other products. The technique has even been adapted for
more advanced uses, such as laying down conductors and resistors in multi-layer
circuits using thin ceramic layers as the substrate.

TIE AND DYE

Tie-dyeing is accomplished by folding the material into a pattern, and binding it
with string or rubber bands. Dye is then applied to only parts of the material. The
ties prevent the entire material from being dyed. Designs are formed by applying
different colors of dyes to different sections of the wet fabric. A wet t-shirt is much
easier to dye than a dry t-shirt. Once complete, the material is rinsed, and the dye is
set.

24

Dyes:
Although many different kinds of dyes may be used, most tie-dyers now dye with
Procion MX fiber reactive dyes.[3] This class of dyes works at warm room
temperatures. The molecules permanently bind with cellulose based fibers (cotton,
rayon, hemp, linen), as well as silk, when the pH is raised. Soda ash (sodium
carbonate) is generally used to raise the pH and is either added directly to the dye,
or in a solution of water in which garments are soaked before dyeing. They do not
fade with washing, but sunlight will cause the colors to fade over time. Place in the
freezer over time.

25

Mall Visit
The first visit which we undertook for this project was to various kids wear
brands showrooms and small kids wear shops. It was not a visit to industries but it
was a visit to understand what are surface embellishments and various kinds of
embellishments done on kids wear in the Indian market.
We visited various exclusive showrooms of brands like Lilliput, Gini and Jony,
Ruff kids etc and studied the various embellishments they implement on kids wear.

Few of the various malls and stores we visited

26

Industry visit 1
Mamta Arts, Ghatkopar
29/03/2012
The first industry visit for project was undertaken on 29 March, to Mamta Arts
which is an embroidery unit. It had different sections such as lazar cutting,
embroidery machines, sequin attachment, appliqu. It was exclusively for kids
wear.
The designs were first developed using the WINGS XP software. Then, it
was fed into the embroidery machine mainframe. The required threads of the
colors needed were fed to the machine. The fabric panels were then laid on the
machine and the needles produced the fed design on the fabric panels.

1st section of the embroidery machine

27

The design being produced on the denim fabric

The design attached to the fabric

28

The machine with the design to be produced

2nd section of the embroidery machine

29

Logos being produced on the 3rd section of the embroidery machine

The lazar cutter was used to cut out symmetrical pattern from the fabric. The cut
patterns were used for the appliqu design.

The lazar cutting machine

30

Circles being cut out using the lazar.

There was a sequin machine attaching sequins to a large piece of cloth which was
later meant for cutting out patterns to be appliqud on the surface of the garment.

Sequin being attached to the fabric

31

Some of the people were working on single needle lock stitch machine producing
flowers made of satin fabric to attach on the garment.

32

Industry visit 2
Mummy Arts, Ghatkopar
7/04/2012
The second visit for this project was taken to mummy art which was a
small screen printing unit. Screen were ordered from outside and just the
printing work was under taken here.
Various ranges of printing work was under taken here from sports
jerseys to toddles kids wear were being printed during our visit. Bed sheet
printing was also being done in the unit.
Paints were first readied according to the color combination needed
then applied on the screen with had specific design as to be printed on the
fabric. The fabric was kept below the screen and the required print was
obtained on the garment.

Prepared paints used in screen printing for bed sheets

33

Sports jerseys for kids being prepared using screen printing technique

Paints used for kidswear screen printing

34

Different screens for kidswear printing

Prints on toddlers t-shirts (left) and socks (right)

35

Industry visit 3
B. E. S. GARMENTS, Tilak Nagar:
14/04/2012
This was a small scale kids wear production unit where kids t shirts and
shorts were produced for age groups 6 to 14 years. During the time of the
visit t-shirt production for Spykar brand
The unit received fabric bundles from the company and then the fabric
was cut according to the patterns, fusing were attached to the collars, and side
seams, buttons were attached button holes were made and the all the panels
were stitched together and exported to the brand

Paper pattern being cut

36

Being attached by pressing

Spyker logo

Fabric being cut

37

wash care label being attached

mobilar being attached in the shoulder

Finding of the
study
From the various industries we visited, we came to a conclusion that kids wear
market in India is still an unorganized sector. We also got to see the different
techniques and processes in the industries. This will help us to study the better
upcoming technologies in the industries.
This study also helped us to understand the effect of dyes and certain other
chemicals being used which has a harmful effect on nature and which needs to be
improved.

COLORS USED FOR VARIOUS AGE GROUPS:

NEW BORN: The main colors used for this age group are very light with white
color being the most common. Other colors are light yellow, cream and other such
shades. The light colors are used keeping the hygiene factor in mind. The
embellishments commonly used for this category are very light, small prints and
little bit of embroidery. The fabrics generally used are non-synthetic so that they
do not affect the soft skin of the babies.
INFANTS AND TODDLERS: The variety of clothes in this category increases,
such as baby caps, socks, etc. The colors used for the base fabric are brighter than
the new born collection with cartoon characters prints and embroidery being the
most common. The fabrics used are again non synthetic, but some amount of
synthetic fabric and fibres are used for embellishments.
PRE-TEENS: The colors used are very bright and attractive such as red, yellow,
orange, etc. Synthetic materials are widely used in this category for various
decorative and attractive appearances.

38

Technological improvements in
embellishments
Research and Development, Future Technologies:
There are various developments with are taking place in the field of surface
embellishments and these are being implemented in all categories of garment from
kids wear to womens wear.
The improvements in embellishments is a must since people get bored of the
garment looks very fast hence constant innovation in this field is a must.
Improvements have in done in all fields of embellishments from embroidery to
printing, from sequins to florescent clothes.

PRINTING:
3D printing

EMBROIDERY:
Electronic embedded embroidery

APPLIQUE:
Fluorescent lighted garment

39

Environmental concerns
Given the large size of the printing industry, and the extraordinary volume of
chemicals it consumes, it is not surprising that it also generates a significant
amount of pollution. These are largely generated in printing. Speculation
concerning the amounts and types of air pollutants emitted from textile
operations has been widespread but, generally, air emission data for textile
manufacturing operations are not readily available. Air pollution is the most
difficult type of pollution to sample, test, and quantify in an audit.
These VOC emissions are high because of the great quantity of solvents used
in the industry. The volatility that helps minimize ink drying times also
presents a health and safety risk. The solvents used in the printing pastes are
typically respiratory, skin and eye irritants. But there are also more dire
consequences for example, a study done on Indian printing working has
found abnormal changes in their chromosomes. With such a high percentage
of the paste being volatile, solvent vapors will be released during printing and
will be present throughout the printing production area. Also, the fabric will
continue to off-gas solvents after the material has been printed, especially if it
has been rolled up.
Move over dyes used in dyeing, azo dyes used for batik are very harmful and
cannot be released into the environment without treatment but this does not
happens. Since most of the industries are small scaled they leave the waste
directly into environment

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Some initiatives for saving the

environment
Seeing the various environmental hazards caused by various dyeing and printing
units government has issued various rules to prevent the pollution of air and water
bodies by these materials.
Thus now no industry can release the chemicals without prior treatment of the
chemical used in the dyes.
Some Companies seeing the various harmful effects happening in the
environment have become conscious and have started projects to save the
environment. Moreover they themselves have started using natural dyes and colors
to save the environment
Some of kids wear companies that have taken initiative in this are:
Fab India
Gini and Jony
Lilliput
Fab India was one of the first companies in India who started the use of natural
colors in its products and garments. The colors are made using extracts from
different natural products.

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Conclusion
The kids wear market is very large in India and has got large potential to
grow but the major problem that the major of the kids wear market is
unorganized sector for embellishments to production 86% of kids wear is
unorganized in India
At the various visits we went no one as there to guide us through the
procedure. Now we discuss the various technological factors, environmental
factors faced by this industry.

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References
Books;
Fashion from concept to consumer by Gini Stephens fringes

Websites:
www. wikipedia.org

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