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Business System Analysis Series

On Business Requirements and Technical Specifications:

A Requirements Taxonomy

Copyright20052008
RequirementsSolutionsGroup,LLC
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Tampa,FL.33624
(813)3195851
training@requirementssolutions.com

Copyright20052008bytheRequirementsSolutionsGroup

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OnBusinessRequirementsandTechnicalSpecifications:

A Requirements Taxonomy

Copyright 2005-2008 by the Requirements Solutions Group

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OnBusinessRequirementsandTechnicalSpecifications:

A Requirements Taxonomy

TableofContents
TheNeedforRequirements................................................................................................................................................4
BusinessRequirementsandSystem(ortechnical)Specifications......................................................................4
FundamentalCategoriesofRequirements....................................................................................................................4
FUNCTIONALRequirements...............................................................................................................................................5
INFORMATIONALRequirements......................................................................................................................................6
BEHAVIORALRequirements...............................................................................................................................................8
SpecifyingQuantitativeBehaviors....................................................................................................................8
SpecifyingQualitativeBehaviors.......................................................................................................................9
ENVIRONMENTALRequirements...................................................................................................................................11
HyperlinkedTableofRequirementCategories.........................................................................................................13

Copyright 2005-2008 by the Requirements Solutions Group

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OnBusinessRequirementsandTechnicalSpecifications:

A Requirements Taxonomy

The Need for Requirements


Businesssystemsinvolveacomplexsetofinteractionbetweenvarioushumanandmechanicalcomponents.Each
componenthasmanydifferentdimensionsorattributes.Thesuccessfulfunctioningofthebusinesssystemdepends
uponallofthesecomponentsinteractinginapredictableanddesirablemanner.Changestothebusinesssystem
requireanappropriatelevelofdetailedunderstandingofeachattributeatthepointintimewhenbusinessand
technicaldevelopersmakedecisionsregardingthatparticulardimension.
Varioustypesorcategoriesofrequirementsmaybeneededtodefinetheacceptablefuturestate(s)ofeachattribute.
Ifyouaredefininganyspecifictypeofrequirement,testscenariosneedtobedesignedtoprovethatthedefined
attributeofthespecifiedcomponentcanonlybeinanacceptablestateatanytime.
Itisimportanttonoteherethatwhereasweareintroducingasignificantnumberofdifferentrequirementcategories
inthispaper,nosingleprojectiseverylikelytorequireeverytypeofrequirementthatwewillbedescribing.Each
projectisuniqueanditisimportantforthebusinessanalysttodeterminewhichparticulartypesofrequirementsare
neededfortheirspecificprojectbasedontheparametersoftheprojectaswellasorganizationalconsiderations.

Business Requirements and System (or technical) Specifications


Requirementsarecommonlydividedintobusinessrequirementsandsystem(ortechnical)specificationsbasedon
whohastheauthorityandknowledgetomakedecisionsinthatdimension.Ourdefinitionofabusinessrequirement
isAsimple,completesentencethatdefinesafeature,function,fact,orbehaviorthatafuturesystemwill(orwill
NOT)enable,execute,enforce,orexhibit.Atechnicalspecification(sometimescalled,systemrequirement)
expressesattheappropriatelevelofdetailhowanautomatedcomponentofthesystemwillbehaveorwhatitwill
produceinorderforthesystemtodeliverwhatthebusinesssystemneeds.Toachievetheappropriatelevelofdetail
andtoenableasemblanceofcompletecoverageofeacharea,wefurtherdividebothbusinessandsystem
requirementsintocategories.
Whereasthesedefinitionsmightappeartobequiteclear(totheauthors),extensiveexperienceindefiningbusiness
requirementsandsystemspecificationsindicatesthatthecleareraconceptistotheauthor,thelesslikelyitistobe
understoodasintendedbythetargetaudience.Numerousstudiesinthefieldofinformationtechnologyprojects
underscorethisexperience.Asaresult,wefeelitimperativetopromoteacommonunderstandingofdifferences
betweenbusinessrequirementsandsystemspecifications.Inthatvein,thisdocumentpresentsourperspectiveon
thevariouscategoriesofbusinessandsystemrequirements.Foreachspecificcategory,wewillofferdefinitions,
examples,andclarificationsinanattempttoexpresstheirmeaning.

Categories of Requirements
Manyorganizationsseparaterequirementsintotwocategories,Functionalrequirements(thingsthesystemhasto
doandthedataneededtodoit)andNonfunctional(anythingelse).Wehaveissueswiththisterminology.Firstoff,
althoughthereisastronglinkbetweenthefunctionsofthesystemandthedatathatthesefunctionsconsumeor
create,splittingthetwoseparatesthestructureofthedata(whichisrelativelystable)fromthedaytodayfunctions
(whicharerelativelyvolatile).Secondly,thetermNonFunctionalcouldbeinterpretedtomeandoesnotwork
whereaswhatthiscategoryofrequirementsdefineishowthesystemhastobehaveorwhatlimitsareimposedbythe
environmentonthesolution.Inaddition,therearetoomanyfundamentallydiversetypesofrequirementsintothe
NonFunctionalcategory.
Inourapproach,westartoffbydefiningfourfundamentalcategories(perspectives)ofthesolutionthat
requirementshavetoaddress:Functional,Informational,Behavioral,andEnvironmental.Eachofthesefour
perspectivesneedstobedefinableinbothbusinessrequirementsandsystemspecifications.Notethatwearenot
suggestingthateveryITprojectwillofnecessityneedrequirementsfromeveryperspective.Weare,however,
recommendingthatthebusinessandsystemsanalystsneedtoatleastconsidereachperspectivebeforedeclaringthe
processofgatheringrequirementscomplete,(besidesweknowthattheyarenevercomplete)..
Copyright 2005-2008 by the Requirements Solutions Group

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OnBusinessRequirementsandTechnicalSpecifications:

A Requirements Taxonomy

FUNCTIONAL Requirements
Functionalrequirementsdefinewhatthesolutionhastodo.Fromthebusinessperspective,afunctionalrequirement
identifiesbusinessprocessesorproceduresthatmaybeindependentoftechnology(i.e.,processorder,package
shipment).Inthetechnologydomain,functionalspecificationsdefinespecificprograms,modulesorroutinesthat
accomplishaspecificoutputbasedsolelyoninputprovidedandtheprogrammedlogic.Functionalrequirementsare
relativelyconcreteandeasytoobjectivelydefine.However,whentheautomatedmodulesarenamedthesameasthe
businessproceduretheysupport,theyoftencausemiscommunication.
FunctionalBusinessRequirements

FunctionalTechnicalSpecifications

Category

Definitions/Clarifications/
Examples

Category

Definitions/Clarifications/
Examples

01Processes/
Procedures
(Manual)1

Aseriesofactions,changes,or
functionsthatwhencompleted
createadesiredresult:

51Modules/
Programs
(Automated)

Thesetechnicalspecifications
describewhateachmoduleor
programwilldo.

Theseriesofactionsdonetocreatea
marketingcampaign.Asetof
establishedformsormethodsfor
conductingtheaffairsofabusiness.

Intheobjectworld,thiscategory
specifiesassemblies,classes,
applications,etc.
HST01willcalculateHSTforasingle
tollcallandroundittothenearest
cent.

Thesystemhastoaccurately
calculatetheHarmonizedSales
Tax(HST)foralltransactions
originatingintheMaritime
provinces.

1Pleasenotethatthenumbersusedinthesetablesaretoidentifytherequirementscategoryonly.Theyarenotmeant

toconveymeaningbeyondthat.
Copyright 2005-2008 by the Requirements Solutions Group

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OnBusinessRequirementsandTechnicalSpecifications:

A Requirements Taxonomy

INFORMATIONAL Requirements
Informationalrequirementsrepresentknowledgeordatathathastobeprocessed,created,tracked,and/or
presentedinsomeusablemanner.Fromthebusinessside,informationalrequirementsspecifydatathatthebusiness
userneedstoknowtoperformabusinessfunctionanddatathatisproducedasaresultoftheiractions.Atthe
technologylevel,informationalspecificationsdefineinputdata,outputdata,storeddata,andthemetadataforeach.
Whereasmuchofthisdataisdirectlyrelatedtothebusinessrequirements,somedataistechnologydependentand
shouldbetransparenttothebusinessuser.

InformationalBusinessRequirements

InformationalTechnicalSpecifications

Category

Definitions/Clarifications/
Examples

Category

11Knowledge

Informationand/orskillsappliedto 61Datastructures
aspecificsituation.Thisisthe
human(subjective)needthatdrives
allITapplications.

Datastructurespecificationsdescribe
thegroupingsoftheinformationthat
maybeneededbypeopleorby
applications.

Howtochangeatire.

Adatastructurecanbeaflatfile,a
table,anarray,apropertyorsetof
properties(foraclass),oranyother
collectionofbasicrawdatathatis
structuredinamannertobeusableby
anapplication.

Iwanttoknowwhentoreorder
trainingmaterialfromour
vendor.

Definitions/Clarifications/
Examples

TheCustOrderfilecontainsCustID,
CustName,OrdDate,OrdQty,and
OrdPriceelements.
12Information

Acollectionofrelatedfactsor
relateddatathatisgreatervalue
thantheindividualdatum.

62Databases,Data
Warehouses,and
DataMarts

Statisticalinformation,customer
profiles.

Databasespecificationsdeterminethe
technologythatwillbeusedto
maintainthegroupingsofdata
structures.
Adatabaseisastructuredgroupof
tables,relationships,datavalues,
datedascriptsince,andother
informationthatdescribesits
structureandcontents.

Ourwebsiteranks#2in
worldwideaccesswhensearching
forthetermBusiness
RequirementsGathering.

TheCashForecastingdatabasewill
bedevelopedinOracle8i.
13Business
Rules

Adefinitionofnaturaldata
structuresdefinedbythebusiness
community.

63AccessPaths

Businessrulesdefineentities,
relationships,attribute,and
behaviorsfromthebusiness
perspective.

Accesspathsspecificationsdescribe
primarykeysandrelationshipsthat
determinehowdatacanbeaccessed
byprogramsormodules.
Storeddatacanonlybeaccessedonce
anaccesspathhasbeendefined.
TheCustomerID,ZipCode,
LastOrderDatewillbeusedto
accessthemostcurrentcredit
ratingsforacustomer.

AnORDERcanbeshippedinone
ormoreSHIPMENTS.A
Customer"canhaveoneormore
ORDERS.

Copyright 2005-2008 by the Requirements Solutions Group

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OnBusinessRequirementsandTechnicalSpecifications:

A Requirements Taxonomy

InformationalBusinessRequirements
14Business
DataEntities

Theobjectsorclassesaboutwhich
thetechnologywillstoreand
manipulatedata.

InformationalTechnicalSpecifications
64Tables(Files)

Businessdataentitiesarethethings
thebusinesscommunityisconcerned
withonadailybasis.

Dataspecificationshavetoincludethe
expectedvolumeofdata(howmuch)
andtheexpectedvolatility(howoften
itmightchange).

Acustomerisanindividualor
organizationthathaspurchased
productsorservicesfromusinthe
past2years.
15Business
DataElements

16Help
Facilities

Thepropertiesorcharacteristicsof
anelementofdata.

Thesystemshouldsupportthefive
majorshippersthatserviceour
customerarea.
65DataFields

Dataelementdescriptionsdistinguish
betweenbaseandderivabledata.

Individualdataelementsdescribe
somethingaboutabusinessdata
entityoritsrelationshipwithother
entities.

Basedataelementscannotbe
calculated,theymustbestored.For
eachderivabledataelement,aformula
isrequired.

Thecustomeridisaunique,15
digit,positive,realnumberthat
identifiesasinglecustomer.

TheShipCostwillbecalculated
basedontheselectedShipper,the
weightoftheshipment,andthe
ShipTozipcode.

Contextspecificinformationabout
howtoperformafunction,action
orprocessofasystem.

66UserViews

Theuserhastobeabletoseethe
corporatestandarddefinitionof
everyelementonadataentryscreen.

Externallymandatedlimitsonthe
storageandavailabilityofdata
elements.
Legal,organizational,operational,
orotherneedsdefiningthelife
expectancyofdata.

SeetheAddBookscreenprototype.
67DataProperties Datapropertiesspecifications
encompassanyinformationthatis
neededtodescribethelength,content
type,constraints,ownership,orany
otherdimensionoftheinformation
thatisbeingmanipulated.
Datapropertiesarecommonly
referredtoasmetadata.

Resultsofamedicaltrialmustbe
keptelectronicallyavailablefor
fourteenyearsafterthetrialis
completed.

Copyright 2005-2008 by the Requirements Solutions Group

Userviewspecificationsdescribed
collectionsofinformationstructured
andpresentedinamannerthatis
peoplefriendly.
Typically,therearetwolevelstouser
views,thedatalevelandthe
presentationlevel.Bothlevelsneedto
bedefinedindependentofeachother.

Thesystemdatecanbesetto
theseformats:mm/dd/yyyy,dd
MonthNameyyyy.
17Data
Constraints

Dataisnormalizedinthecomputerto
avoidredundantdata.Normalized
dataisstoredintables(orflatfiles).

CustType:Numeric1=Public,
2=Corporate,3=Individual

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OnBusinessRequirementsandTechnicalSpecifications:

A Requirements Taxonomy

BEHAVIORAL Requirements
Behavioralrequirementsdeterminehowthesolutionhastoact.Behaviorcanbedefinedinquantitativeorqualitative
measures.Quantitativemeasuresareexpressedinoreasilytranslatedintonumbers.Theyarerelativelyeasyto
measure.Qualitativemeasuresareexpressedintermsthataretypicallysubjectiveandforwhichsomemodeof
measurementbecomesnecessary.Translatingqualitativemeasuresintoquantitativemeasuresisreferredtoas
quantification.

SpecifyingQuantitativeBehaviors
Quantitativebehavioralrequirementsareneededtodefinehowlongitcantaketodosomething,howoftenthings
havetobedone,howmuchdataisinvolvedwheneverwedosomething,andhowaccuratethatdatahastobefrom
thebusinessperspective.Intheworldoftechnology,quantitativespecificationsareneededtodefinetheamountof
datathatneedstobecreated,consumedorstored,theprecisionatwhichthatdatahastobemaintained,howlongit
cantaketoexecutesegmentsofcode.TheseareoftenreferredtoasPerformanceRequirements.

QuantitativeBusinessRequirements

QuantitativeTechnicalSpecifications

Category

Definitions/Clarifications/
Examples

Category

Definitions/Clarifications/
Examples

21Urgency

Howlongapersoncanwaitona
responsefromtheautomated
systembeforetheirabilitytodo
theirjobbecomesimpaired.

71UpdateTime

Inputurgencyspecifieshowquicklya
componentneedsinputbeforeitis
incapableofcompletingitsmission.
Typically,subsecondinputurgency
impliestheneedforarealtime
applicationwhereasininteractive
applicationsitisoftenmeasuredin
minutes.

Thedesiredtimelapseforthenext
eventtooccurafteraspecificevent
occurs.
Customerservicerepshaveto
knowthecreditstatusofacaller
within5seconds.

22Frequency

Thenumberofinstancesanevent
orprocessoccursinaspecific
intervaloftime.

Thereactorshutoffmodulewill
shutthesystemdownifitdoesnot
receiveanoverridewithin3seconds
afterissuingatemperature
exceededwarning.
72ResponseTime

Transactions/functionsperunitof
time

Lowresponsetimespecifications
indicatetheneedforinteractive
systems.

Payrollwillbeprocessedevery
twoweeks.
23Volume

Theamountofdata(information)
stored,transmitted,presented,
and/orusedbyaprocess.

Peakresponsetimeforcreditrating
willnotexceed1.5seconds.
73Size

Numberofoccurrencesofrecordsor
itemsonareport
Weanticipateanactivecustomer
baseof10,000bytheendof2006.

Copyright 2005-2008 by the Requirements Solutions Group

Responsetimespecificationsmandate
howquicklytheautomatedsystem
hastorespondtoauserrequest.

Sizespecificationsarequantitative
measuresthatcanrefertothesizeof
thedatabase(numberofallrecordsof
eachtype)orthesizeofan
application(howmanyMBorGBthe
distributedapplicationrequires).
Therecordedseminarpresentation
willnotexceedthecapacityofaCD
Rom(720MB)

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A Requirements Taxonomy

QuantitativeBusinessRequirements
24Accuracy

Theacceptabledeviationfroma
definedstandardortarget.

QuantitativeTechnicalSpecifications
74Precision

Toleranceforerrorsfromthe
businesscommunity

Precisionisspecifiedasameasureof
accuracyasitappliestoinformational
contentortheresultsofcalculations.
Thisistypicallyexpressedintermsofa
numberofdigitsbehindthedecimal
point.

Theonhandinventoryfilevalues
mustbewithin+/2%ofthe
actualphysicalcount.

HSTwillberoundedtothenearest
cent.

SpecifyingQualitativeBehaviors
Qualitativebehavioralbusinessattributesareoftenperceivedofasaproblemfromtheinformationtechnologyside
becausetheyarebydefinitiondifficulttomeasure.Theyareessential,however,todefinehoweasilyanenduserwill
beabletousethesolutiontodotheirjob,howquicklyanewuserhastobetrainedtousethesolution,andhoweasily
thesolutionhastoadapttochangingneeds.Thetechnologydimensiondefineshowquicklythesoftwarehastobe
abletobemodified,howtrustworthytheresultsofthesolutionneedtobe,howeasyitmustbetotransportthe
solutionontoadifferenthardware/softwareplatform,andhoweasilythesolutionwilladapttovariationsin
workload.ThesearesometimescalledSubjectiveRequirements.

QualitativeBusinessRequirements

QualitativeTechnicalSpecifications

Category

Definitions/Clarifications/
Examples

Category

Definitions/Clarifications/
Examples

31Usability

Ameasureofhoweasy(intuitive)it
istousethesystem.Oftenreferred
toasuserfriendliness.

81Maintainability

Maintainabilityspecificationsexpress
howeasyithastobetomodifythe
behaviorofanapplicationonceithas
beendeployed.

Subjectivedimensionthatusually
requiresprototypingorvisual
representationtoclarify

Conceptssuchascohesionand
couplingaremeasuresof
maintainability.

Thegraphicalinterfacewillnot
dependuponcoloraloneto
conveymissioncritical
information.
32Trainability

Ameasureofhoweasyitistolearn
howtousethesystem.

Ithastobepossibletoaddnewloan
ratecalculationmodestothe
systemwithlessthan1developer
dayofeffort.
82Reliability

Desiredlengthoftrainingtimeto
achieveaspecificgoal.

Commonmeasuresofreliabilityare
meantimebetweenfailures(MTBF),
meantimetorepair(MTTR),etc.

Afterthreehoursofwebbased
trainingandonehourofpractice,
theuserwillbeabletocorrectly
process8outof10maprequests
inlessthan2hours.

Copyright 2005-2008 by the Requirements Solutions Group

Reliabilityspecificationsarean
expressionofhowerrorsthatthe
applicationmakesaffecttheoutside
world.

Thepatientmonitoringsystem
downtimewillnotexceed1cadaver
betweenfailures.

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A Requirements Taxonomy

QualitativeBusinessRequirements
33Flexibility

Ameasureofhoweasyitistoadd
newfunctionalityorchange
existingfunctionality

QualitativeTechnicalSpecifications
83Scalability

Lengthoftimeexpectedto
accomplishmaintenancetask

Missingscalabilityrequirementslead
tosolutionsthatquicklybecome
unabletorespondtochanging
businessvolumes.

Asupportprogrammerwith1
yearofexperiencesupportingthis
systemshouldbeabletocreatea
newtwopage(screens)userview
inlessthantwohours.
34Availability

Ameasureoftheplanneduptime
duringwhichthesystemcanbe
used.Itisusuallyexpressedasa
percentageofduration.

Scalabilityspecificationsareneeded
todefineacceptablecriteriaforan
applicationtogrowovertimein
reactiontogrowingbusinessevents
orvolumesofdata.

Thesystemhastoaccommodatea
500%annualincreaseinsales.
84Portability

Meantimebetweenfailuresand
accumulateddowntimeduring
failures

Portabilityspecificationsare
necessaryforapplicationsthatwillbe
installedonmultipleoperating
systems.
Thismeasurecanbecriticalfor
applicationsthatareusedinntiered
architecturesand/oronthe
internet/intranets.

Duringpeaktime(10amto2pm)
thesystemshouldbeoperational
99.5%ofthetime.

Theapplicationwillfunction
withoutmodificationsonWindows,
Linux,ApacheandAppleoperating
systems.

Thenuclearpowerplant
radiationlevelmonitorfunction
hastobeavailable24/7/365.

Copyright 2005-2008 by the Requirements Solutions Group

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OnBusinessRequirementsandTechnicalSpecifications:

A Requirements Taxonomy

ENVIRONMENTAL Requirements
Environmentalrequirementsdefinethecontextwithinwhichthesolutionhastooperate.Businessattributesare
neededtodefinewhowillinteractwiththefuturebusinesssolution,whereeachcomponentofthesolutionis
physicallylocated,whohastheauthoritytodowhattoeachcomponent,governmentalandregulatorymandates,
languageandcustomsofthebusinessusers,assoforth.Onthetechnologyside,environmentalfactorsthatneedtobe
definedincludehardware,software,networkarchitecture,operatingsystems,anddatabasetechnology,data
exchangeswithothersolutions,allowableprogramminglanguage,architecturalstructure,methods,documentation,
etc.Sincerequirementsinthiscategoryoftenconstrainthedesignofasuccessfulsolution,theyareoftenreferredto
asConstraints.

EnvironmentalBusinessRequirements

EnvironmentalTechnicalSpecifications

Category

Definitions/Clarifications/
Examples

Category

41Distribution
(Organization)

Therolesandresponsibilitiesofthe 91Interfaces
usersofthesystem.
(Interaction)
Whocandowhatorgetswhat
information
Aclerkwillbeabletodetermine
inventoryfromanyofthefloor
accessterminals.

Definitions/Clarifications/
Examples
Interfaces/interactionspecifications
oftheboundarybetweentheusers
andautomationorbetween
applicationsthatneedto
communicatewitheachother.
Onemajordimensionofinterface
specificationshastodowiththeend
userinterfacewhichisoftendefinedin
termsofauniversallyaccepted
standard.
Thepayrollsystemhasto
communicatewiththeHRsystem
usingEDIformat8II6B.

42Location

Thephysicalsiteofthecomponents 92Standards
ofthesystem(includingpeople).
Geographicorstructureof
hardware,software,resources
Theapplicationwillbeaccessible
fromanycityinFlorida.

Standardsspecificationsdetermine
whichcorporate,industrywide,best
practiceorotherlimitswillbe
imposedonthestructure,contentor
contextoftheevolvingsolution.
Standardsoftenalsoapplyto91
Interfaces,above.
Dateswillberepresentedasdd
MonthNameyyyy(02September
2066.

43Security

Adescriptionofthecharacteristics
ofthosepeoplewhoareallowedto
usethesystemandthemeansby
whichtheygainaccesstothe
system.

93Infrastructure

Thiscanalsoincludesystemsoftware,
middleware,andothernecessities.

Useofsecretcodesand/orbiometric
identifiers

Thediskdrivesofthesystemwillbe
shadowedateachregionalcenter
andtheglobalcenter.

OnlyE8levelandabovepersonal
canviewtheAndromedafiles
basedonretinalscanand
fingerprintid.

Copyright 2005-2008 by the Requirements Solutions Group

Infrastructurespecificationsdescribe
thehardware/softwareconfiguration
thatisneededfortheprojecttobe
successful.

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A Requirements Taxonomy

EnvironmentalBusinessRequirements
44Legal

Specificlawsorregulationswith
whichthesystemmustcomply.

EnvironmentalTechnicalSpecifications
94Methodology

Externallymandatedconstraints

Methodologyspecificationsidentify
theapproachthattheprojectwill
followandwhy.
Methodologiesshouldbeaproject
leveldecisionssincetheselected
approachhasasignificantimpacton
projectsuccessorfailure.

Personalhealthdatawillnotbe
storedwithpersonalidentity
data.

THEGuideProjectManagementand
SystemDevelopmentmethodology
willbeusedforthisproject.
45Cultural

Humanfactorsthatmustbe
considerinthedesignofthe
system.Itusuallydenotesa
personalqualityresultingfromthe
developmentofintellect,manners,
andaestheticappreciation.

95Technology
Architecture

Technologyconstraintslimitthe
projectteamsabilitytomake
decisionsregardinghardware/
softwareplatformsfortheir
particularapplication.
Architecturalspecificationsareoften
thedomainoftheSystemArchitect
role.

Localizationconsiderations
Thesystemcannotuseanyred
fonts.

Theapplicationhastorunonthe
existinghardware/software
platform.

Informationontheorderentry
interfacehastohavethesame
meaninginEnglish,German,
FrenchandItalian.

Copyright 2005-2008 by the Requirements Solutions Group

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OnBusinessRequirementsandTechnicalSpecifications:

A Requirements Taxonomy

Hyperlinked Table of Requirement Categories


Sincethenumberofdifferentdimensionsisfairlymindboggling,wewouldliketoofferanoverviewtabletoplace
eachoftherequirementcategories.Followingtheoverviewtable,wewillofferthedefinitions,examplesand
clarificationsofeachrequirementtype.Thenamesofeachrequirementtypearelinkedtotheirdefinitions,soclicking
onthenamewillgetyoudirectlytothedefinition.

Business Requirements

Technical Specifications

01 Processes /
Procedures (Manual)

51 Modules / Programs
(Automated)

11 Knowledge

61 Data structures

12 Information

62 Data bases, Data


Warehouses, and Data
Marts

13 Business Rules

63 Access Paths

14 Business Data Entities

64 Tables (Files)

15 Data Elements

65 Data Fields

16 Help facilities

66 User Views

17 Data Constraints

67 Data Properties

21 Urgency

71 Size

22 Frequency

72 Precision

23 Volumes

73 Response Time

Behavioral

24 Accuracy

74 Update Time

(Performing)

31 Usability

81 Maintainability

Qualitative

32 Trainability

82 Reliability

(Subjective)

33 Flexibility

83 Portability

34 Availability

84 Scalability

41 Distribution
(Organization)

91 Interfaces (Interaction)

Functional
(Doing)

Informational
(Knowing)

Quantitative
(Objective)

Environmental

42 Location

(Constraining)

43 Security

92 Standards
93 Infrastructure
94 Methodology

44 Legal

95 Technology

45 Cultural

Asafinaldisclaimer,wewouldliketonotethatthislistisnotnecessarilycomplete.Justliketherequirementsthat
theystrivetodelineate,thelistissubjecttochangeasthisvolatileindustrycontinuestoevolve.That
notwithstanding,thislistshouldserveasareasonablebaselineforfutureevolution.
Copyright 2005-2008 by the Requirements Solutions Group

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OnBusinessRequirementsandTechnicalSpecifications:

A Requirements Taxonomy

On Business Requirements and Technical Specifications is one of a series of white papers published by the
Requirements Solutions Group, LLC. This white paper is intended to complement our training in business system
analysis and delivery. For more information concerning this training, our methodology, or our consulting
services, contact:

Daniel Myers
Requirements Solutions Group, LLC
3837 Northdale Blvd., Suite 361
Tampa, FL 33624
(813) 319-5851
Dan.Myers@reqsol.com

Tom Hathaway
Requirements Solutions Group, LLC.
16057 Tampa Palms Blvd. W., Suite 197
Tampa, FL 33647
(813) 319-4213
Tom.Hathaway@reqsol.com

Copyright 2005-2008 by the Requirements Solutions Group

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