Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
2 0.100 32
= 0.213 mol dm-3
3 10
Taking that for actual titration, 25.0 cm3 of FA2 is pipetted and 25.0 cm3 of
FA1 is required for complete reaction, an estimated suitable concentration of
0.213 3
FA2 =
= 0.320 mol dm-3 (higher than 0.100 mol dm-3 originally)
2
This means that a suitable amount of Na 2C2O4 to weigh = 0.320
= 10.70 g.
Note: The justification for concentration of FA2 is required.
250
134
1000
3. Pipette 25.0 cm3 of FA2 into a conical flask and add about an equal volume
of 1 mol dm-3 sulfuric acid (an excess), using a measuring cylinder.
Note: Must mention acifification of solution and in an excess, and cannot use
HCl. Also, the pippetted solution should be placed in conical flask, not
beakers.
4. Titrate the above solution with FA1, placed in a burette. No external
indicator is required since the the colour change at the end-point is from
colourless (almost) (due to the excess FA2 and Fe3+) to pale pink (due to an
excess drop of FA1).
5. Repeat titration as many times as necessary till consistent results (within
0.10 cm3 of each other) obtained. Record the results accordingly.
Titration no.
Rough
Accurate
1
(d)
Summary:
25.0 cm3 of acidified FA2 required __________ cm3 of FA1 for complete
reaction.
y
M mol
Amount of FA2 (C2O42-) =
1000
Since 2FeO42- 3C2O42-, amount of FA1 in x cm3 =
Concentration of FA1 =
(e)
2
(a)
(b)
2
y
3 1000
1000 2
y
2yM
M =
mol dm-3
x
3 1000
3x
Na2C2O4 and FeO4- is extremely toxic and should not be left in contact with
the skin. Avoid spilling when weighing.
Amount of NaBr =
(c)
(i)
(ii)
(g)
(i)
Almost all of organic reactions requires breaking of covalent bonds, and these
in general require high amounts of energy to overcome.
Water and butan-1-ol. They have closest b.p. to 1-bromobutane (118 C), and
will be distilled off together.
Lower layer. 1-bromobutane has a higher density than aqueous solution
(largely water).
Note: No credit for comparing Mr.
butan-1-ol (clue given in question: HCl is a strong acid, as a Bronsted acid, it
would lose H+ to protonate butan-1-ol.)
(ii)
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + HCl CH3CH2CH2CH2OH2+ + ClNote: The product is not 1-chlorobutane because this will not help to explain
why it is more soluble in water than the original reactant.
(iii)
Product is ionic, and hence can form ion-dipole interactions between product
and water, and this process is much more exothermic than formation of
hydrogen bonding (limited due to non-polar alkyl chain) between butan-1-ol
and water.
Note: No credit for answering in terms of van der waals forces formed.
(h)
(i)
(j)
3
(a)
(b)
Plot graph of initial rate against (PNO)2 or initial rate against PNO. Graphs must
pass through origin.
(c)
2nd order.
For graph of initial rate against (PNO)2 obtained in (b) is a straight line with
positive gradient, suggesting that rate is directly proportional to (PNO)2
OR
For graph of initial rate against PNO obtained in (b), as PNO is doubled, rate is
increased fourfold (show evidence in graph plotted.) (No credit if say since
the graph is not a straight line the reaction must be 2nd order wrt PNO.)
(d)
(e)
(i)
(ii)
4
(a)
(i)
(ii)
L.E.
(b)
(i)
qq
. Since both charges (M2+, SO42-) and ionic radius of sulfate are
r r
consistent, the determining factor is the ionic radius of M2+, and from Data
Booklet, the ionic radius increases from Mg2+ to Ba2+ (0.065 to 0.135 nm).
This means the ionic bond strength between the oppositely charged ions gets
weaker due to less close approach.
(ii)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
(d)
(e)
5
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
Extended heating for a few hours with 6 mol dm-3 HCl or 6 mol dm-3 NaOH.
(ii)
(iii)
Monomer of proteins: amino acids each contains both CO2H and NH2
group. Monomer of Kevlar: dicarboxylic acids and diamines separately
Question is not asking for difference between monomers that make up Kevlar
(e)
(f)
(i)
(ii)