List of Countries' Copyright Length

List of countries' copyright length

This is a list of different countries and the length of their standard copyright in years. See copyright term.
Although they are not countries, the list also includes entries for the European Union, Berne Convention, and the
Universal Copyright Convention, which set minimum terms for their member nations or signatories. The Agreement
on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), though not included, requires a copyright length
of at least 50 years after death.
Legend
ibid. = ibidem, "in the same place"

0, no copyright = not copyrighted
Life + xx years = copyrighted for authors' lifetime plus xx years after their deaths
xx years after publication, creation, etc. = copyrighted for xx years since publication, creation, etc., of works
Until year end = copyrighted until the end of a calendar year, i.e. December 31
Berne = has signed the Berne Convention, see Berne in the "Countries, ..." column
Table
Countries, areas,
and entities
Copyright terms based on authors' deaths
[1]
Afghanistan
0, no copyright.
Albania
Life + 70 years
Algeria
Life + 50 years (except posthumous work)
Andorra
Life + 70 years
Angola
[16]
Life + 50 years
[16]
Life + 25 years (photographic works or applied arts)
Anguilla
Life + 50 years
Until
year
end?
0, no copyright.
[2]
[7]
[11] [12]
[17]
Copyright terms based on publication and

creation dates
70 years from publication (anonymous or

[3]
pseudonymous work)
70 years from publication; 70 years from creation
if unpublished (photographic or audiovisual work
[4]
of joint authorship)
25 years from production (works of applied
[5]
art)
Yes

if unpublished (collective work, anonymous or
pseudonymous work, audiovisual work,
[8]
posthumous work)
50 years from creation (photographs or the work
[9]
of applied art)
Yes

if unpublished (collective work with unknown
[13]
authorship)
[14]
pseudonymous work)
Yes
Yes
50 years from the death of the author, of the last

surviving author for works with more than one
[17]
author.
[6]
[10]
[15]
[16]
Antigua and Barbuda Life + 50 years[18] [19]

if unpublished (anonymous or pseudonymous
work, computer generated work, sound recording
[20]
or film)
50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after
programme included in a cable programme
[21]
service
25 years from publication (typographical
[22]
arrangement of a published edition)
[24]
Yes
Argentina
Life + 70 years
50 years from publication (anonymous intellectual Yes

works belonging to institutions, corporations or
[25]
legal persons)
Armenia
Life + 50 years (except posthumous work first published

[27]
within 50 years after the author's death)

pseudonymous works; posthumous work first
published within 50 years after the author's
[28]
death)
Yes
Aruba
Life + 50 years
Australia (including
external territories)
[31]
Life + 70 years
[32]
[Life + 50 years (death before 1955)]
70 years from publication (sound recordings,

[33]
cinematograph films)
50 years after making (television broadcasts and
[34]
sound broadcasts)
[50 years from publication (photographs, no
[32]
longer applicable since 1 January 2005)]
Yes
Austria
Life + 70 years

if unpublished (anonymous or pseudonymous
[38]
work)
Yes
Azerbaijan
Life + 50 years (except posthumous work published at first

[40]
time during 30 years)

Yes
pseudonymous work; posthumous work published
[41]
at first time during 30 years)
Bahamas
Berne
Bahrain
Life + 50 calendar years (except posthumous work)
Bangladesh
Life + 50 years
Barbados
Life + 50 years
[23]
[26]
[29]
[30]
[36] [37]
[43]
[46] [47]
[35]
[39]
[42]
50 calendar years from publication

(cinematographic films, applied arts works and
photographs; anonymous or pseudonymous
[44]
works; corporate works; posthumous works)
40 years from publication or 50 years from
completion, whichever is earlier (computer
[45]
software)

[48]
pseudonymous works)
50 years from making (computer-generated
[49]
work)
[50]
if unpublished (sound recordings and films)
[51]
service
[22]
arrangement of a published edition)
Yes
[52]
3
[53]
Belarus
Life + 50 years
Belgium
Life + 70 years
Belize
Life + 50 years
Benin
Life + 50 years
Bermuda
Life + 50 years
Berne Convention
signatories
[62]
Life + 50 years
[63]
Signatories may grant longer terms.
Bhutan
Life + 50 years
Bolivia
Life + 50 years
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
Life + 70 years
Botswana
[71]
Berne, TRIPS, WCT
Brazil
Life + 70 years
British Indian Ocean

Territory
unknown
50 years from publication or if unpublished 50

years from creation (anonymous or
[54]
pseudonymous works)
[55]
50 years from fixation (performance)
[56]
years from fixation (phonogram)
50 years from the first broadcast or cable
[57]
transmission
Yes
50 years from publication or if not shown 50

[64]
years from creation (cinematographic works)
[65]
pseudonymous works)
[66]
25 years from creation (photographic works)
[63]
Signatories may grant longer terms.
Yes
[58]
[59]
[60]
[61]
[68]
[69]
[70]
[72]
British Virgin Islands unknown

[73]
Brunei
Life + 50 years
Bulgaria
Life + 70 years (EU)
Burkina Faso
Life + 70 years
Burundi
Life + 50 years
Cambodia
Life + 50 years
Cameroon
Life + 50 years
Canada
Life + 50 years
Cape Verde
Life + 50 years
Cayman Islands
unknown
Central African
Republic
Berne, TRIPS
Chad
Berne, TRIPS
Chile
Life + 70 years
[74]
[75]
[76]
[77]
[78]
[79]
[80]
[67]
4
[81]
China, People's
Republic of
(Mainland only)
Life + 50 years (citizens' works)
Colombia
Life + 80 years
Comoros
Berne
Congo (Democratic
Republic)
Berne, TRIPS
Congo (Republic)
Berne, TRIPS
Costa Rica
Life + 70 years
Cte d'Ivoire
Life + 99 years (except posthumous works published within 99 years from publication (photographic or
Yes
[86]
this period)
audiovisual works or works of applied art;
anonymous or pseudonymous works; posthumous
[87]
works)
Croatia
Life + 70 years
Cuba
Life + 50 years
Cyprus
Life + 50 years
[90]
(EU, WCT)
Czech Republic
Life + 70 years
Denmark
Life + 70 years
Djibouti
Life + 25 years (Berne, TRIPS)
Dominica
Life + 70 years
Dominican Republic
Life + 50 years
Ecuador
Life + 70 years
Egypt
Life + 50 years
El Salvador
Life + 50 years
Equatorial Guinea
Berne
Eritrea
unknown
Estonia
Life + 70 years (EU)
Ethiopia
Life + 50 years
European Union
members
Life + 70 years
Fiji
Life + 50 years
[83]

years from creation (works of legal entities,
cinematographic works, films or photographic
[82]
works)
Yes
80 years from publication (cinematographic

[29]
works)
Yes
[6]
[84]
[85]
[88]
[89]
[91]
[92]
70 years from publication (anonymous works)
Yes

[96]
years from completion (film)
25 years from completion (a photographic work
[97]
or a work of applied art)
Yes

[105]
pseudonymous works)
Yes

[109]
years from creation (anonymous works)
Yes
[93]
[94]
[95]
[98]
[99]
[100]
[101]
[102]
[103]
[104]
[106]
[107]
[108]
[110]
[25]
5
[111]
Finland
Life + 70 years
50 years from publication (sound recordings,

Yes
[112]
television broadcasts and sound broadcasts)
[113]
50 years from creation (photographic works)
France
Life + 70 years (except posthumous works published after

[115] [116]
this term)
The following additions to copyright term formerly applied
to all works, but the French Cour de Cassation has found
them to be superseded by later copyright treaties, thus
limiting the copyright term to life + 70 years total, at least
for non-musical works of authors who did not "die for
[117]
France".
70 years from publication (pseudonymous,

[121]
anonymous or collective works)
25 years from publication (posthumous works
[122]
published after Art. L123-1 term)
Yes
25 years from first publication or first public

performance if copyright has expired before such
publication or performance, or if the work has
never been protected in Germany and the author
died more than 70 years before the first
[127]
publication
Yes

[132]
pseudonymous works)
Yes

years from creation (computer programs and
collective works; anonymous or pseudonymous
[136]
works; audiovisual works)
Yes
70 years from publication or, if unpublished

within 50 years, 70 years from creation (works of
[141]
applied art and photographs)
Yes
[114]
[123]
+ 6 years 152 days for musical work published through

[118]
1920
+ 8 years and 120 days for musical work published through
[119]
1947
+ 30 years for all works if the author died on active
[120]
service
Gabon
Berne, TRIPS, WCT
Gambia
Life + 50 years
Georgia
Life + 70 years
Germany
Life + 70 years
Ghana
Life + 70 years
Greece
Life + 70 years
Grenada
Berne, TRIPS
Guatemala
Life + 75 years
Guinea
TRIPS, WCT
Guinea-Bissau
Berne, TRIPS
Guyana
Life + 50 years
Haiti
Berne, TRIPS
Honduras
Life + 75 years
[124]
[125]
[126]
[128]
[129]
[130] [131]
[133]
[134]
[135]
[137]
[138]
[139]
[140]
[141]

[142]
Hong Kong
Life + 50 years (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works

[143]
with known authorship)
[144]
Life + 50 years (films)

years from creation (literary, dramatic, musical or
[145]
artistic works with unknown authorship)
[146]
years from creation (sound recordings)
[147]
service
[148]
arrangement of published editions)
Yes
Hungary
Life + 70 years
Iceland
Life + 70 years
[152]
India
Life + 60 years (except posthumous works)
60 years from publication (posthumous works,

photographs, cinematograph films, sound
recordings, works of public undertakings, and
[155]
works of international organisations)
Yes
Indonesia
Life + 50 years
Iran
Life + 30 years
Iraq
Life + 50 years
Ireland
Life + 70 years
Israel
Life + 70 years
50 years from publication (photographs created

[163]
till May 2007)
Italy
Life + 70 years
[165]
[Life + 50 years]

Yes
[166]
pseudonymous work)
20 years from publication (copyright of State, the
provinces, the communes, the academies or public
cultural organizations, or to private legal entities
of a non-profit making character)
Jamaica
Life + 50 years
Japan
Life + 50 years
Jordan
Life + 50 years
Kazakhstan
Life + 50 years
Kenya
Life + 50 years (literary, musical or artistic work other than

[175]
photographs)
Kiribati
Life + 50 years
Korea, Democratic
People's Republic of
(North)
Life + 50 years (Berne)
[149]
[150]
[151]
[153] [154]
[156]
[157]
[158]
30 years from publication (photographic or

[159]
cinematographic works)
[160]
[161]
[162]
Yes
[164]
[167]
[168]
[169]

years from creation (cinematographic
[170]
works)
years from creation (works of a legal person or
[171]
other corporate body)
Yes
50 years from the latest of creation or publication

[176]
(audio-visual works and photographs)
Yes
[172]
[173]
[174]
[124]
[178]
Works authored by "an institution, enterprise or

[178]
organization", 50 years from publication
[177]
7
[179]
Korea, Republic of
(South)
Life + 50 years
Kuwait
Life + 50 years
Kyrgyzstan
Life + 50 years
Laos
0, no copyright.
0, no copyright.
Latvia
[185]
Life + 70 years
[186]
[Life + 50 years]

[187]
pseudonymous work)
Yes
Lebanon
Life + 50 years
Lesotho
Life + 50 years
Libya
Life + 25 years with 50-year minimum (as of 1968; may

have changed since)
Liechtenstein
Life + 70 years
[189]
[Life + 50 years]
Lithuania
Life + 70 years
[190]
[Life + 50 years]
Luxembourg
Life + 70 years
[191]
[Life + 50 years]
Macau(b)
Life + 50 years
50 years from publication (anonymous

[193]
works)
50 years from publication (audiovisual
[194]
works)
25 years from completion (works of applied art
[195]
and photographic works)
Yes
Macedonia
Life + 70 years
Madagascar
Life + 70 years
Malawi
Life + 50 years
Malaysia
Life + 50 years
Maldives
Life + 50 years from death.
Mali
Life + 50 years
Malta
Life + 70 years
Marshall Islands
0, no copyright. Copyright legislation is not known to

[203]
exist.
Mauritania
Berne, TRIPS
Mauritius
Life + 50 years
Mexico
Life +100 years (effective 23 July 2003

[205]
non-retroactively)
[Life + 75 years (before the law change on 23 July 2003,
[206]
applicable for deaths before 23 July 1928)]
Micronesia
Life + 50 years

[180]
years from creation (organizational works)
Yes
[181]
[182]
[183]
[184]
[180]
[188]
[124]
[192]
[197]
[198]
[199]
[200]
[201]
[202]
[204]
[207]
0, no copyright.
[196]
8
[208]
Moldova
Life + 50 years
Monaco
WCT
Mongolia
Life + 50 years
[209]
[210]
[211]
Montenegro
Life + 70 years
Morocco
Life + 50 years
Mozambique
Life + 70 years
Myanmar
TRIPS
Namibia
Life + 50 years (except posthumous works)
Nauru
unknown
Nepal
Life + 50 years
Netherlands
[212]
[213]
[214]
[219]
50 years from publication (posthumous

[215]
works)
years from creation (cinematograph films,
[216]
photographs and computer programs)
Yes
[217]
25 years from creation (applied art and

[218]
photographic work)
[220]
Life + 70 years

pseudonymous work, corporate works with no
[221]
listed natural author)
New Zealand
Life + 50 years (literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic

[222]
work)
50 years from creation (computer-generated

[223]
work)
Yes
Nicaragua
Life + 70 years
Niger
Life + 50 years
Nigeria
Life + 70 years (literary, musical or artistic works other

[227]
than photographs)
70 years from publication (literary, musical or

non-photograph artistic works in the case of
government or a body corporate)
50 years from publication (cinematograph films
and photographs)
50 years from creation (sound recordings)
[227]
50 years from publication (broadcasts)
Yes
Norway
Life + 70 years
Oman
Life + 50 years
Pakistan
Life + 50 years
Palau
Life + 50 years
Panama
Life + 50 years
Papua New Guinea
Life + 50 years
Paraguay
Life + 70 years
Peru
Life + 70 years
Philippines
Life + 50 years
50 years from publication (photographic

[237]
works)
Yes
[224]
[225]
[226]
[227]
[228]
[229]
[230]
[231]
[232]
[233]
[234]
[235]
[236]
[238]
9
[239]
Poland
Life + 70 years
Portugal
Life + 70 years
[240]
[Life + 50 years]
Qatar
Life + 50 years
Romania
Life + 70 years
Russia
[243]
Life + 70 years
Rehabilitation + 70 years (for repressed and rehabilitated)
Life + 74 years (for those taking part or working during the
war 1941-1945)
[244]
Life + 50 years (death before 1943)
Rwanda
Berne, TRIPS
St. Kitts and Nevis
Life + 50 years
St. Lucia
Life + 50 years
St. Vincent and the

Grenadines
Life + 75 years (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic

[246]
work)
Samoa
Life + 75 years
San Marino
unknown
So Tom and
Prncipe
unknown
Saudi Arabia
Life + 50 years
Senegal
Berne, TRIPS
[253]
Serbia
Life + 70 years
Seychelles
Life + 25 years
[257]
Singapore
Life + 70 years (except posthumous work)
Slovakia
Life + 70 years
Slovenia
Life + 70 years
Solomon Islands
Life + 50 years
Somalia
unknown
[241]
[242]
[124]
[245]
years from creation (sound recording or
[247]
film)
50 years from creation (computer-generated
[248]
work)
[249]
service
Yes
25 years from publication (photograph, film, or

[255]
broadcast)
[256]
25 years from creation (sound recording)
Yes
70 years from publication (posthumous work,

[260]
photograph)
70 years from publication (sound recordings and
[261]
cinematograph films)
50 years after making (television broadcasts,
[262]
sound broadcasts, cable programmes)
25 years from publication (published editions of
[263]
works)
Yes
[250]
[251]
[252]
[211]
[254]
[258] [259]
[265]
[266]
[267]
[247]
[264]
10
South Africa
Life + 50 years (literary or musical works or artistic works,

[268]
other than photographs)
Spain
Life + 70 years
[Life + 80 years(18791987), Life + 60
[270]
years(19871994)]
Sri Lanka
Life + 50 years
Sudan
Life + 50 years
Suriname
Berne, TRIPS
Swaziland
Life + 50 years
Sweden
Life + 70 years
Switzerland
Life + 70 years effective 1 July 1993 non-retroactively, but

[279]
Life + 50 years for computer programs
[Life + 50 years (before the law change on 1 July 1993,
[280]
applicable for deaths through 1942)]
Syria
Life + 50 years
10 years from production (photographic, fine arts

[284]
or plastic arts)
Taiwan, Republic of
China (Chinese
Taipei)
Life + 50 years (except posthumous works first published

[285]
40 to 50 years after death)

[282]
pseudonymous work)
if unpublished (corporate works; photographic
works, audiovisual works, sound recordings, and
[286]
performances)
10 years from publication (posthumous works
[287]
first published 40 to 50 years after death)
Tajikistan
Berne
Tanzania
Life + 50 years
Thailand
Life + 50 years
Timor Leste
Life + 50 years
Togo
Life + 50 years
Tonga
Life + 50 years
Trinidad and Tobago
Life + 50 years
Tunisia
Life + 50 years
[271]
[275]

years from creation (cinematography films,
[216]
photographs, computer programs)
50 years from publication (sound recordings;
broadcasts; programme-carrying signals; and
[269]
published editions)
Yes

years from completion (cinematographic,
[272]
radiophonic or audiovisual work)
25 years from publication (photographic work or
[273]
a work of applied art)
Yes
[217]
[274]
25 years from publication (photographic pictures

and cinematographic films and other audiovisual
works; works published under unknown
[276]
pseudonym or anonymously)
[277]
[278]
[283]
Yes
50 years after performance (performers'
[281]
rights)
[289]
[290]
[157]
[291]
[292]
[293]
[294]
50 years from publication or 50 years from

creation if not published within 50 years from
creation
Yes
Yes
[278]
[282]
[288]
11
[295]
Turkey
Life + 70 years
Turkmenistan
Life + 50 years
Tuvalu
Life + 50 years
Uganda
TRIPS
Ukraine
Life + 70 years
[297]
[Life + 50 years]
United Arab
Emirates
Life + 50 years
United Kingdom
Life + 70 years
[296]
[124]
[298]
[302]
[299]
50 years after release or if not released 50 years

[22] [300]
after making (sound recordings)
United States
Life + 70 years (works published since 1978 or unpublished 95 years from publication or 120 years from
[303]
works)
creation whichever is shorter (anonymous works,
pseudonymous works, or works made for hire,
[304]
published since 1978)
95 years from publication for works published
19641977; 28 (if copyright not renewed) or 95
years from publication for works published
19231963 (Copyrights prior to 1923 have
[305]
expired.)
Universal Copyright
Convention
minimum terms
Life + 25 years (general works)
Uruguay
Life + 50 years
Uzbekistan
Life + 50 years
Vanuatu
unknown
Vatican City
Life + 70 years
Venezuela
Life + 60 years
Vietnam
Berne
Yemen
Life + 30 years
Zambia
Life + 50 years
Zimbabwe
Life + 50 years
[307]
Yes
Yes
[301]
[306]
25 years from publication (specific works not

[308]
based on authors' deaths)
10 years (photographic works or to works of
[309]
applied art)
[310]
[311]
[312]
[313]

if unpublished (an audiovisual work, a broadcast
[29]
work or a computer program)
[166]
pseudonymous work)
Yes
[314]
[315]
[316] [317]
[318]
50 years from publication (photographs)
[319]
50 years from creation (Sound recordings)
50 years from publication (cinematograph films,
[320]
broadcasts)
Yes
[321]
Table notes
Terms of protection were taken from a variety of sources, including WIPO, UNESCO and the University of
Pennsylvania (see External links). Where no more specific information is available for a country, an indication of its
probable minimum copyright term can be gained from its status as:
a signatory of the Berne Convention ("Berne"); minimum term of life + 50 years, except for photographs.
a member of the WTO ("TRIPS"); minimum term of life + 50 years.
a candidate for membership of the European Union ("EU"); term must be life + 70 years before accession.
Notes
[1] http:/ / www. goodwinprocter. com/ ~/ media/ A5C66A80AB93408C857813C59512C1BA. ashx (PDF)
[2] Art. 17, Law no. 7564 of 19 April 1992, as modified by Law no. 7923 of 19 May 1995 (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080501103556/
http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ al/ al001en. html)
[3] Art. 18,, ibid.
[4] Art. 19, ibid.
[5] Art. 20, ibid.
[6] Art. 21, ibid.
[7] Art. 54, Ordonnance n 03-05 du 19 Joumada El Oula 1424 correspondant au 19 juillet 2003 relative aux droits dauteur et aux droits voisins
(http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080501103556/ http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ fr/ dz/ dz001fr. html)
[8] Arts. 56, 57, 58, 60, ibid.
[9] Art. 59, ibid.
[10] Arts. 54, 56, 57, 58, 60, ibid.
[11] An audiovisual work is copyrighted in Andorra for the same term, computed from the last of the following persons to survive: the principal
director, the author of the scenario, the author of the dialogue and the composer of music specifically created for the audiovisual work.
[12] Art. 18(1), (4), Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 1999 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/
ad_copyright_1999_en. pdf?URL_ID=30323& filename=11422451413ad_copyright_1999_en. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf&
filesize=93023& name=ad_copyright_1999_en. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[13] Art. 18(3), ibid.
[14] Art. 18(5), ibid.
[15] Art. 18(8), ibid.
[16] Art. 20(1), Copyright Law n 4/90, March 1990 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ en/ files/ 37842/ 12215545751Angola_loi_da. pdf/
Angola_loi_da. pdf)
[17] IP laws revised - Anguilla (http:/ / www. iprfirm. com/ anguilla/ introduction. htm)
[18] Literary, dramatic, musical or copyright artistic work.
[19] s. 10(1), Copyright Act, 2002 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/ ag_copyright_2002_en.
pdf?URL_ID=30468& filename=11428561303ag_copyright_2002_en. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf& filesize=1272593&
name=ag_copyright_2002_en. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[20] s. 10(2), (4), 11(1), ibid.
[21] s. 12(1), ibid.
[22] s. 13, ibid.
[23] s. 10(1), 10(2), (4), 11(1), 12(1), 13, ibid.
[24] Art. 5, Ley 11.723 del 28 de septiembre de 1933, as modified by Ley 24.870 del 11 de septiembre de 1997 (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/
20050221010722/ http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ ar/ ar012en. html)
[25] Art. 8, ibid.
[26] Art. 5, ibid.
[27] Art. 26, 1st paragraph, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 12 January 2000 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ am/
am005en. html)
[28] Art. 26, 3rd and 7th paragraphs, ibid.
[29] Art. 26, ibid.
[30] http:/ / www. lexmundi. com/ images/ lexmundi/ PDF/ GuidesToDoingBusiness/ Guide_Aruba. pdf p. 13
[31] s. 33, Copyright Act 1968 (http:/ / www. austlii. edu. au/ au/ legis/ cth/ consol_act/ ca1968133/ ) (Australia)
[32] Information Sheets (http:/ / www. copyright. org. au/ publications/ infosheets. htm) G023 (Duration), Australian Copyright Council
[33] s. 93, 94, Copyright Act 1968 (http:/ / www. austlii. edu. au/ au/ legis/ cth/ consol_act/ ca1968133/ ) (Australia)
[34] s. 95, ibid.
[35] All previous Australian references
12

[36] A cinematographic work is copyrighted in Austria for the same term, computed from the last surviving person among the following: the
principal director of the film and the authors of the screenplay, the dialogues and the musical work specially created for the cinematographic
work.
[37] 60, 62, Urheberrechtsgesetz (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ at/ at091en. html);
1(2), Urheberrechtsgesetznovelle 1972 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ at/ at004en. html) (Nr. 492, 1972-12-16)
[38] 61, Urheberrechtsgesetz (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ at/ at091en. html)
[39] 64, ibid.
[40] Art. 25(1), (2), Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 5 June 1996 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/
az_copyright_1996_en. pdf?URL_ID=30319& filename=11422428463az_copyright_1996_en. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf&
filesize=421208& name=az_copyright_1996_en. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[41] Arts. 25(2), 26(1), (3), ibid.
[42] Art. 25(1), (2), 26(1), (3), ibid.
[43] Art. 31(1), Legislative Decree no. 10 of 1993 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ bh/ bh001en. html)
[44] Art. 31(2)(a), (b), (c), (d), ibid.
[45] Art. 31(3), ibid.
[46] Literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work.
[47] s. 10(1), Copyright, Act, 05/03/1998, No. 4 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ en/ details. jsp?id=319)
[48] s. 10(3), ibid.
[49] s. 10(4), ibid.
[50] s. 11, ibid.
[51] s. 12, ibid.
[52] s. 10, 11, 12, 13, ibid.
[53] Art. 22(1), Law 194-3 of 11 August 1998 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ by/ by003en. html)
[54] Art. 22(2), ibid.
[55] Art. 38(1), ibid.
[56] Art. 38(2), ibid.
[57] Art. 38(3), ibid.
[58] Arts. 22(4), 38(4), ibid.
[59] Wet betreffende het auteursrecht en de naburige rechten van 30 juni 1994. (Hoofdstuk 1, afdeling 1, Art. 2) (http:/ / www. juridat. be/
cgi_loi/ loi_N. pl?cn=1994063035)/Loi relative au droit dauteur et aux droits voisins du 30 juin 1994.
[60] s. 10, Copyright Act Ch. 252 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ bz/ bz019en. html)
[61] How long does copyright last? (http:/ / www. gov. bm/ portal/ server. pt/ gateway/ PTARGS_0_0_1637_0_0_43/ http;/ ptpublisher. gov.
bm;7087/ publishedcontent/ publish/ ministry_of_labour_home_affairs_and_public_safety/ registry_general/
dept___reg_gen___intellectual_property_registration_links/ articles/ copyright. html#How long does copyright last?) from Bermuda
Government website.
[62] Art. 7, Berne Convention(1)
[63] Art. 7(6), ibid.
[64] Art. 7(2), ibid.
[65] Art. 7(3), ibid.
[66] Art. 7(4), ibid.
[67] Art. 7(5), ibid.
[68] s. 18, Copyright Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2001 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/
bh_copyright_2001_en. pdf?URL_ID=30260& filename=11417457243bh_copyright_2001_en. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf&
filesize=276334& name=bh_copyright_2001_en. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[69] Art. 18, Ley No 1322 de 13 de abril de 1992 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ es/ bo/ bo005es. html)
[70] Art. 84, Law on Copyright and Related Rights (7/02) (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/
ba_copyright_2002_en. pdf?URL_ID=30314& filename=11420064663ba_copyright_2002_en. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf&
filesize=590098& name=ba_copyright_2002_en. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[71] Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act, Act No. 8 of 2000
[72] Art. 41, Law no 9610 of 19 February 1998 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ br/ br002en. html)
[73] s. 14, Emergency (Copyright) Order 1999 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/ bn_copyright_1999_en.
pdf?URL_ID=30258& filename=11417451633bn_copyright_1999_en. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf& filesize=658383&
name=bn_copyright_1999_en. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[74] Art. 27, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights, last changed in 2007 (http:/ / lex. bg/ laws/ ldoc. php?IDNA=2133094401)
[75] Art. 34, Loi N032-99AN portant protection de la proprit littraire et artistique (http:/ / www. culture. gov. bf/ Site_Ministere/ textes/
reglementation/ loi_bbda13. htm)
[76] Art. 30, Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 2003 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/
kh_copyright_2003_en. pdf?URL_ID=30386& filename=11424219213kh_copyright_2003_en. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf&
filesize=450733& name=kh_copyright_2003_en. pdf& location=user-S/ )
13

[77] Art. 37, Loi no 2000/011 du 19 dcembre 2000 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ cm/ cm001en. html)
[78] s. 6, Copyright Act (R.S., 1985, c. C-42) (http:/ / laws. justice. gc. ca/ en/ showdoc/ cs/ C-42/ );
s. 7, S.C. 1997, c. 24
[79] Art. 19, Lei no. 101/III/90 de 29 de dezembro de 1990 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/
cv_copyright_1990_pt. pdf?URL_ID=30429& filename=11425222003cv_copyright_1990_pt. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf&
filesize=1428893& name=cv_copyright_1990_pt. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[80] Art. 3, Law 19914 implementing free trade agreement with the US (2003) (http:/ / www. aduana. cl/ prontus_aduana/ site/ artic/ 20070215/
asocfile/ 20070215102245/ asocfile420050614180226. pdf)
[81] Art. 21, first paragraph, Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ cn/ cn001en. html)
[82] Art. 21, second and third paragraphs, ibid.
[83] Art. 21, Ley 23 de 1982 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ co/ co012en. html)
[84] Art. 28, ibid.
[85] Art. 58, Ley de Derechos de Autor y Derechos Conexos (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ cr/ cr001en. html) modified by the Ley
7979 del 6 del enero del 2000
[86] Art. 45(1), Loi no. 96-564 du 25 juillet 1996 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ ci/ ci001en. html)
[87] Art. 45(3)(a), (b), (c), ibid.
[88] Art. 45, ibid.
[89] Art. 99, Copyright and Related Rights Act 197/2003 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/ hr_copyright_2003_en.
pdf?URL_ID=30311& filename=11420042713hr_copyright_2003_en. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf& filesize=1058674&
name=hr_copyright_2003_en. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[90] s. 4, Copyright Law 1976 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ cy/ cy001en. html)
[91] Art. 27(1), Law No. 121/2000 Coll. (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ cz/ cz029en. html)
[92] Art. 27(3), Law No. 121/2000 Coll. (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ cz/ cz029en. html)
[93] Art. 27(7), ibid.
[94] s. 63, [----- (http:/ / www.
).dk/graphics/[-----]/downloads/Lovgivning/Lovgivning_Engelsk_site/Consolidated%20Act%20on%20Copyright%202006.pdf Consolidated
Act on Copyright 2006]
[95] Art. 59, Loi n114/AN/96/3e L relatif la protection du droit d'auteur (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/
dj_copyright_1996_fr. pdf?URL_ID=30424& filename=11425179913dj_copyright_1996_fr. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf&
filesize=190307& name=dj_copyright_1996_fr. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[96] Art. 62, ibid.
[97] Art. 63, ibid.
[98] Art. 65, ibid.
[99] s. 11, Copyright Act 2003 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ pdf/ en/ dm/ dm008en. pdf)
[100] Art. 21, Ley sobre Derecho de Autor del 24 de julio de 2000 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/
dm_copyright_2000_es. pdf?URL_ID=30446& filename=11425917653dm_copyright_2000_es. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf&
filesize=695287& name=dm_copyright_2000_es. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[101] Art. 80, Ley No 83 de Propiedad Intelectual (1998) (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ ec/ ec001en. html)
[102] Art. 160, Law on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ pdf/ en/ eg/ eg001en. pdf)
[103] Art. 86, Decreto Legislativo No. 604 del 15 de julio de 1993 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ sv/ sv001en. html)
[104] 38(1), Edition of the Copyright Act effective since 01.01.2009 (https:/ / www. riigiteataja. ee/ ert/ act. jsp?id=13107327) (Estonian);
First enacted on 11.11.1992 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ ee/ ee001en. html)
[105] 40, ibid.
[106] 43, ibid.
[107] Wondwossen Belete (2004), The Intellectual Property System in Ethiopia, Ethiopian Intellectual Property Office, Addis Ababa, December
2004; see also (http:/ / yacob. org/ papers/ DanielYacob-TALN2005. pdf)
[108] Art. 1 (1), Directive 2006/116/EC (http:/ / eur-lex. europa. eu/ LexUriServ/ LexUriServ. do?uri=CELEX:32006L0116:EN:NOT)
[109] Art. 1 (3), (6), ibid.
[110] Copyright Act 1999 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/ fj_copyright_1999_en. pdf?URL_ID=30383&
filename=11424205153fj_copyright_1999_en. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf& filesize=572007& name=fj_copyright_1999_en. pdf&
location=user-S/ )
[111] Art. 43, Law No. 404/1961, as amended by Law No. 1654/1995 (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20071220004644/ http:/ / www. wipo. int/
clea/ docs_new/ en/ fi/ fi054en. html)
[112] Arts. 46, 48, Copyright, Act, 08/07/1961 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ en/ text_html. jsp?lang=EN& id=1512)
[113] Art. 49a, ibid.
[114] Art. 43, ibid.
[115] An audiovisual work is copyrighted in France for the same term, computed from the last surviving person among the following: the author
of the scenario, the author of the dialogue, the author of the musical compositions, with or without words, specially composed for the work
and the main director.
14

[116] Arts. L123-1, L123-2, Code de la proprit intellectuelle (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ fr/ fr062en. html)
[117] Judgement No. 280 of February 27, 2007 Court of Cassation - First Civil Chamber 04-12138 (http:/ / translate. google. com/
translate?js=y& prev=_t& hl=en& ie=UTF-8& layout=1& eotf=1& u=http:/ / www. courdecassation. fr/ jurisprudence_2/
premiere_chambre_civile_568/ arret_no_9940. html& sl=fr& tl=en)
[118] Art. L123-8, ibid.
[119] Art. L123-9, ibid.
[120] Art. L123-10, ibid.
[121] Art. L123-3, ibid.
[122] Art. L123-4, ibid.
[123] Arts. L123-1, L123-3, L123-4, ibid., but not Arts. L123-8 or, L123-9,
[124] Copyright Act 1956 (p)
[125] Art. 31, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 22 June 1999 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ ge/ ge001en. html)
[126] 64 Urheberrechtsgesetz (http:/ / www. gesetze-im-internet. de/ urhg/ __64. html), as amended by the Law of 17 December 2008
[127] 71 Urheberrechtsgesetz (http:/ / www. gesetze-im-internet. de/ urhg/ __71. html)
[128] 69 Urheberrechtsgesetz (http:/ / www. gesetze-im-internet. de/ urhg/ __69. html)
[129] Art. 12, Copyright Act, 2005 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/ gh_copyright_2005_en.
pdf?URL_ID=30226& filename=11416586343gh_copyright_2005_en. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf& filesize=526153&
name=gh_copyright_2005_en. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[130] An audiovisual work is copyrighted in Greece for the same term, computed from the last of the following persons to survive: the principal
director, the author of the screenplay, the author of the dialogue and the composer of the music specifically created for use in the audiovisual
work.
[131] Arts. 29, 31(3), Law 2121/1993 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ en/ files/ 37873/ 122217373612121_93_english[1]. pdf/
2121_93_english[1]. pdf)
[132] Art. 31(1), ibid.
[133] Arts. 29, 31, ibid.
[134] Copyright Act, dated 3 February 1989
[135] Art. 43, Decreto No. 33-98 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ es/ gt/ gt002es. html), as modified by Art. 13, Decreto No. 56-2000
[136] Arts. 44, 45, 47, ibid.
[137] Art. 48, ibid.
[138] Copyright Act 1956
[139] Decree of January 9, 1968, relating to Copyright in Literary, Scientific and Artistic Works
[140] Art. 44, Law on Copyright and Related Rights (http:/ / www. cerlalc. org/ derechoenlinea/ dar/ leyes_reglamentos/ Honduras/
Decreto_499E. htm)
[141] Art. 30, Decreto Ley 16 2006: Implementacin del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre la Repblica Dominicana, Centroamrica y Estados
Unidos (http:/ / www. cerlalc. org/ derechoenlinea/ dar/ leyes_reglamentos/ Honduras/ Ley_16. htm)
[142] The Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau have their own status, distinct from that of the rest of China, under
international copyright and trade law
[143] s. 17(2), Copyright Ordinance (Cap. 528) (http:/ / www. legislation. gov. hk/ blis_ind. nsf/ e1bf50c09a33d3dc482564840019d2f4/
8c9a7f494889b108482564dc002d834b?OpenDocument)
[144] s. 19, ibid. Computed from the last of the following persons with known identity to survive: (a) the principal director; (b) the author of the
screenplay; (c) the author of the dialogue; or (d) the composer of music specially created for and used in the film.
[145] s. 17(3), ibid.
[146] s. 18, ibid. (http:/ / www. legislation. gov. hk/ blis_ind. nsf/ e1bf50c09a33d3dc482564840019d2f4/
030b254b74b93f07482564dc002e0711?OpenDocument)
[147] s. 20, ibid.
[148] s. 21, ibid.
[149] s. 17, 18, 20, 21, ibid.
[150] Art. 31, Act No. LXXVI of 1999 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ hu/ hu035en. html)
[151] Art. 43, Act No. 73/1972, as amended by Art. 4, Act No. 145/1996 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ is/ is047en. html)
[152] See also Copyright in India (http:/ / copyright. gov. in/ handbook. htm).
[153] Literary, dramatic, musical, and non-photograph artistic works.
[154] s. 22, Copyright Act, 1957 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ in/ in007en. html)
[155] s. 24, s. 25, s. 26, s. 27, s. 28A, s. 29, ibid.
[156] s. 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28A, 29, ibid.
[157] Art. 29, Law No. 19 of 2002 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/ id_copyright_2002_en.
pdf?URL_ID=30382& filename=11424187703id_copyright_2002_en. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf& filesize=162571&
name=id_copyright_2002_en. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[158] Art. 12, Copyright Law of 12 January 1970 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/ ir_copyright_1970_en.
pdf?URL_ID=30380& filename=11424169773ir_copyright_1970_en. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf& filesize=21603&
15

name=ir_copyright_1970_en. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[159] Art. 16, ibid.
[160] s. 2(11), Coalition Provisional Authority Order No. 2004/83 (http:/ / www. cpa-iraq. org/ regulations/
20040501_CPAORD_83_Amendment_to_the_Copyright_Law. pdf)
[161] s. 24, Copyright and Related Rights Act, 2000 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ ie/ ie098en. html)
[162] Post-2007: Israeli Copyright Act of 2007 http:/ / www. tau. ac. il/ law/ members/ birnhack/ IsraeliCopyrightAct2007. pdf | Pre-2007:
Crown Law: Art. 5(4), Copyright Ordinance 1924 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ il/ il014en. html)
Crown Law: Art. 21, Copyright, Act (Consolidation), 16/12/1911 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ en/ details. jsp?id=2376)
Crown Law: Art. 5(3), Copyright Ordinance 1924 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ il/ il014en. html)
[165] Art. 25, Law No. 633 of 22 April 1941 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ it/ it112en. html), as amended by Art. 17, Law No. 52
of 6 February 1996
[166] Art. 27, ibid.
[167] s. 25, s. 32ter, ibid.
[168] s. 10, Copyright Act 1993 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ jm/ jm001en. html)
[169] Art. 51(2), Law No. 48 of 6 May 1970 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ jp/ jp001en. html), as amended in 2006
[170] Art. 54(1), ibid.
[171] Art. 53(1), ibid.
[172] Art. 57, ibid.
[173] Art. 30, Law No. 22 of 1992 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ jo/ jo001en. html), as amended
[174] Art. 28, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 1996 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/
kz_copyright_1996_en. pdf?URL_ID=30379& filename=11424145143kz_copyright_1996_en. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf&
filesize=336085& name=kz_copyright_1996_en. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[175] s. 23(2)1, Copyright Act, 2001 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/ ke_copyright_2001_en.
pdf?URL_ID=30229& filename=11416612103ke_copyright_2001_en. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf& filesize=428054&
name=ke_copyright_2001_en. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[176] s. 23(2), ibid.
[177] s. 23, ibid.
[178] Copyright Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, discussed at: Paul Karl Lukacs (3 August 2007). "Everything Youve Ever
Wanted To Know About the North Korean Copyright Act" (http:/ / nomadlaw. com/ 2007/ 08/
everything-youve-ever-wanted-know-about-north-korean-copyright-act/ ). The Nomad Lawyer. . Retrieved 24 May 2011.
[179] Art. 36, Copyright Act of 30 December 1989 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ kr/ kr001en. html)
[180] Art. 38, ibid.
[181] Art. 40, ibid.
[182] | Decree Law No. 64 of 1999 concerning Intellectual Property Rights
[183] Art. 27, Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 16 December 1997 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ kg/ kg001en. html)
[184] http:/ / www. iipa. com/ rbc/ 2007/ 2007SPEC301LAOS. pdf
[185] Art. 36, Copyright Law of 6 April 2000 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ lv/ lv017en. html)
[186] Art. 28, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 11 May 1993
[187] Art. 37(2), Copyright Law of 6 April 2000
[188] Art. 49, Loi sur la protection de la proprit littraire et artistique (no. 75 du 3 avril 1999) (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ lb/
lb001en. html)
[189] Art. 32, Law of 19 May 1999 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ li/ li037en. html)
[Art. 36, Law of 26 October 1928 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ fr/ li/ li001fr. html)
[190] Art. 34, Law No. IX-1355 (2003) (http:/ / www. cipr. org/ legal_reference/ countries/ litva/ Lithuania_Copyright_ENG_2003. pdf)
[Art. 536, Civil Code as modified by Law No. I-459 (1994) (http:/ / www3. lrs. lt/ pls/ inter3/ dokpaieska. showdoc_l?p_id=24740)
[191] Art. 9, Law of 18 April 2001 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ fr/ lu/ lu042fr. html)
[Art. 2, Law of 29 March 1972]
[192] Art. 21(1), Decree-Law 43/99/M of August 16, 1999 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ mo/ mo001en. html)
[193] Art. 23, ibid.
[194] Art. 106, ibid.
[195] Arts. 148 & 155, ibid.
[196] Art. 21(3), ibid.
[197] Art. 44, Law on Copyright and Related Rights No. 47/96 (http:/ / www. mlrc. org. mk/ law/ l023. htm) as amended
[198] Art. 52, Loi no. 94-036 portant sur la proprit littraire et artistique (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/
mg_copyright_1995_fr. pdf?URL_ID=30419& filename=11425161843mg_copyright_1995_fr. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf&
filesize=403839& name=mg_copyright_1995_fr. pdf& location=user-S/ )
16

[199] s. 13, Copyright Act, 1989 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/ mw_copyright_2001_en.
htm?URL_ID=30230& filename=11416632193mw_copyright_2001_en. htm& filetype=text/ html& filesize=109150&
name=mw_copyright_2001_en. htm& location=user-S/ )
[200] s. 17, Copyright Act 1987 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ pdf/ en/ my/ my010en. pdf)
[201] Art. 90, Loi No. 8426/AN-RM (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/ ml_copyright_1984_fr.
pdf?URL_ID=30418& filename=11425158083ml_copyright_1984_fr. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf& filesize=418083&
name=ml_copyright_1984_fr. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[202] s. 4(2), Copyright Act, 2000 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ mt/ mt001en. html)
[203] UNESCO Culture Sector (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ en/ ev. php-URL_ID=27765& URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&
URL_SECTION=201. html)
[204] s. 12, Copyright Act 1997 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ pdf/ en/ mu/ mu005en. pdf)
[205] Art. 29, Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor (2003) (http:/ / www. diputados. gob. mx/ LeyesBiblio/ pdf/ 122. pdf)
[206] Art. 29, Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor (1996) (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ mx/ mx003en. html)
[207] 113, Federated States of Micronesia Code, Title 35 (http:/ / www. fsmlaw. org/ fsm/ code/ title35/ T35_Ch01. htm)
[208] Art. 17, Law No. 293-XIII of 23 November 1994 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/ md_copyright_2004_en.
pdf?URL_ID=30270& filename=11418326533md_copyright_2004_en. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf& filesize=477609&
name=md_copyright_2004_en. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[209] Art. 17, Law on Copyright of 1993 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ mn/ mn003en. html)
[210] Montenegro is assumed to have succeeded to the copyright obligations of Serbia and Montenegro. See Serbia also.
[211] Art. 100, Law on Copyright and Related Rights (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/ cs_copyright_2005_en.
pdf?URL_ID=30269& filename=11418322263cs_copyright_2005_en. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf& filesize=212474&
name=cs_copyright_2005_en. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[212] Art. 25, Loi no. 2-00 relative aux droits dauteur et droits voisins (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ ma/ ma003en. html)
[213] Art. 22, Law No. 4/2001 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ mz/ mz002en. html)
[214] s. 3(2)(a), Copyright Act 98 of 1978, as amended by s. 3, Act 52 of 1984, s. 3, Act 125 of 1992 and by s. 52, Act 38 of 1997 (http:/ / portal.
unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/ na_copyright_1997_en. pdf?URL_ID=30232&
filename=11417290793na_copyright_1997_en. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf& filesize=166426& name=na_copyright_1997_en. pdf&
location=user-S/ )
[215] s. 3(2)(a), ibid.
[216] s. 3(2)(b), ibid.
[217] s. 3, ibid.
[218] "The Copyright Act, 2059 (2002)" (http:/ / www. nepalcopyright. gov. np/ pdf/ The Copyright Act. pdf). Government of Nepal, Ministry of
Federal Affairs, Constituent Assembly, Parliamentary Affairs and Culture. . Retrieved 25 April 2011.
[219] Including the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba: although Dutch adhesion to the Berne convention only applies to the Kingdom in Europe,
membership of the WTO includes the overseas territories
[220] Art. 37, Copyright Act, 1912 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ nl/ nl001en. html), as amended by the Acts of 21 December
1995
[221] Art. 38, Copyright Act, 1912 (http:/ / www. ivir. nl/ legislation/ nl/ copyrightact. html), as amended by the Acts of 21 December 1995
[222] s. 22(1), Copyright Act 1994 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ nz/ nz015en. html)
[223] s. 22(2), ibid.
[224] s. 22, ibid.
[225] Art. 27, Ley de Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos (No. 312) (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ es/ ni/ ni001es. html)
[226] Art. 22, Ordinance 93-027 of 30 March 1993 on copyright, related rights and expressions of folklore
[227] Schedule I, Copyright Act (Cap. 68) 1990 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ ng/ ng001en. html)
[228] s. 40, Act No. 2 of 12 May 1961 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ no/ no005en. html)
[229] Art. 7, Royal Decree 37-2000 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ om/ om001en. html)
[230] s. 18, Copyright Ordinance, 1962 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ pk/ pk005en. html)
[231] s. 16, Republic of Palau Copyright Act of 2003 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/ pw_copyright_2003_en.
pdf?URL_ID=30344& filename=11422608793pw_copyright_2003_en. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf& filesize=231005&
name=pw_copyright_2003_en. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[232] Art. 42, Ley No. 15 de 8 de agosto de 1994 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ pa/ pa001en. html)
[233] s. 17, Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act 2000 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/
pg_copyright_2002_en. pdf?URL_ID=30337& filename=11422589723pg_copyright_2002_en. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf&
filesize=391605& name=pg_copyright_2002_en. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[234] Art. 47, Ley No. 1328/98 de Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ py/ py001en. html)
[235] Art. 52, Decreto legislativo 822 del 23 de abril de 1996 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ pe/ pe003en. html)
[236] s. 213.1, Intellectual Property Code (http:/ / www. congress. gov. ph/ download/ ra_10/ RA08293. pdf)
[237] s. 213.5, ibid.
[238] s. 214, ibid.
17

[239] Art. 36, Law of February 4, 1994, on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights (http:/ / www. mkidn. gov. pl/ cps/ rde/ xbcr/ mkid/
act_on_copyright. pdf), as amended by the Law of 22 July 2000
[240] Art. 31, Code of Copyright and Related Rights (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ pt/ pt001en. html), as amended by Decree Law
No. 334/97 of 27 November 1997
[241] s. 15, Law No. 7 of 2002 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ qa/ qa001en. html)
[242] Art. 27, Law No. 8 of March 14, 1996 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ ro/ ro007en. html)
[243] Article 1281 of Civil Code (http:/ / www. consultant. ru/ popular/ gkrf4/ )
[244] Article 6 of Federal Law 231, (http:/ / base. garant. ru/ 12151067/ #6)
[245] s. 10, Copyright Act, 1995 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ pdf/ en/ lc/ lc002en. pdf)
[246] Copyright Act, 2003 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/ vc_copyright_2003_en. PDF?URL_ID=30444&
filename=11425886943vc_copyright_2003_en. PDF& filetype=application/ pdf& filesize=333544& name=vc_copyright_2003_en. PDF&
location=user-S/ )
[247] s. 9(1), ibid.
[248] s. 8(4), ibid.
[249] s. 10(1), ibid.
[250] s. 8, 9, 10, ibid.
[251] Copyright Act 1998 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ wipolex/ en/ text. jsp?file_id=179610)
[252] Royal Decree No: M/41 2nd Rajab 1424 H August 30, 2003 (http:/ / www. sagia. gov. sa/ english/ uploads/ Reports / Copyright Law_2. 3.
5. pdf)
[253] Serbia is deemed to be a successor state of Serbia and Montenegro, which itself was a successor state to Yugoslavia for international
copyright treaties, notably the Berne Convention, effective 17 June 1930
[254] s. 9(1)(i), Copyright Act, revised edition 1991 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/ sc_copyright_1991_en.
pdf?URL_ID=30416& filename=11425090543sc_copyright_1991_en. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf& filesize=466060&
name=sc_copyright_1991_en. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[255] s. 9(1)(ii), (v), ibid.
[256] s. 9(1)(iv), ibid.
[257] See also the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore (http:/ / www. ipos. gov. sg/ leftNav/ cop/ Ownership+ and+ Rights. htm).
[258] Literary, dramatic or musical work, or in an artistic work other than a photograph
[259] s. 28(2), Copyright Act (http:/ / statutes. agc. gov. sg/ )
[260] s. 28(3), (6), ibid.
[261] s. 92, 93, ibid.
[262] s. 94, 95, ibid.
[263] s. 96, ibid.
[264] s. 28, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, ibid.
[265] 21, Law on Copyright and Rights Related to Copyright (Copyright Act) No. 618/2003 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ en/ details.
jsp?id=3752)
[266] Art. 59, Copyright and Related Rights Act of 30 March 1995 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ si/ si001en. html)
[267] s. 3, Copyright Act (Ch. 138) (http:/ / www. paclii. org/ sb/ legis/ consol_act/ ca133/ )
[268] s. 3(2)(a), Copyright Act, 1978 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ wipolex/ en/ details. jsp?id=4067)
[269] s. 3(2)(c), (d), (e), (f), ibid.
[270] Art. 26, (http:/ / www. mcu. es/ propiedadInt/ docs/ RDLegislativo_1_1996. pdf)
[271] s. 19(1), Code of Intellectual Property Act No. 52 of 1979 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ lk/ lk001en. html)
[272] s. 19(4), ibid.
[273] s. 19(5), ibid.
[274] s. 19(6), ibid.
[275] s. 13(2), Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Protection Act 1996 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ sd/ sd001en. html)
[276] s. 13(3)(a), (c), ibid.
[277] Copyright Act No. 36 of 1912
[278] Art. 43, Act 1960:729 (https:/ / lagen. nu/ 1960:729), as modified by Act 1995:1273
[279] Art. 29 Urheberrechtgesetz (http:/ / www. admin. ch/ ch/ d/ sr/ c231_1. html)/ Loi sur le droit dauteur (http:/ / www. admin. ch/ ch/ f/ rs/
c231_1. html) par. 2
[280] BGE 124 III 266 (http:/ / www. servat. unibe. ch/ dfr/ c3124266. html)
[281] Art. 39, Urheberrechtgesetz (http:/ / www. admin. ch/ ch/ d/ sr/ c231_1. html)/ Loi sur le droit dauteur (http:/ / www. admin. ch/ ch/ f/ rs/
c231_1. html)
[282] Art. 32, ibid.
[283] Art. 22, Law No. 12/2001 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/ sy_copyright_2001_en. pdf?URL_ID=30397&
filename=11424371293sy_copyright_2001_en. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf& filesize=68822& name=sy_copyright_2001_en. pdf&
location=user-S/ )
[284] Art. 25, ibid.
18

[285] Art. 30, Copyright Act (http:/ / law. moj. gov. tw/ Eng/ LawClass/ LawAll. aspx?PCode=J0070017)
[286] Arts. 33, 34, ibid.
[287] Art. 30, ibid.
[288] Art. 35, ibid.
[289] s. 14, Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act, 1999 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/
tz_copyright_1999_en. pdf?URL_ID=30235& filename=11417323283tz_copyright_1999_en. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf&
filesize=590164& name=tz_copyright_1999_en. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[290] s. 19, Copyright Act, B.E. 2537 (1994) (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ th/ th001en. html)
[291] Art. 36, Loi no. 91-12 portant protection du droit d'auteur, du folklore et des droits voisins (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/
file_download. php/ tg_copyright_1991_fr. pdf?URL_ID=30414& filename=11425072893tg_copyright_1991_fr. pdf& filetype=application/
pdf& filesize=406706& name=tg_copyright_1991_fr. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[292] s. 13, Copyright Act (Cap. 121) (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/ to_copyright_1988_en.
pdf?URL_ID=30403& filename=11424990073to_copyright_1988_en. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf& filesize=464691&
name=to_copyright_1988_en. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[293] s. 19, Copyright Act, 1997 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ tt/ tt0032en. html)
[294] Art. 18, Loi no. 94-36 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ fr/ tn/ tn022fr. html)
[295] Art. 27, Law No. 5846 of 5 December 1951 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ tr/ tr001en. html)
[296] Art. 1094, Civil Code of Turkmenistan (http:/ / www. medialaw. ru/ publications/ books/ book46/ 11. html)
[297] Art. 28, Law of Ukraine on Copyright and Related Rights, 1993 with amendments 2004 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ pdf/ en/
ua/ ua005en. pdf)
[298] s. 20, Federal Law No. 7 of 2002 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ ae/ ae001en. html)
[299] s. 12, Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (http:/ / www. hmso. gov. uk/ acts/ acts1988/ Ukpga_19880048_en_1. htm), as amended by
s. 5, Duration of Copyright and Rights in Performances Regulations 1995 (http:/ / www. opsi. gov. uk/ si/ si1995/ Uksi_19953297_en_1. htm)
[300] http:/ / www. macworld. co. uk/ news/ index. cfm?RSS& newsID=16577
[301] s. 12, 13, ibid.
[302] See also Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States (http:/ / www. copyright. cornell. edu/ public_domain/ ) by Peter B.
Hirtle.
[303] 17 U.S.C. 302 (http:/ / www. law. cornell. edu/ uscode/ 17/ 302. html)(a)
[304] 17 U.S.C. 302 (http:/ / www. law. cornell. edu/ uscode/ 17/ 302. html)(c)
[305] 17 U.S.C. 304 (http:/ / www. law. cornell. edu/ uscode/ 17/ 304. html)
[306] 17 U.S.C. 305 (http:/ / www. law. cornell. edu/ uscode/ 17/ 305. html)
[307] Article IV 2(a), Universal Copyright Convention
[308] Article IV 2(a), ibid.
[309] Article IV 3, ibid.
[310] Art. 14, Law on Copyright No. 9.739 of 17 December 1937 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/
uy_copyright_2003_es. pdf?URL_ID=30443& filename=11425879563uy_copyright_2003_es. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf&
filesize=323157& name=uy_copyright_2003_es. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[311] Art. 38, Law No. 272-I of 30 August 1996
[312] N. XII. Legge sil diritto di autore (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/ va_copyright_1960_it.
pdf?URL_ID=30483& filename=11430217273va_copyright_1960_it. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf& filesize=85982&
name=va_copyright_1960_it. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[313] Art. 25, Ley sobre el Dercho de Autor as modified by the Decreto del 14 de agosto de 1993 (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/
ve/ ve010en. html)
[314] Arts. 25, 26, 27, ibid.
[315] s. 12, Copyright and Performance Rights Act, 1994 (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ admin/ file_download. php/
zm_copyright_1994_en. pdf?URL_ID=30413& filename=11425068613zm_copyright_1994_en. pdf& filetype=application/ pdf&
filesize=339255& name=zm_copyright_1994_en. pdf& location=user-S/ )
[316] Literary, dramatic, and musical works; non-photograph artistic works.
[317] s. 5(3), 6(3)(a), Copyright Act (Chapter 26:1) (http:/ / www. wipo. int/ clea/ docs_new/ en/ zw/ zw001en. html)
[318] s. 6(3)(b), ibid.
[319] s. 16(2), ibid.
[320] s. 17(2), s. 18(2), ibid.
[321] s. 6, 16, 17, 18, ibid.
19
External links
Summary of copyright terms (http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/okbooks.html#whatpd) in various
countries, with links to summaries or copies of national laws
UNESCO Collection of National Copyright Laws (http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.
php-URL_ID=14076&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html) with links to the official
documentation for most listed countries
The duration of copyright in various countries (http://www.caslon.com.au/durationprofile.htm)
20
Article Sources and Contributors
Article Sources and Contributors

List of countries' copyright length Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=430698075 Contributors: Abdull, Addshore, Ans, ArnoldReinhold, BomBom, Brianjd, ChaTo, Custodiet
ipsos custodes, Desch1986, Donarreiskoffer, Dylan Stafne, Dzsi, Eastlaw, EnDumEn, Enon, Gaius Cornelius, Geni, GentlemanGhost, George2001hi, Gert7, Ggeldenhuys, GoingBatty, Great
Cthulhu, Groyolo, HalfShadow, Helium4, Hroulf, Htonl, Icedog, Ihatepotsmokinghippies, ImperfectlyInformed, Jaqen, JasonAQuest, Jinxmchue, Jklamo, John Vandenberg, Jonkerz, Jusjih,
Karrattul, Kippi70, Kjkolb, LeSein, Logictheo, Lquilter, Magog the Ogre, Mardus, Mindmatrix, Moondyne, Oneiros, Pakaraki, Paulvermillion, Prince Kassad, Pugetbill, Quadell, Quinnanya,
Radikkkal, Rl, Rmhermen, Rudoleska, Ruedi-germany, Rwendland, SYSS Mouse, SasiSasi, ShaunMacPherson, Shreevatsa, Sole Soul, Spoon, Stalfur, Tetraminoe, TheExtraEditor, Tlozano,
TomS TDotO, VadimVMog, Valentinian, Very trivial, Whispering, WikHead, Woohookitty, Wyrons, ZayZayEM, Zinoviev, Zscout370, , 56 anonymous edits
License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
http:/ / creativecommons. org/ licenses/ by-sa/ 3. 0/
21

List of Countries&#39; Copyright Length

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

List of Countries&#39; Copyright Length

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

List of countries' copyright length