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opamp is lm324
IC1 b and c provide non-inverting buffers (each with a gain of 1) so that the filters R3/C1 and
R4/C2 are loaded only by the extremely high impedance of the op amp input. While the output of
the circuit could be taken from the junction of R5/C3, this point has a high impedance and is
therefore not able to drive any low impedance load.
than that in Fig.3.1.4, due to its use of low pass filters, the frequency of oscillation for Fig. 3.1.4
and Fig. 3.1.5 must be calculated differently.
Although both oscillators use the same values for R and C (10K & 10nF), the BJT version
shown in Fig. 3.1.4 has its frequency is calculated as:
However, because the op amp version in Fig. 3.1.5 uses low pass filters, a change in formula is
needed: