Analysis and Design of Tee-Beam Sections

Effective flange width of the compression zone

3b

How to design when neutral axis is within the flange ?

How to design when neutral axis is beneath the flange ?
Evolution of stress block with different applied moment on
beam section
Design procedure for a general Tee-beam section
Steel curtailment (recommended steel detailing) for a
beam in general
Usual steel bar sizes for different RC components
1

Analysis and Design of Tee-Beam Sections

3b

Flanged section effective flange width

effective flange
width
bf
slab thickness

hf

neutralaxis
neutral axis

0.567f
0.45f
cuck

s=0.9x
s=0.8x

s/2

Fcc
z

As
beam
width

Fst
bw

Section

Stress Block

Note that the slab and the beam rib are monolithic.
If the slab and the lower rectangular section are separated, then To

back
2

Analysis and Design of Tee-Beam Sections

3b

Effective flange width - Cl 5.2.1.2 of Concrete2013

Effective flange width is meaningful for both regions with sagging
and hogging bending moments (flange may be found at top and
bottom of beam).

BM diagram

Analysis and Design of Tee-Beam Sections

Cl. 5.2.1.2(a)
The effective flange width bf for a T beam or L beam may
be taken as:
2

3b

b f beff ,i bw
i 1

with i=1 or 2 for two sides of beam, and

and

beff ,i 0.2bi 0.1l pi 0.2l pi

beff ,i bi

Analysis and Design of Tee-Beam Sections

3b

Flanged sections neutral axis within flange

Cross-section under applied moment M,

0.567f
0.45f
cuck

bf

hf

neutralaxis

s=0.9x
s=0.8x

neutral axis

Fill with
brittle
material
with
zero
mass

As

Fill with
brittle
material
with
zero
mass

bw

Section

s/2

Fcc
z

Fst
Now it behaves like a
rectangular section of width
bf !!!

Stress Block

To
5

Analysis and Design of Tee-Beam Sections

3b

.
0
3 ?
n
u o
c i
f
t
,
c
0
e
6 s
4 s
s
y o
f
, r
2 c
f
m o
m e
0 c
7 n
4 a
1 s
t
= i
ss
A e
r
, f
0
5 o
t
1 n
= e
h fm
, o
0
0 m
8 e
= h
b ft
s
, i
0
2 t
4 a
= h
d W

Flanged sections neutral axis within flange (Ex 4.5)

Given data
500

Fs
=
c
Fc

Assume
stress block

5
.
4
0
5 5
1
0
A s7
0
f y4 0
7 1 85
.
8
.
0 00
0
6 36
s 4 9
5
.
b f7 4
0
u8 . /
. 0s
fc
5 0
4
.
s x
0

59.2

.
d
e
d
l
e
i
y
s
a
h
l
e
e
t
s
n
o
i
s
n
e
t
s
e
i
l
p
m
i

5
.
0

Also

500

65.8

before concrete
crushes
The assumed stress block
arrangement is all right !

Analysis and Design of Tee-Beam Sections

3b
g
n
i
d
i
v
o
r
p
n
e
h
w
d
e
d
l
e
i
y
e
v
a
h
r
a
b
l
e
e
t
s
e
h
t
e
r
o
f
e
r
e
h
T

Therefore the steel bars have

yielded when providing the
maximum tension force.

.
e
c
r
o
f
m
u
m
i
x
a
m
e
h
t

m
m
3
9
3
=
2
/
5
.
4
5
0
2
4
=
2
/
s
d
=
z
5
c4
.
F c0
=
M

0
1
3
9
3
5
.
4
5
r
0om
0
N
z 8
k
s
1
; 3
b f0 m
u3 N 2
z fc
5k
1 z
4 3
.
0
2 T
=
M

59.2/2 = 390.4 mm

59.2x 390.4
x 10-6
249.6 kNm
OR
249.6 kNm
Ans.
7

Analysis and Design of Tee-Beam Sections

3b

Flanged sections neutral axis below flange

Cross-section under applied moment M,

Fcf

z1

Fst=As*0.87fy

Fst1

Fcw

z2

Fst2

Resisting Moment
Couples

How to find the steel area As required for a given applied moment ?
To
- refer to the design procedure below.

Analysis and Design of Tee-Beam Sections

Design procedure

Firstly assume a
rectangular beam
section bfh.

3b

where M is the design ultimate moment

assumed to
consist of
brittle
material only

Check x < slab thickness

d-z
x
0.45

If N.A. lies within the flange depth, the assumption of a rectangular

beam is valid and the above calculations can be retained. Then,
f

Analysis and Design of Tee-Beam Sections

3b
3. If N.A. lies in the web, the assumption of a rectangular
beam is incorrect and the above calculation is not valid.
The beam is designed as if consisting of two components.

Flange component
provides ultimate
moment of
resistance Muf from
concrete section
Steel area As = Asf + Asw

Web component
provides the rest of
the required moment
resistance (M-Muf)
10

Analysis and Design of Tee-Beam Sections

Muf

3b

b or bf
Fcf
z1
Fst1

It is a constant for a
given cross-section
and fcu

from Muf =T x z

Back
11

Analysis and Design of Tee-Beam Sections

(M
- Muf)by a rectangular section)
(provided

3b

bw

Check
the K factor ,
K

M we
M ufhave covered the design
Up to now,
K
of beam
f bwith
d 2 tension steel only !!!
cu w

12

Analysis and Design of Tee-Beam Sections

K

3b

is needed

To

13

Analysis and Design of Tee-Beam Sections

and x=0.5d is kept
(Rectangular concrete web section will provide Muw)

3b

The moment capacity of the web section is the Ultimate

moment resistance of the rectangular section with x=0.5d,
Fsc

Compression Asc
and tension As
assuming
d/x<0.38
As

z2

Fs

Remember to check
d/x<0.38 to ensure
yielding of
compression steel
Tensile steel stress
remains at 0.87fy

14

Evolution
of Concrete
Block with Moment
of Resistance
Analysis
andCompressive
Design of Tee-Beam
Sections
for Design Flange Beam Section - I

3b

increasing applied bending moment on section

(a)

(b)

x<0.5d

max. block
from flange (c)

x<0.5d

Resisting couples:
Fcc

Fst

Fcc

=
x<0.5d

Rectangular
beam
design

flange ---component

Muf

x<0.5d

Web
component
Fcf

Fcc

+
Fst1

Fst

Rect.
beam

Fst2
back

z={0.5+(0.25-K/0.9)}d
and z<0.95d

z=d-0.5hf

z=d-0.5hf

z=d-0.5s

15

Evolution
of Concrete
Block with Moment
of Resistance
Analysis
andCompressive
Design of Tee-Beam
Sections
for Design Flange Beam Section - II

3b

further increasing applied bending moment on section

Asc
(d)

=
x=0.5d

----

Resisting Couples:

(e)

x=0.5d

Muf
Fcf

Muw

x=0.5d

Z=d-0.5hf

Z=0.775d
when K=0.156

----

Muf

x=0.5d

Fst2

Fsc

Fcc

+
Fst1

---

Muw
Fcf

Fcc

Fst2

+
Rect.
beam

+
Fst1

Rect.
beam

+
Fst3

Z=d-0.5hf Z=0.775d
when K=0.156

Z=d-d 16

Analysis and Design of Tee-Beam Sections

3b

Steel arrangement of a continuous beam

In practice, there will be moment at the

end supports of a beam die to fixity at
supporting columns

B.M Envelope

4.5m

6.0m
2 H25
2 H20

2 H16

2 H25
1 H20

2 H20

Anti-crack steel will be

provided at top of section

1 H20- 2H25
1 H25
1H20

Figure 7.17: Typical arrangement of bending reinforcement

17

Analysis and Design of Tee-Beam Sections

3b

Steel curtailment - simplified rules for beams

50%

100%

50%

0.08L

0.08L
L
Simply
Supported
Beam
Simply
Supported

This zone needs to resist

tension both at top and bottom
of section
20%
50%
30%

0.1L

c=0.25L
c=0.15L

60%
100%

L
Continuous Beam

Cantilever Beam

c<45

100%
30%

0.15L

Moment
envelope

Use these steel

percentage in the
design of shear
resistance of
section.

18

Analysis and Design of Tee-Beam Sections

3b
Usual Size of bars for different components: 8, 10, 16, 20, 25mm diameter - for slab
12, 16, 20, 25mm - for small beam (beam of
short span)
25, 32, 40mm - for large beam
20, 25, 32, 40mm - for column
25, 32, 40, 50mm - for foundation and pile
12, 16, 20, 25mm - for stirrup and link
back
19

Analysis and Design of Tee-Beam Sections

Tutorial Question:- Deck of a footbridge

3b

The structure carries a superimposed live load of 5.0 kN/m2 and finishes of 1.0
kN/m2. Railing on either side weighs 0.5 kN/m run.
Characteristic strength of concrete
45 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement
500 N/mm2
Density of reinforced concrete
24 kN/m3
The structure is to be designed for moderate exposure and 2 hour fire resistance.
(a) Determine suitable dimensions for the stringer beams.
(b) Design the reinforcement (tension and compression, if any) at middle of
the end spans and at the internal supports.
(c) Check the section for the deflection criteria.

20

Analysis and Design of Tee-Beam Sections

3b

To
Back

21

Analysis and Design of Tee-Beam Sections

3b
If the lower and upper
parts are separated
slip
slip
frictional (shear) force at the
interface

back

22