Failureespecially public failurestirs some of the most potent social emotions we

have: humiliation, guilt, shame. Guiltwhich occurs when you chalk up a failure to something
you didcan be beneficial. Shame, on the other handwhich is present when you attribute
failure to something you arecasts a generalized depressive pall on you that's harder to face, let
alone fix, notes Richard Robins, director of the Personality, Self and Emotion Laboratory at the
University of California at Davis.
That may explain why, though writer Sascha Rothchild's rejection from Yale felt shameful and
made her depressed, getting divorced after just a year of marriage didn't seem as personal. "It
seemed that the two of us tried this thing and it didn't work out," says Rothchild. "It was our fault.
We weren't working out togetherthat doesn't mean either of us is a bad person." The guilt left
behind in the tailing pond of a failed marriage was actually productive. It made her deconstruct in
minute detail what might have been done differently. (The result was a forthcoming memoir
sardonically titled How to Get Divorced By 30.)
Failure has implications for our development as whole people, fulfilled and purposeful. It can
initiate a search for meaning, a shift from pursuing the kinds of happiness that flare briefly to the
kinds of happiness that endure. Suppose you've just gone broke. A wicked hit registers in the
"work and success" dimension of your life. But the psychic immune system has a strategy for
such a loss. There are four basic dimensions of our lives, says Robert Emmons, a psychologist
at the University of California at Davis. There is achievement, community, spirituality, and legacy.
When one dimension fails uswe lose "achievement," say, when we're laid offthe remaining
three get stronger.
Achievement is a big one in Americadisproportionately valued, and often conflated with
material success. But other dimensions actually have a potentially higher payoff. We easily
habituate to material things, and they quickly stop making us happy. But these other less tangible
values, a number of researchers have found, don't lose their happiness-making punchat least
not as much.
And so the once-autonomous striver, bulletproof and bowling alone, is forced to throw that old life
over the side and start making other connections. A new unifying principle coalesces around
some "higher purpose," and damned if the new life doesn't feel like an upgrade. Thus does
failure lead, roundabout, to happiness. "London and Chicago seized the opportunities provided
by their great fires to remake themselves into grander and more coherent cities," Haidt writes
in The Happiness Hypothesis. "People sometimes seize such opportunities, too, rebuilding
beautifully those parts of their lives lousy parent and a worse providerbut he was also tapping
the part of himself that felt like a failure. Schultz had aimed to be a novelist, but couldn't pull it off.
Alongside the very personal poems about his father, a long poem took shape about a character
who walked other, more successful, people's dogs.
The voltage that shot through the plainspoken language was unlike anything Schultz had
produced. He called the collection, simply, Failure. On its cover: a bent nail in a board. Last year,
it won the Pulitzer Prize.

These days, failurewhat Schultz calls "the great American taboo"has bubbled to the surface
just about everywhere. Few people can escape the feeling they're giving up ground. The global
financial crisis has produced the sort of circumstances playwright Arthur Miller warned every
generation must facethe sort that mints Willy Lomans.
The recession has brought a sense of siege, and within it, the collective emotional tone of the
whole world seems to cycle. More than 4 million workers have been laid off since the recession
began. On a single day in January, 70,000 people were laid off, and another 50,000 or 60,000
lost their jobs on each of the 10 days that followed. The rage spilled into the streets in 10
countries.
One day, we may look back on this period as "a time when the gods changed," to paraphrase
James Michener, a moment when a convergence of big scares rattled people's beliefs about
basic things: Am I safe? Who can I trust? Is there anything I can do? And how, given everything
that has happened, should I live? It no longer seems possible to avoid failing simply by
being conscientious and working hardthe formula our parents, and their parents, took to the
bank.
There are failures and there are Failures, but the differences between bankruptcy and financial
diminishment, divorce and marital strife, spiritualcrisis and anomie are distinctions of degree, not
kind. And they are connected. Woe in one sphere strains the seams of others. It's not pretty. And
that's why failure is something
Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),

Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.

Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.

Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.

Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA

PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury

over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.

Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different

manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.

Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada

UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV

edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds

of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537

Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu

(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.

Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma

-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras

Compilation By: SAVECA Canada

UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.

Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds

of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.

Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),

Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.

Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.

Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.

Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.

There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra

:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,

Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe
Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,

Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.

Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.

Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:

It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma

-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex

cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s

Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi

des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian

sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:

It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),

Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.

Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma

-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.

Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra

:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada

UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe
Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva

-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or

Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.

Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.

According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta

the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.

Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.

Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS

First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or

Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.

Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu

(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.

Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with Athatho-

Brahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe
Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV

edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds

of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.

Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),

Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.

Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.

Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.

Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA

PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury

over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.

Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),

Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.

Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:

It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma

-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe
Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi

des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian

sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:

It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),

Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.

Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma

-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras

Compilation By: SAVECA Canada

UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.

Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds

of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.

Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS

First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or

Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.

Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different

manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.

Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,

Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS

First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or

Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.

Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.

According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta

the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.

Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.

Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.

Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas

become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.

Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu

(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe
Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.

Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.

Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.

Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA

PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury

over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.

Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different

manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.

Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,

Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.

Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds

of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537

Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.

Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),

Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe
Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.

Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma

-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras

Compilation By: SAVECA Canada

UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.

Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds

of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.

Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),

Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.

Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.

Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.

Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA

PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This

provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian

sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.

Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS

First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe
Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.

Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:

It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma

-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex

cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s

Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi

des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian

sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:

It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),

Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.

Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma

-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras

Compilation By: SAVECA Canada

UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.

According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta

the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.

Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury
over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS

There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a
good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding the
Vedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and
Upasarga.
Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.
Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and
seasons of the year like the new and
full moon days etc.
Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.
Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform
Vedic rites in a slightly different
manner.
According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta
the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.
There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This
provi
des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons other
then Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV
edic methodology.
Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra
or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury

over Atharva
-Veda.
PURANAS
First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain
5 essential features viz., Sarga,
Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.
Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),
Vishnu
(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),
Bhavishya (14,500),
Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda
(12,000).
Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship of
these Puranas.

Ex
cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s
Hindu Sastras and Samskaras
Compilation By: SAVECA Canada
UPA
PURANAS
There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,
Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,
Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.
Nyaya Sastra:
It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537
Sutras in 5 chapters.
Vaiseshika Sastra
:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like
Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.
Mimamsa Sastra
:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa or
Vedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.
Brahma Sutra:
It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with AthathoBrahma
-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.
In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.
Sankhya Sastra
:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of
the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of valid
knowledge.
Yoga Sastra
:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body
and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indian
sastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms
are of 4
kinds
of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,
Satwa, Rajas and Tamas
become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe