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International J. of Recent Trends in Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 5, May 2010
Amirkabir University of Technology, Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Tehran, Iran
Email: Kazeminia.hamidreza@gmail.com
2
Amirkabir University of Technology, Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Tehran, Iran
Email: {Mzkabir@aut.ac.ir, Sabahmolanaei@gmail.com}
Abstract- Lateral-torsional buckling may occur in an
unrestrained beam where its compression flange is free to
displace laterally and rotate. Due to the widespread
application of castellated beams in buildings, this paper
develops a three-dimensional finite-element model using
ANSYS [Users manual, version 10.0] for the lateraltorsional buckling analysis of castellated beams and uses it
to investigate the effects of slenderness on the momentgradient factor of simply supported castellated beams.
AISC proposes moment-gradient factor of castellated beams
the same of plain webbed beams. In this paper, a general
equation is proposed to determine the value of Cb factor.
Therefore, multi criterion equations for evaluating the Cb
factor for each case in terms of the beams modified
slenderness is proposed.
I. INTRODUCTION
The problem of lateral-torsional buckling of beams not
properly braced against lateral deflection has been the
focus of a significant amount of studies in recent years. In
the design of flexural members, the ratio of width to
thickness of some beams does not meet the compression
requirements. In addition, lateral supports may not be
placed in the appropriate intervals. Most of beams
constructed by thin plates can not be considered as
compact section. Since rolled steel I-section and
castellated beams have been used in this paper, therefore,
compression is not discussed here and only the problem
of beam not braced against lateral deflection have been
investigated [11].
If the beam length between two supports exceeds a given
threshold, compression flange becomes unstable and
tends to buckle laterally prior to reaching maximum
flexural strength. Therefore, the moment of inertia around
the x- axis should be much greater than that of around the
y-axis to reduce flexural stress [3]. Low moment of
inertia around the y-axis in the beams with high distance
between lateral supports can cause a further increase in
the lateral bending in the compression flange and torsion
in the section. Accordingly, if the compression flange is
not properly braced laterally, the possibility of sudden
failure of compression flange will increase. Such failure
resulting from increase in the compression stress in the
flange due to the beam bending and lateral bending due to
( M 0 ) cr =
EC w EI y +
2
L2
EI y GJ .
(1)
2010 ACEE
DOI: 01.IJRTET.03.05.170
FULL PAPER
International J. of Recent Trends in Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 5, May 2010
M cr = C b .( M 0 ) cr .
(2)
Where, Mcr is critical moment for beams under impure
bending and Cb is moment-gradient factor. The following
relation was suggested by AISC to determine Cb [1-5].
M
M
C b = 1 .75 + 1 .05 1 + 0 .3 1
M2
M2
2 .3 .
(3)
In order to investigate the lateral-torsional buckling
behavior of castellated beams, comprehensive
experimental studies have been conducted by Kerdal and
Nethercot [7-10] and Mahmoodian [8]. In addition, other
researchers such as Mohebkhah [9] have examined the
problem using finite element method. According to the
literature review, it has been realized that although many
studies have been performed to determine momentgradient factor of webbed beams [6], only Mohebkhah [9]
studied this factor for inelastic castellated beam under
distributed and concentrated load.
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International J. of Recent Trends in Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 5, May 2010
TABLE II.
COMPARISONS OF MOMENT-GRADIENT FACTOR
Type
CPE300
Length/Height
F.L.C.
S.L.C.
T.L.C.
3.33
0.22
0.80
0.56
5.33
0.78
1.30
1.44
7.33
1.69
1.31
1.51
8.33
1.98
1.31
1.52
10.33
2.31
1.31
1.53
2.30
1.30
1.51
7.0
0.13
h
L
Cb = 1.40 7.0 < 10.5 .
h
L
2.30
> 10.5
TABLE I.
COMPARISONS OF MOMENT-GRADIENT FACTOR
Type
CPE140
CPE180
CPE220
CPE300
Length/Height
F.L.C.
S.L.C.
T.L.C.
4.33
0.74
1.29
1.42
9.33
2.38
1.31
1.54
14.33
2.42
1.31
1.52
23.33
2.67
1.31
1.53
47.33
2.62
1.31
1.52
4.33
0.63
1.28
1.37
7.15
1.97
1.31
1.52
11.33
2.49
1.32
1.54
18.33
2.65
1.31
1.54
37.33
2.64
1.31
1.53
3.33
0.26
0.96
0.68
6.33
1.41
1.31
1.50
9.33
2.27
1.32
1.53
15.33
2.61
1.32
1.54
30.33
2.67
1.32
1.54
2.33
0.13
0.50
0.34
4.33
0.42
1.23
1.07
6.33
1.22
1.30
1.48
11.33
2.41
1.32
1.54
22.33
2.67
1.32
1.54
2.30
1.30
1.51
4.0
0.50
h
L
Cb = 1.00 4.0 < 7.0 .
h
L
1.30
> 7.0
(5)
The proposed factor for CPE 300 due to the third loading
combination is as follows:
4.5
0.34
h
L
Cb = 1.08 4.5 < 8.0 .
h
L
1.51
> 8.0
(6)
2010 ACEE
DOI: 01.IJRTET.03.05.170
(4)
FULL PAPER
International J. of Recent Trends in Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 5, May 2010
REFERENCES
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, the problem of lateral-torsional buckling
of simply supported castellated beams under pure
bending has been investigated using finite element
method through a wide range of beams slenderness. In
such beams, moment-gradient factor is much affected by
slenderness. Therefore, it can be concluded that momentgradient factor does not only depend on the loading type
but also on the slenderness of castellated beams. As the
beam length decreases and the moment inertia increases,
the difference between the computed and suggested
moment-gradient factor increases. Accordingly, in the
beams with low free span length, the moment-gradient
factor obtained from finite element model is lower than
that of from building code and using such momentgradient factor may lead to an unsafe design
Moreover, a simple relation was proposed to determine
gives moment-gradient factor on the basis of loading
type.
19
2010 ACEE
DOI: 01.IJRTET.03.05.170