Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Liaison Counsel
7/11/01 (the "Class Period"), against the Company and certain of its officers an d
of 1934 (the "1934 Act") . Hess is engaged in the exploration for and the productio n
and sale of crude oil. It also markets refined petroleum products through retai l
gasoline outlets .
to acquire Triton Energy Limited ("Triton"), in order to obtain needed additional oil
immediately became clear to Hess' top insiders that due to the demands of Triton' s
Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Triton's controlling shareholder that if Hes s
was to acquire Triton, Hess would have to pay an extremely high price of over $ 3
billion for Triton - a price in excess of what standard valuation approaches woul d
justify for Triton, a price that would represent a very substantial premium ove r
Triton's stock trading price and a price that would require Hess to borrow billions o f
3 . Defendants knew that when they announced the Triton acquisition, Hess '
stock price would drop because they were well aware of the phenomenon that when a
company announces an acquisition, the stock price of the acquiring company almost
1
always declines - normally sharply - due to investors' concerns about cost ,
phenomenon is extremely well known, has been written about extensively, and has
been documented in numerous studies and articles, as set forth in more detail in ¶¶43-
46. As plaintiff' s expert economist Professor Atulya Sarin confirms in his declaratio n
abundance of studies and articles. See Declaration of Atulya Sarin, Ph.D. ("Sarin
4 . Not only were defendants aware generally of the fact that when an
acquiring company agrees to pay a significant premium for an acquisition, the stock o f
the acquiring company typically declines, but they knew specifically from their ow n
prior experience that when Hess disclosed the LASMO PLC ("LASMO") acquisition
in 11/00, its stock dropped nearly 4% . Because the Triton acquisition was similar in
size to the LASMO acquisition - but at even a higher premium - defendants knew tha t
decision to offer to pay over $3 billion to acquire Triton, the top insiders at Hess wh o
were involved in, or aware of, the details concerning the proposed acquisition o f
Triton, sold off huge amounts of their Hess stock to avoid the losses they knew they
2
would suffer from the sharp decline in Hess' stock price they knew would occur when
the Triton acquisition was disclosed, and thus profited from the artificial inflation o f
the price of Hess stock that persisted while they failed to disclose material informatio n
6 . At the time they sold their Hess shares, these Hess insiders did no t
disclose that Hess was secretly negotiating a purchase of Triton on terms that the y
knew would have a material adverse impact on the price of Hess common stock, when
it was disclosed . By not disclosing that defendants were actively negotiating for th e
"disclose" under the 1934 Act and pursued a scheme to defraud and course of busines s
that operated as a fraud or deceit on purchasers of Hess stock by selling off over 1 . 3
million of their Hess shares at as high as $90 per share for illegal insider tradin g
proceeds of over $115 million! The chart below shows these sales, which were very
unusual in timing as they occurred when Hess stock was trading near its all-time hig h
and just before Hess revealed its acquisition of Triton at an extremely high pric e
3
Amerada Hess Corporation
February 24, 1999 -September26, 200 1
Daily Share Prices
100
7r5 .10A1
Merger rumored and p MIdy
2J9 1-7111101 snnouncetl ; $45 per share -
AmeradoHesalnaitlersm9 $ 3 .2 bPiOfl '
1 ;334,255 shores
90 for $115,298,902
210
Ameratle Hesssecrelly
proposes Triton mcItAe ion,
Trltw eVresse5 Irderest
80 Arri-de Hesselbrs $44 \
per More -- $ 3 bllllon lotel . _
::Is;
IL 70
m
Tr noses.
0
O Amerada H Hess ro w els I t
Hess
haston to shun blillon40 Zo
60 Mence the acqulaltlon .
60 9r9A0-7i8R1 1
Amerede H456insitles Releva t Perio d
sell 45.000 shares 29101 -7/11/0 1
for $3,318,345
N
40
02/2411999 07/07/1999 11/15/1999 031282000 08/08/2000 12/18/2000 06102/2001 09/18/200 1
04/30/1999 09/10/1999 01121/2000 06/022000 10/12/2000 02/26/2001 07/09/200 1
stock sales, John Hess, Chairman and CEO of Hess, lied to conceal the true reason s
for these stock sales and permit the fraudulent scheme and course of business t o
continue, falsely stating the sales were made to "meet diversification requirements "
and to meet "charitable funding obligations ." In fact, the sales were made to take
advantage of the artificially inflated price of Hess stock, and avoid the loss defendant s
would suffer when the stock fell sharply, which defendants anticipated the stoc k
insider trading binge, Hess disclosed it was acqui ring Triton for $3 .2 billion - $45 per
share - a very large - over 50% -premium over Triton 's 7/9/01 closing price of $29-
29/32. Hess stock fell from a high of $81 .68 on 7/9/01 to as low as $77 on 7/10/01 ; to
4
as low as $74 per share on 7/12/01 ; and to a low of $70 .59 per share on 7/18/01 - a
cumulative decline of well over 13% in just seven trading sessions . By 9/26/01- just
weeks after Hess completed the Triton deal and disclosed it had had to borrow $2 . 5
billion to finance the transaction - Hess stock fell to $59 .10 compared to its Clas s
significantly expand its exploration and production activities beyond the United State s
and the North Sea, and to increase its oil reserves and production capacity . The Triton
acquisition was central to Hess' long-term growth strategy in that, if the acquisitio n
• Enhance Hess' production growth from about 425,000 barrels of oil per
day to about 535,000 barrels per day in 2002 and more than 600,000
barrels per day in 2003 .
Thus, it was imperative that Hess acquire Triton as part of its long-term busines s
strategy. Hess had earlier attempted to implement its long-term business strategy wit h
its attempted acquisition of LASMO in 11/00 , but was thwarted when another
company came forward to outbid Hess for LASMO . Hess' failure to acquire LASM O
greatly increased the pressure on Hess to acquire Triton, even if making that
5
acquisition meant paying a very high price and suffering a short term negative impact
on its business, i.e., an increase in debt and earnings dilution, as well as on its stoc k
price .
perhaps because of them), the defendants knew the cost to Hess to acquire Triton wa s
going to be extraordinarily high . For instance, at $3 billion, Hess was going to pay
over $9.70 per barrel for Triton's proved reserves and $5 .66 per barrel for Triton' s
probable reserves, or 50%-100% more than the $6.20 per barrel forproved reserves
and $2.85 per barrel for probable reserves paid for Gulf Canada Resources Ltd. by
would represent a very large premium over Triton's current stock price . Defendants
11 . Not only was the acquisition price demanded by Triton's CEO and it s
acquisition of Triton also subjected Hess to significant near -term business risks,
• The deal would be dilutive to Hess' return on capital for at least the
following two years due to the cost .
6
• To finance the debt, Hess would have to enter into hedging transactions,
subjecting it to the likelihood that it would be required to sell its oil
below market prices . Indeed, because Hess entered into contracts to sell
75% of its oil production over several future years at approximately
$28/barrel, it has had to sell its oil for $28/barrel when the rest of the
market is currently selling oil at approximately $38/barrel, according to
one of Hess' former general managers .
12. Thus, as defendants negotiated Hess' purchase of Triton, they knew tha t
the disclosure of the Triton acquisition would have an adverse impact on the price o f
Hess stock. In fact, a decline in the price of Hess stock is exactly what defendants ha d
$60.38) the day the proposed LASMO acquisition was disclosed . This recent
experience just three months before the start of the Class Period gave the Individua l
even larger, more expensive and more risk-laden Triton acquisition would have on
Hess stock .
price of Hess stock to fall, the Individual Defendants sold off over 1 .3 million share s
of their Hess stockfor over $115 million in illegal insider trading proceeds - during
a time Hess was trading at or near its all -time high price - without disclosing that
Hess was in the process of acqui ring Triton at a very substantial premium over
Triton's current trading price . These sales not only occurred at a suspicious time, they
7
14. Defendants' stock sales during the Class Period were highly suspicious in
timing and amount . Defendants sold 22 times as much stock during the five-mont h
Class Period than they sold in the five months after the Class Period and 30 times
more than they sold the five months before the Class Period . While defendants sol d
only 45,000 shares in the five months before the Class Period, and 60,000 shares i n
the five months after the Class Period, defendants sold over 1. 3 million shares of Hess
stock at record high prices for over $115 million during the five-month Class Period .
A comparison of the shares that defendants sold before and during the Class Perio d
follows :
Pre - Gass Period Pre - Gass Period Class Period Gass Period
(9'9100 - 2/8(01) (9/9(00 - 2(8'01 ) (2/9(01- 7/11/01) (2/9(01- 7/11/01 )
(5 Months) (5 Months) (5 Months) (5 Months) Net Change (Vet a ange
Stock Sales Proceeds Stock Sales Proceeds Stock Safes Proceeds
Post -Class Period Post -Class Pe riod Class Period Gass Pe riod
(7/12/01-12(11/01) (7/12/01-12 (11/01 ) (2/9(01- 7/11/01) (2/9(01- 7/11/01 )
(5 M )nths) (5 Months) (5 tv nft) (5 Months) Net CharW (vet CharW
Stock Sales Proceeds Stock Sales Proceed s Stock Safes Proceeds
8
15 . Furthermore, the amount of stock defendants sold in relation to thei r
Stock Sale s
Betwee n
2/1 - 2/8/01 Class Class Percent o f
Common Vested Holdings Or CP Stock Period Period Holding s
Insider Stock (4) Options Sub-Total Sales (5) Holdings Stock Sales Proceeds Sol d
(1) 49% equals the average percent of shares sold for all d efendants .
(2) Source : Form 4
(3) Source : 2001 Proxy and Form 4 . Calculation Includes wife 's holdin gs (14,057 shares ) an d stock sales .
(4) Does not Include shares held in es cro w
(5) These tra nsactions are added to th e Sub -Total to com pute total Class Period holdings .
16. In addition to those stock sales, John Hess received $2 .5 million in salary
and cash bonuses in 2001 ($1 million salary and $1 .5 million cash bonuses) .
Likewise, defendant Laidlaw received $2 .5 million in salary, cash bonuses and other
compensation in 2000 ($900,000 salary, $1 .5 million cash bonuses and $140,000 for
defendant Wright received from Hess in 2001 an annual fee of $55,000 in addition to
$75,000 for serving on the Executive Committee with John Hess . He also received
17 . On 5/8/01, John Hess made filings with the Securities and Exchang e
9
himself personally and by the Leon Hess 25 Year Charitable Annuity Trust (the
"Trust"),' he controlled . Upon this news, Hess stock fell sharply from a high o f
$84.25 to as low as $81 . 89 duri ng the day. To explain his and the Trust's sudden
sales, John Hess stated that his and the Trust's stock sales were made to "meet
diversification requirements " and the Trust's "charitable funding obligations." Thi s
was false . The sales were made to avoid the adverse consequences of the decline i n
Hess stock John Hess knew would occur after the Triton acquisition was made . Th e
other Hess insiders who sold Hess stock during the Class Period did not correct o r
contradict John Hess' false explanation for the stock sales - which they knew to be
false - pushing the stock higher and thus benefiting themselves . Analysts and
investors accepted this innocent explanation as the reason for John Hess' Class Period
stock sales, and concluded the sales were not indicative of the existence of any
18 . On 7/11/01, the truth about the timing of and reasons for the Hes s
insiders ' stock sales began to emerge when The Dallas Morning News reported that
the proposed acquisition of Triton had been negotiated beginning in 2/01, when "[a]
phone callfrom Amerada Hess Corp. chiefexecutive John Hess to Dallas investo r
` Leon Hess, now deceased, was the founder and former CEO and Chairman of
the Company and the father of John Hess . John Hess controlled the Trust and the
sales by the Trust are attributed to him .
10
Tom Hicks started it all." After John Hess first spoke with Tom Hicks in 2/01, h e
immediately began negotiating for the acquisition of Triton and quickly made an offer
of $44 per share . According to The Dallas Morning News, "`John [Hess] called [Tom
Hicks] back in February [20011 and expressed his interest,"' said Mr . Hicks ,
chairman and CEO of Triton . At which point, Hicks immediately told defendant Hes s
that "`we might be warming up to the idea oflooking at a way of getting out of our
investment in Triton . ... Hicks said ... Hess came in with an offer of $44 a share, "
indicating a purchase price in excess of $3 billion . John Hess and the other Individua l
19. Jurisdiction is conferred by §27 of the 1934 Act . The claims asserted
herein arise under §§10(b), 20(a) and 20(A) of the 1934 Act and Rule lOb-5 .
Amerada Hess has extensive contacts with New Jersey . Acts and transactions out o f
which the claims arise took place here . Venue is proper in this District pursuant to
§27 of the 1934 Act . Hess owns substantial properties in New Jersey . Hess' annual
stockholders meeting has been held at 1 Hess Plaza in Woodbridge, New Jersey, for
each of the past five years . Hess' Refining and Marketing and Energy operations ar e
headquart ered in Woodbridge, New Jersey and Hess' largest refining unit (55,00 0
barrels a day) and only U.S. refining unit is located at Port Reading, New Jersey .
Certain of the Individual Defendants, including the defendants specified below, live i n
11
THE PARTIE S
purchased Hess common stock , as set forth in Exhibit 1 attached hereto and wa s
damaged thereby.
exploration for and the production, purchase, transportation and sale of crude oil ,
natural gas, as well as the production and sale of refined petroleum products .
beneficial owner of Hess . John Hess holds the sole voting power over all Hess stoc k
owned or controlled by the Trust, and shares dispositive power over such stock with
its trustees . John Hess is a controlling person of Hess. During the Class Period ,
defendant Hess sold 1 .06 million shares of Hess stock which he owned or controlle d
at prices as high as $90 .10 per share while in possession of material adverse
Operating Officer and a director of the Company, until he resigned on 9/13/01, les s
than a month after the closing of the Triton acquisition . However, during the Clas s
Period, Laidlaw sold 40,000 shares of his Hess stock at as high as $89 .50 per share
12
(c) Defendant Robert F . Wright ("Wright") is the former President an d
Chief Operating Officer of the Company and has served as a director of Hess for th e
past 23 years, since 1981 . He was also a member of Hess' Executive Committe e
during the Class Period, along with John Hess . Wright received from Hess in 2001 an
annual fee of $55,000 for serving as a director and $75,000 for serving on th e
Executive Committee, and received an annual award of 500 shares of common stock .
During the Class Period, Wright sold 260 times more shares of stock than he ha d
earned that year . He sold 130,001 shares of his Hess stock at prices as high as $87 .5 0
per share while in possession of material adverse information to realize illegal inside r
the Company. During the Class Period, Gelfand sold 34,500 shares of his Hess stoc k
at prices as high as $89 .75 per share while in possession of material advers e
President of the Company. During the Class Period, Ornstein sold 26,000 shares o f
his Hess stock at prices as high as $77 .00 per share while in possession of materia l
of the Company. During the Class Period, Gartman sold 15,000 shares of his Hes s
13
stock at prices as high as $84 .99 per share while in possession of material adverse
Treasurer of the Company . During the Class Period, Jamin sold 20,000 shares of hi s
Hess stock at prices as high as $89 .75 per share while in possession of materia l
million .
President of the Company. During the Class Period, Bernstein sold 12,500 shares o f
his Hess stock at prices as high as $90 .12 per share while in possession of materia l
as the "Individual Defendants ." The Individual Defendants had the power an d
authority to control the contents of Hess' press releases and public statements . Each
defendant knew of the status of the ongoing discussions and negotiations concernin g
Hess' acquisition of Triton and the false explanation given by defendant John Hess t o
explain his large and unusual stock sales . Each Individual Defendant had the ability
and opportunity to prevent the issuance of such statements or cause such statements t o
be corrected . Each of the Individual Defendants also knew that the adverse fact s
14
specified herein had not been disclosed to and were being concealed from the public a t
the time they engaged in their unlawful insider stock sales, and each of them was als o
aware that the positive representations which were made by John Hess were the n
24. The Individual Defendants violated the 1934 Act because they did not
abstain from selling their shares of Hess before they first disclosed all materia l
information they knew would have a negative impact on Hess' stock price .
defendants had a duty to disclose non-public material facts known to them but which
were not known to the public but which facts would, if known, affect the price of Hess
stock. This duty arises from: (i) the existence of a relationship between plaintiff an d
available only for corporate purposes ; and (ii) the unfairness of allowing suc h
As a result of the relationship of trust and confidence that exists between shareholder s
reason of their position with Hess, the Individual Defendants had a duty to disclose al l
material information related to the Triton acquisition before selling over $115 millio n
15
SCIENTER ; VIOLATION OF ABSTAIN OR DISCLOSE OBLIGATIONS ;
FRAUDULENT SCHEME AND COURSE OF BUSINES S
26. The Individual Defendants' insider selling was in violation of the abstai n
or disclose rule. Hess CEO and Chairman, John Hess, kept other Hess executives and
directors informed regarding the Triton acquisition . On 3/12/01, John Hess discussed
the acquisition with Triton's Chairman Thomas Hicks . Hess has admitted in its
purchase offer, filed with the SEC on 7/17/01, that during this 3/ 12/01 telephone call ,
analysis " of the acquisition of Triton . On information and belief, based on Joh n
Hess' foregoing statement, John Hess then discussed the acquisition with each of
Chief Operating Officer of the Company, was instrumental in this analysis . As set
forth in Hess' purchase offer filed with the SEC, Laidlaw was also involved i n
27. In addition, while each of the defendants were aware of the Trito n
acquisition at the time they sold their stock, defendants Hess, Bernstein, Laidlaw ,
Ornstein and Wright would have been actively involved in the acquisitio n
knowledge of the fact that Hess was secretly negotiating the acquisition of Triton for a
16
price in excess of $3 billion, representing a major premium over the trading price o f
Triton's stock . They also knew that the disclosure of that acquisition on such term s
would cause the price of Hess stock to fall . Thus, the Individual Defendants knew of
the existence and status of these discussions and negotiations during the time the y
29. Rather than disclose the fact that Hess was actively negotiating the
acquisition of Triton, an acquisition which they knew would have an adverse impact
on Hess' stock price when disclosed, the Individual Defendants sold over 1 .3 million
shares of their privately held Hess stock at artificially inflated prices for proceeds o f
over $115 million . Defendants not only concealed that Hess was actively negotiating
the Triton acquisition, they also misrepresented the actual reasons for those stoc k
sales.
and the Trust's sudden and irregular stock sales . John Hess stated that his and th e
Trust's stock sales were made to "meet diversification requirements " and the Trust' s
"charitablefunding obligations ." None of the Individual Defendants who sold Hes s
stock during the Class Period contradicted or corrected John Hess' false explanation
for his stock sales, even though they knew those statements were false .
Defendants' violation of their abstain or disclose obligations under the 1934 Act ,
17
acting knowingly or in a reckless manner so as to artificially inflate the trading pric e
of Hess stock and damage plaintiff and other members of the Class as they engaged i n
their insider trading scheme which allowed defendants, in the aggregate, to reap ove r
SUBSTANTIVE ALLEGATIONS
32. In 2000, Hess was engaged in the exploration for and the production an d
sale of crude oil and natural gas, as well as the production and sale of refine d
place primarily in the United States and the North Sea . Hess very much wanted to
especially in geographic areas in which Hess did not already have proven oil reserves .
expand its exploration and production activities beyond its traditional core areas of the
United States and the North Sea, and into the oil rich areas of Venezuela, Indonesia ,
West Africa and other international areas . To accomplish this long-term goal, in
11/00 Hess announced that it had entered into an agreement to acquire LASMO fo r
$3 .5 billion .
18
• Achieve Hess'strategic objective to increase its international reserves
outside the United States and the North Sea .
"We are very excited about this transaction . The acquisition of LASMO
expands our exploration and production business, . strengthens our
international reserve portfolio and extends our production profile. . . . The
combination will increase our production from 374,000 boe per day in
2000 to an expected 582,000 boe per day in 2001, making Amerada Hess
one of the largest global independent exploration and production
companies with the scale to access a broader range of investment
opportunities that meet our financial goals ."
immediately fell from a high of $64 .00 on 11/3/00 to a low of $58 .12 on 11/6/00 ,
closing at $60 .69 - a drop of nearly 4% from the previous trading day's closing pric e
of $62 .81 .
Date Day Closing Price Day High Price Day Low Pric e
11/3/2000 $62 .81 $64 .00 $62 .69
11/6/2000 $60 .38 $60 .69 $58 .1 3
36. The reasons for the decline in Hess' stock price included that : (i) the deal
was expected to be dilutive to Hess' earnings and return on capital for at least th e
following two years due to acquisition and other related costs ; (ii) the deal made Hess '
19
earnings highly leveraged to changes in oil prices ; and (iii) there were additional risks
37 . However, Hess' hope to acquire LASMO was thwarted when Eni SpA ,
Italy's largest oil company, outbid Hess for LASMO . While losing out on getting th e
insiders, upon the disclosure that Hess would no longer try to continue to acquir e
closing price of $69.06 on 12/22/00, completely wiping out the decline in Hess' stoc k
Date Day Closing Price Day High Price Day Low Price
12/20/2000 $62 .81 $64 .25 $61 .8 1
12/21/2000 $66 .00 $68 .94 $64 .6 9
12/22/2000 $69 .06 $69 .19 $66 .5 6
38 . In 3/01 and 4/01, crude oil prices moved higher, and shares of companie s
that owned oil assets and refineries like Hess moved higher . Between early 3/01 and
the end of 4/01, shares of Hess traded up from the $70 per share range to $90 per
was under even greater pressure to identify and successfully conclude the acquisitio n
of a large oil company with proven reserves in areas in which Hess had little or n o
reserves. In fact, at the time Hess had identified LASMO as an acquisition candidate ,
it had also identified Triton, but passed on Triton at that time because the LASM O
acquisition would demand a lesser premium and expose Hess to less risk. Thus,
20
having been outbid for LASMO, in 2/01, Hess began secret discussions to acquir e
Triton in order to obtain additional oil reserves and to significantly boost Hess' crud e
oil production . However, it immediately became clear to Hess' top insiders tha t
although Triton's CEO and Triton's controlling shareholders were willing to sel l
Triton, due to their demands, if Hess were to acquire Triton it would have to pay a
significant premium above Triton stock's current trading price - an extremely hig h
would justify, a price that would be a significant premium over Triton 's trading price
and a price that would require Hess to borrow over $2 billion to finance the purchase .
As a result, Hess' opening price offer in 2/01 was $44 per share, which put the pric e
40. Acquiring Triton (or a company like Triton) was essential to Hess '
United States and the North Sea . Thus, Hess' acquisition of Triton was very
prospects beyond the United States and the North Sea, and to increasing its oi l
reserves and production capacity in other areas . As a result, the top Hess insiders
were willing to pay a very high price for the acquisition even if it would hurt Hess '
business operations and its stock price in the short term, as the Triton acquisition wa s
essential to Hess' long-term growth strategy in that, if the acquisition was successful ,
it would :
21
• Continue the transformation of Hess to an exploration and productio n
company.
• Enhance Hess' production growth from about 425,000 barrels of oil per
day to about 535,000 barrels per day in 2002 and more than 600,000
barrels per day in 2003 .
perhaps because of them), the defendants knew the cost to Hess to acquire Triton wa s
going to be extraordinarily high. As a result, John Hess offered $44 per share for
Triton early on in the discussion to acquire Triton, meaning it would cost at least $3
billion. For instance, at $3 billion, Hess was going to pay over $9 .70 per barrel fo r
Triton's proved reserves and $5 .66 per barrel for Triton's probable reserves, or 50%-
100% more than the $6.20 per barrel for proved reserves and $2.85 per barrel for
probable reserves paid for Gulf Canada Resources Ltd. by Conoco Inc. in a recent
premium over Triton's current stock price and meant that Hess would have to borro w
42. Defendants knew that when they announced the Triton acquisition ,
Amerada Hess' stock price would drop because they were well aware of th e
acquiring company almost always declines - normally sharply - due to investors '
22
dilution . This phenomenon is extremely well known, has been written abou t
extensively, and has been documented in numerous studies and articles, as set forth i n
documented fact that an acquiring company's stock price typically drops upon th e
supported by an abundance of studies and articles . See Sarin Decl ., ¶¶4, 6-13, 23 .
Market for Corporate Control: A Critical Assessment of the Tender Offer's Role in
Corporate Governance, 84 Colum . L. Rev. 1145, n.56 (1984), states that "a study by
First Boston Corp. of recent oil industry acquisitions found that `almost without
exception, the stocks of buyers of oil companies have declined following suc h
transactions . "'
Stockholder Wealth, J . Fin. Econ ., Mar. 1980, at 134, states that "[a]ny gains from
mergers accrue to stockholders of the target firms and not to those of the bidder firms .
For stockholders of bidding firms there is evidence of small, but significant negative
abnormal returns at the date of the first public announcement of the merge r
proposals . . .."
23
45 . Similarly, Mark L. Sirower and Stephen F . O'Byrne in The Measurement
Firm Size and the Gains from Acquisitions, J . Fin. Econ., received Feb . 12, 2003 ,
accepted July 22, 2003, found that, after examining a sample of 12,023 acquisitions b y
public firms from 1980 to 2001, "acquiring-firm shareholders lose $25. 2 million o n
average upon announcement" of an acquisition . They also found that large firms
(such as Amerada Hess) "experience significant shareholder wealth losses when they
financed."
47 . Not only were defendants aware generally of the fact that when an
acquiring company agrees to pay a significant premium for an acquisition, the stock o f
24
the acquiring company generally declines, but they knew specifically from their ow n
prior experience that when Hess disclosed the LASMO acquisition in 11 /00 , its stoc k
dropped nearly 4% in one day . Because the Triton acquisition was similar to th e
proposed LASMO acquisition - but at even a higher premium - defendants knew that
(approximately $3 billion) would have a negative effect on Hess' stock price becaus e
approximately $3 billion) -just a few months before, which had caused Hess' stock
negotiations or Hess' offer to pay over $3 billion to acquire Triton, the top insiders at
Hess who were involved in or aware of the details concerning the propose d
acquisition of Triton sold off huge amounts of their Hess stock to avoid the losses the y
knew they would suffer from the sharp stock price decline in Hess stock the y
Triton, they knew that the disclosure of the proposed Triton acquisition would have a n
adverse impact on the price of Hess stock . In fact, a decline in the price of Hess stock
is exactly what had occurred previously when defendants disclosed Hess' propose d
25
$62 .81 to $60 .38) the day the acquisition was disclosed . This recent experience just
three months before the start of the Class Period gave the Individual Defendant s
likely cause the price of Hess stock to decline even more dramatically than the
decline following the announcement of the proposed LASMO acquisition , since Hess
was paying a much more substantial premium for Triton than the premium offered
for LASMO. For instance, the price to be paid for Triton valued Triton's prove d
reserves at $9 .79 per barrel of oil/equivalent and its proved and probable reserves at
have required Hess to pay $5 .49 per barrel for proven reserves, and Conoco Inc .' s
pending acquisition of Gulf Canada Resources Ltd. offered only $6 .20 for Gulf' s
52. On 5/8/01, John Hess made SEC filings to sell up to 250,000 of his ow n
shares of Hess stock and the Trust John Hess controlled filed to sell 850,000 shares o f
Hess stock - 17% of the Trust's holdings . The Form 144 filed with the SEC an d
signed by John Hess represented that, at the time he filed and signed such form, that
The person for whose account the securities to which this notice
relates are to be sold hereby represents by signing this notice that he
does not know any material adverse information in regard to th e
26
current and prospective operations of the Issuer of the securities to be
sold which has not been publicly disclosed.
53. The same day, 5/8/01, Dow Jones News Service reported:
Amerada Hess Corp . Chairman and Chief Executive John B . Hess will
sell up to 250,000 company shares .
54. When this report appeared, Hess stock fell sharply from a high of $84 .2 5
to as low as $81 .89 during the day. However, it was also reported that John Hess and
the Trust stated that these large sales of Hess stock were being made to "meet
diversification requirements " of John Hess and to meet the Trust 's "charitable
funding obligations ." Based on these assurances, Hess stock recovered to close a t
$84.12. The stock then continued to climb higher and reached its Class Period high o f
$90.40 on 5/21/01 .
their own Hess shares - Hess issued a release disclosing the pending Triton
acquisition :
27
The all-cash offer represents a premium of 50% to the closing
price of Triton shares on Monday, July 9, 2001, and is 88% ofTriton's
52-week high.
56. Defendants knew that they were paying a substantial premium to acquir e
Triton. The $45/share offer price was a very large premium over Triton's stock pric e
and the $10 .90 per barrel for proved reserves was very high compared to the $7 .35-
$7 .70 per barrel average price paid for oil and gas reserve acquisitions in 2001 .
Analysts all agreed that Hess was paying a substantial premium for the acquisition o f
• Paul Ting and Neil Quach of Solomon Smith Barney prepared a report
on 7/10/01 stating that the "$45/share acquisition price represent[s] a
50% premium to yesterday's closingprice and compares against a 25 to
35% premium paid in recent acquisition[s] made by the integrated [oil
companies] ." They also noted that "[t]he $10.901BOE based on year end
2000 reserves appears high " compared to "the $7.35 to $7.701BOE
average price paid for oil and gas reserve acquisitions announced in
2001 ."
28
the premium Hess would pay for Triton, and Hess' resulting increased
political risk : "In our view, the price being paid for Triton is rich .
Based on proved reserves, the purchase price equates to $9 .79 [per barrel
of oil equivalent]/boe - a steep price relative to recent transactions and
more than double the industry's average finding and development costs
($4 .79/boe) for the past ten years . . . . We are downgrading our
recommendation on Amerada Hess to Neutral from Buy . Our previous
recommendation was based principally on two factors : valuation and
management's intention to increase ROCE [(return on capital
employed)] . We believe both factors will be diminished with this deal."
The report concluded that "[t]he purchase price of $45 per share exceeds
many oil analysts' net asset value for Triton . Based on a survey of sell-
side analysts that cover Triton, we estimate the purchase price is 10% to
15% higher than the projected fair value for Triton ."
• Paul Ting and Neil Quach of Solomon Smith Barney prepared a report
on 7/12/01 stating that the "$45-per-share acquisition price represents a
50% premium to the closing price on July 9 and compares against a
25%-3S% premium paid in recent acquisition [s] made by the integrated
[oil companies/ ." They also noted that "the $10.90-per-barrel-of-oil
equivalent (BOE) price paid, based on year-end 2000 reserves, appears
high "compared to "the $7.35-$7.70BOE average price paid for oil and
gas reserve acquisitions announced in 2001 . "
57. The "richness" of the price Hess had agreed to pay for Triton was furthe r
owned more than 29,000 Hess shares, sent a letter to the Hess Board of Directors ,
transaction ' s major impact on Hess . As was repo rted by Dow Jones on 8/13/01 :
raised questions about the timing of stock sales by Hess, which were
announced by the company on May 8 .
30
behind chief executive Hess's sale, or "why you chose to do so at that
time, one day before negotiations with Triton began in earnest . "
which at the time owned about 1 .2% of Hess common stock . As Dow Jones reported
on 8/2/01 :
60. As investors realized the full cost and substantial additional risks inherent
in the Triton acquisition, including the additional political and operating risk s
involved, the huge premium paid by Hess, the difficulties in capitalizing on the
potential oil discove ries, and the significant time and capital commitments (likely
several years and substantial sums of money) necessary to realize the full potential o f
the Triton acquisition, and this operation was factored in Hess' stock price, share
prices plunged lower . Hess stock traded as high as $81 .68 on 7/9/01 . Hess stock fel l
7/18/0 1 . Hess stock closing, high and low prices during this time were as follows :
31
Date Day Closing Price Day High Price Day Low Price
7/9/2001 $79 .36 $81 .68 $79 .30
7/10/2001 $77 .35 $78 .40 $77 .00
7/11/2001 $75 .67 $75 .99 $75 .1 9
7/12/2001 $74 .80 $75 .65 $74 .00
7/13/2001 $75 .79 $76 .18 $74 .00
7/16/2001 $74 .30 $76 .00 $73 .86
7/17/2001 $73 .35 $74 .80 $72 .45
7/18/2001 $71 .36 $72 .20 $70 .59
61 . On 7/11/01, The Dallas Morning News reported that the proposed Hes s
Mr. Hicks said Mr. Hess came in with an offer of $44 a share.
When he upped it by $1, the two had a deal.
62 . Indeed, a former Hess commodities intern who worked for the Compan y
during the earlier part of the Class Period in New York, whose responsibilitie s
between Rich Froelich (Hess' Main Manager for Commodities) and Dan Devine ( a
Further, as early as late 2/01, this same Hess commodities intern was assigned b y
32
Froelich to input Triton P&L statements into the Hess database. These Triton P& L
statements were contained in three-ringed binders, categorized by year, and this Hes s
commodities intern believed that they were obtained from Triton because eac h
statement had a title page with "Triton" typed on it . Moreover, this Hess commodities
intern was asked to input data from no other outside company but Triton. Finally, this
Hess commodities intern, beginning as early as mid-3/01, was asked to enter the
the Class Period learned that for the months preceding the announcement of the Triton
acquisition in 7/01, a Triton executive secretary had been making copies of documents
64 . On 7/17/01, Triton filed with the SEC a Schedule 14D9 which provide d
33
and My. Hicks agreed that they would each instruct their management
to engage in a more detailed analysis of a possible sale transaction to
determine whether or not to pursue such a transaction .
Hess would have to borrow large sums . After the deal was announced , Hess filed a
2 5/9/01 was only one day after John Hess and the Trust filed to sell over 1 .1
million shares of their own Hess stock, then valued at over $90 million .
34
shelf registration statement for up to $3 billion in debt securities . On 7/20/01, Dow
Jones reported:
Amerada Hess Corp. ... more than doubled a planned bond sale
to $2.5 billion from the $l.2 billion first planned .. ..
Proceeds from the sale will help fund Hess' planned $3 .2 billion
purchase of Triton Energy Ltd .
67. News of the bond sale caused Hess' shares to trade lower in subsequen t
days, falling fr om a high of $77 .30 on 8/7/01 to a low of $74 .43 on 8/9/0 1, as follows :
Date Day Closing Price Day High Price Day Low Price
8/7/2001 $76 .67 $77 .30 $76 .3 5
8/8/2001 $75 .10 $77 .35 $75 .00
8/9/2001 $75 .66 $75 .99 $74 .4 3
68 . The large amount that Hess had to borrow for the Triton acquisitio n
caused the Company itself later to admit (in its 3/27/02 Form 10-K filed with th e
35
69. On 8/20/01, Hess announced the completion of the acquisition of Triton .
COO, Laidlaw, had resigned from the Company . This came after Laidlaw had jus t
sold over 40,000 shares of his Hess stock, between 4/25/01 and 5/18/01, to pocke t
illegal insider trading proceeds of over $3 .51 million. In less than one week ,
defendant Laidlaw announced his new position with an energy company based in the
United Kingdom.
71 . On 9/26/01, Hess stock closed at just $59 .50 compared to $79 .36 on
7/9/01, the day before the Triton acquisition was announced and compared to $90.40
Hess' stock price which their material omissions and misstatements caused . During
the Class Period they sold over 1 .3 million shares of their Hess stock to realize over
$115 million .
73 . While some of these stock sales were purportedly made via Rul e
10(b)5-1 plans, this does not immunize these insider sales as at the time the 10(b)5- 1
plans were instituted the Individual Defendants knew the secret discussions an d
negotiations concerning the Triton acquisition were already ongoing, that this materia l
information had not been disclosed and that when disclosed this information woul d
36
74. Between 2/09/01, the beginning of the Class Period, and 6/14/01, Hes s
insiders sold the following amounts of Hess common stock which they owned o r
controlled :
GRAND
TOTAL : 1,334,265 $115,298,80 2
39
75 . Defendants' stock sales during the Class Period were highly suspicious i n
timing and amount . Defendants sold 22 times as much stock during the Class Perio d
than they sold in the five months after the Class Period and 30 times more than the y
sold the five months before the Class Period . While defendants sold only 45,000
shares in the five months before the Class Period, and 60,000 shares in the fiv e
months after the Class Period, defendants sold over 1.3 million shares of Hess stock
at record high prices for over $115 million during the five-month Class Period . A
comparison of the shares that defendants sold before and during the Class Perio d
follows :
Pre - Class Period Pre - Class Period Class Peri od Class Pe riod
(9/9/00 - 218/01) (9/9/00 - 2/8/01 ) (2/9/01 -7/11/01) (2/9/01 -7/11/01 )
(5 Months) (5 Months) (5 Months ) (5 Months) Net Chang e Net Change
Stock Sales Proceed s Stock Sales Proceeds Stock Sales Proceeds
Post -Class Period Post -Class Period Class Period Class Period
(7/12/01-12/11/01) (7/12101-12/11/01 ) (2/9/01 -7/11/01) (2/9/01 -7/11/01 )
(5 Months) (5 Months) (5 Months) (5 Months) Net Change Net Change
Stock Sales Proceeds Stock Sales Proceeds Stock Sales Proceeds
40
Amerada Hess Corp .
Summary of Insider Sales
Class Period : 2/9/01 - 7111/0 1
Stock Sales
Between
2/1 - 2/8/01 Class Class Percent o f
Common Vested Holdings Or CP Stock Period Period Holding s
Insider Stock (4) Options Sub-Total Sales (5) Holdings Stock Sales Proceeds Sol d
(1) 49% equals the average percent of shares sold for all defendants .
(2) Source : Form 4
(3) Source : 2001 Proxy and Form 4 . Calculation includes wife's holdings (14,057 shares) and stock sales .
(4) Does not Include shares held In escro w
(5) These transactions are added to the Sub -Total to compute total Class Period holdings .
77. All of defendants ' Class Period sales occurred during the period when
Hess stock was trading at historically high, even record-breaking levels and during th e
period when defendants knew that Hess was actively negotiating to acquire Triton fo r
at least $44 per share and were obligated to disclose these material facts and/or refrai n
from trading .
and cash bonuses in 2001 ($1 million salary and $1 .5 million cash bonuses) .
Likewise, defendant Laidlaw received $2 .5 million in salary, cash bonuses and other
compensation in 2000 ($900,000 salary, $1 .5 million cash bonuses and $140,000 for
defendant Wright received an annual fee of $55,000 in addition to $75,000 for servin g
on the Executive Committee with John Hess . He also received $1,500 for each boar d
meeting attended .
41
FIRST CLAIM FOR RELIE F
80. During the Class Period, defendants disseminated or approved the fals e
facts necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstance s
81 . Defendants violated § 10(b) of the 1934 Act and Rule I Ob-5 in that they:
as a fraud or deceit upon plaintiff and others similarly situated in connection with their
82. Plaintiff and the Class have suffered damages in that, in reliance on th e
integrity of the market, they paid artificially inflated prices for Hess common stock .
Plaintiff and the Class would not have purchased Hess common stock at the price they
paid, or at all, if they had been aware that the market price had been artificially an d
42
falsely inflated by defendants' misleading statements and by their failure to disclos e
material information that they were under a legal duty to disclose and/or which was
plaintiff and the other members of the Class suffered damages in connection with their
herein.
information about Hess at the time of his sales of over one million shares of his Hes s
participation in the scheme to defraud investors herein described, or his sales of stoc k
violated the 1934 Act and applicable rules and regulations thereunder .
87 . Plaintiff and all other members of the Class who purchased shares o f
Hess common stock contemporaneously with John Hess' sales of Hess common stoc k
have suffered substantial damages in that, in reliance on the integrity of the market,
43
they paid artificially inflated prices for Hess common stock as a result of John Hess '
violations of the 1934 Act as herein described, and they would not have purchased
Hess stock at the prices they paid, or at all, if they had been aware that the marke t
value of Hess common stock had been artificially and falsely inflated by defendants '
misleading statements and omissions . At the time of the purchase by plaintiff, the fai r
and true market value of Hess common stock was substantially less than the price i t
paid.
herein.
89. Hess controlled each of the Individual Defendants within the meaning o f
the 1934 Act. As a direct and proximate result of Hess' wrongful conduct, plaintiff
and the other members of the Class suffered damages in connection with thei r
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure on behalf of all persons who purchased Hess
common stock (the "Class") on the open market during the Class Pe riod. Excluded
44
from the Class are defendants . The members of the Class are so numerous that joinde r
of all members is impracticable . The disposition of their claims in a class action wil l
provide substantial benefits to the parties and the Court . As of 6/30/01, Hess had
thousands of persons .
fact involved in this case . Questions of law and fact common to the members of th e
Class which predominate over questions which may affect individual Class member s
include :
make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made ,
not misleading ;
(e) Whether the price of Hess common stock was artificially inflated;
and
45
93 . Plaintiff's claims are typical of those of the Class because plaintiff an d
94. Plaintiff will adequately protect the interests of the Class and has retained
counsel who are experienced in class action securities litigation . Plaintiff has n o
C. Awarding plaintiff and the members of the Class pre judgment and post-
judgment interest, as well as their reasonable attorneys' fees, expert witness fees and
other costs;
plaintiff and the Class against defendants, their agents and all persons acting under, i n
46
G. Awarding restitution of investors' monies of which they were defrauded ;
permitted by law, equity and/or the federal statutory provisions sued hereunder ,
pursuant to Rules 64 and 65 and any appropriate state law remedies to assure that th e
1. Awarding such other relief as this Court may deem just and proper .
JURY DEMAN D
ETER S .
Liaison Counse l
47
DeCARLO, CONNOR & SELVO
JOHN T. DeCARLO
533 South Fremont Avenue, 9th Floor
Los Angeles, CA 90071-1706
Telephone : 213/488-4100
213/488-4180 (fax)
48
EX HIBIT 1
.Ti
5 . During the three years prior to the date of this Certificate, Plaintif f
has not sought to serve or served as a representative party for a class in an action
filed under the federal securities laws except as detailed below :
Pipefitters Local 522 & 633 Pension Trust Fund v. JDS Uniphase Corporation,
et al., No . C-02-1486-CW (N.D. Cal.)
Pierce v. Morris, et al., No 4 :03-CV-026-Y (N .D. Tex.)
AMERADA HESS
wages) directly relating to the representation of the class as ordered or approved
by the court.
I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct .
Executed this'. 25th day of march , 2003 .
By:_
Do( las','J . McCarron
Its : Chairma n
SECURITIES TRANSACTION S
Acquisitions
Date Type/Amount of
Acguire d Securities Acquired Pric e
Sales
Date Type/Amount of
Sol d Securities Sold Price