Principles of Biology 1

Module 2 Lecture
INSTRUCTIONS:

Print a copy of this lecture assignment.

Read and study chapter 2.
Answer the questions on your printed copy .

Answer the following questions

1. Which of the following is made up of a combination of the others?
a. atoms
b. electrons
c. protons
d. neutrons
2. The negative subatomic particle is the:
a. neutron
b. proton
c. electron
d. neutron and proton
3. The positive subatomic particle is the:
a. neutron
b. proton
c. electron
d. neutron and proton
4. The atomic number refers to the
a. mass of an atom.
b. number of protons in an atom.
c. number of both protons and electrons in an atom.
d. number of electrons in an atom.
5. The atomic mass of an atom is determined by the number of:
a. neutrons and protons
b. neutrons and electrons
c. protons and electrons
d. protons only
6. Magnesium has an atomic number-12 and an atomic mass number- 24. How many electrons
are in its third energy shell?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8

7. How many protons are in an atom of Magnesium?

a. 24
b. 8
c. 2
d. 12
8. How many neutrons are in an atom of Magnesium?
a. 12
b. 24
c. 8
d. 2
9. What is the maximum number of electrons that can be found in the first shell of an atom?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
10. Sodium has eleven protons. How many electrons does it have in its outermost shell?
a. one
b. two
c. four
d. six
11. Isotopes are:
a. charged ions.
b. locations of electrons in atoms.
c. atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons.
d. atoms of the same element that differ in the number of electrons.
12. A molecule is
a. a carrier of one or more neutrons.
b. electrically charged.
c. a combination of two or more atoms.
d. unstable
13. A compound is
a. a physical mixture of two or more elements.
b. a chemical combination of atoms whose proportions do not vary.
c. any substance that will dissolve in water.
d. the smallest unit of matter
14. The chemical symbol for Iodine is:
a. Io
b. I
c. In
d. Pb

15. The chemical symbol for Potassium is:

a. P
b. Po
c. T
d. K
16. The chemical symbol for Magnesium is:
a. M
b. Ma
c. Mg
d. Mn
17. Which of the following is true of an ion?
a. It may be positive or negative.
b. It forms by the gain or loss of a proton(s).
c. They are electrically neutral atoms.
d. They are the smallest particle of an electron.
18. A sharing of electrons between atoms results in which of the following bonds?
a. ionic
b. covalent
c. hydrogen
d. polypeptide
19. A bond formed due to the gain and loss of electrons between atoms is a(n) _____ bond.
a. ionic
b. covalent
c. hydrogen
d. peptide
20. Which of the following bonds is most easily broken?
a. ionic bond
b. hydrogen bond
c. covalent bond
d. all are unbreakable
21. Temperature is:
a. the amount of heat given off by an object.
b. a measure of the bonding power in molecules.
c. non-variable.
d. the measure of the molecular motion of a given substance.
22. Waters capacity to resist rupturing due to the presence of hydrogen bonding is termed:
a. cohesion
b. conversion
c. evaporation
d. condensation

23. Polar substances that dissolve in water are said to be:

a. oils
b. hydrophobic
c. waxes
d. hydrophilic
24. Water is a(n):
a. nonpolar molecule
b. polar molecule
c. element
d. ion
25. Substances with a pH between 0 and 7 are:
a. acidic
b. basic
c. neutral
d. alkaline
26. Substances with a pH between 7 and 14 are:
a. acidic
b. basic
c. neutral
d. buffers
27. pH
a. refers to the hydrogen ion concentration of a substance in solution.
b. is low for bases.
c. is neutral at 6.
d. refers to the number of protons in a hydrogen atom at standard atmospheric pressure.
28. Cellular pH is kept near a value of 7 because of
a. salts
b. buffer systems
c. acids
d. bases
29. How do hydrophobic molecules react with water?
a. attracted to it
b. absorbed by it
c. repelled by it
d. mix with it
30. Three of the four answers listed below are characteristics of water. Select the exception.
a. stabilizes temperature.
b. good solvent
c. cohesion and surface tension.
d. nonpolar

Match the following terms and definitions.

31. An intermingling of two or more elements in proportions that can vary.
a. element
b. radioisotope
c. solute
d. mixture
32. Any molecule or ion that dissolves in some solvent.
a. element
b. radioisotope
c. solute
d. mixture
33. A splendid tracer used in many research techniques and as cancer destroying therapy.
a. element
b. radioisotope
c. solute
d. mixture
34. A fundamental form of matter that cannot be broken down into something different by
ordinary means.
a. element
b. radioisotope
c. solute
d. mixture
Match the following substances to their appropriate pH values.
35. Pure water
a. 1
b. 4
c. 7
d. 10
36. Milk of magnesia
a. 1
b. 4
c. 7
d. 10
37. Stomach (gastric) fluid
a. 1
b. 4
c. 7
d. 10
38. Tomatoes
a. 1
b. 4
c. 7
d. 10

The following are types of chemical bonds. Answer the following by matching the statement
with the most appropriate bond type.
39. The bond between the atoms of table salt.
a. hydrogen
b. ionic
c. nonpolar covalent
d. polar covalent
40. The bond type holding several molecules of water together.
a. hydrogen
b. ionic
c. nonpolar covalent
d. polar covalent
41. The bond formed between an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms in a molecule of water in
which electrons are shared unequally.
a. hydrogen
b. ionic
c. nonpolar covalent
d. polar covalent
42. The bond between the hydrogen atoms of hydrogen gas in which electrons are shared equally.
a. hydrogen
b. ionic
c. nonpolar covalent
d. polar covalent

Match the following elements found in the human body with their appropriate chemical
symbol.
43. Carbon
a. Cl
b. C
c. P
d. Na
44. Phosphorus
a. Cl
b. C
c. P
d. Na
45. Chlorine
a. Cl
b. C
c. P
d. Na

46. Sodium
a. Cl
b. C
c. P
d. Na
Fill in the blank.
47. A _________ is a unit of matter, which occupies the atomic nucleus and has a mass but no
electrical charge. (Spelling Counts!)
48. A chlorine atom has ________ (fill in with a number) electrons in its outermost shell.
49. Water-loving substances are termed _______ while water-fearing substances are termed
hydrophobic. (Spelling Counts!)
50. A solution with a pH of 10 is _____ (fill in with a number) times as basic as one with a pH of
8.