EXTRABefore a Flood:

Avoid building in a floodplain unless you elevate and reinforce your home.
Elevate the furnace, water heater, and electric panel if susceptible to flooding
.
Install "check valves" in sewer traps to prevent flood water from backing up int
o the drains of your home.
Construct barriers (levees, beams, floodwalls) to stop floodwater from entering
the building.
Seal walls in basements with waterproofing compounds to avoid seepage.
During a Flood:
Listen to the radio or television for information
If there is any possibility of a flash flood, move immediately to higher ground.
Do not wait for instructions to move.
Be aware of streams, drainage channels, canyons, and other areas known to flood
suddenly.
If you must prepare to evacuate, you should do the following:
Secure your home. If you have time, bring in outdoor furniture. Move essential i
tems to an upper floor.
Turn off utilities at the main switches or valves if instructed to do so. Discon
nect electrical appliances.
If you have to leave your home, remember these evacuation tips:
If you have to walk in water, walk where the water is not moving. Use a stick to
check the firmness of the ground in front of you.
Do not drive into flooded areas. If floodwaters rise around your car, abandon th
e car and move to higher ground if you can do so safely.
Driving Flood Facts:
Six inches of water will reach the bottom of most passenger cars causing loss of
control and possible stalling.
A foot of water will float many vehicles.
Two feet of rushing water can carry away most vehicles including sport utility v
ehicles (SUV's) and pick-ups.
After a Flood:
Listen for news reports to learn whether the community's water supply is safe to
drink.
Avoid floodwaters; water may be contaminated by oil, gasoline, or raw sewage. Wa
ter may also be electrically charged from underground or downed power lines.
Avoid moving water.
Be aware of areas where floodwaters have receded. Roads may have weakened and co
uld collapse under the weight of a car.
Stay away from downed power lines, and report them to the power company.
Return home only when authorities indicate it is safe.
Stay out of any building if it is surrounded by floodwaters.
Use extreme caution when entering buildings; there may be hidden damage, particu
larly in foudations.
Service damaged septic tanks, cesspools, pits, and leaching systems as soon as p
ossible. Damaged sewage systems are serious health hazards.
Clean and disinfect everything that got wet. Mud left from floodwater can contai
n sewage and chemicals.
SAFE CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES-Safe construction practices are rules that should be
followed for the safety of those on a construction site. Proper footwear and he
adgear must be worn at all times. Dangerous areas should be clearly marked or ro
ped off. Equipment must be properly stored and turned off when not in use.
When there is a natural disaster, there is a huge loss of lives, properties,live
lihoods,etc.... therefore the most successful way to mitigate these losses, is t
o construct buildings that are disaster resistant safe construction practices ar
e those practices which should be followed in disaster prone areas while
constructing houses or any type of buildings so as to avoid so much damage at th
e time of a disaster.

---------------------------------X----X-----X---X-------------------------------FINALBibliography- INTERNET SITES-www.haffingtonpost.com

www.google.co.in
images.google.com
english.manoramaonline.com
www.NDTV.com
www.outlook.com
www.wikipedia.org
NEWS CHANNELS-NDTV 24x7
ABP News
DD news
IBN 7
Times Now
NEWS PAPERS-The Times Of India
Amar Ujala(Hindi)
The Tribune
Dainik Bhaskar(Hindi)
Divya Himachal(Hindi)
MAGEZINES-Outlook Magezine
GEO
BOOKS-Disaster Management Class 10
Disaster Management Class 9
CHAPTER 1When there is a natural disaster, there is a huge loss of lives, properties,live
lihoods,etc.... therefore the most successful way to mitigate these losses, is t
o construct buildings that are disaster resistant safe construction practices ar
e those practices which should be followed in disaster prone areas while
constructing houses or any type of buildings so as to avoid so much damage at th
e time of a disaster.
There are some rules that should be followed for the safety of those on a constr
uction site and during the construction of the buildings. These rules areProper footwear and headgear must be worn at all times. Dangerous areas should b
e clearly marked or roped off.
Equipment must be properly stored and turned off when not in use.
There are 4 types of hazards Earthquake-Caused due to the movement of the tectonic plates.
Floods-caused due to heavy rainfall or breaking of dams and cloudbursts
Landslides-caused due to deforestation or sliding of loose soil
Cyclones-caused by winds blowing around a central area of low atmospheric pressu
re
CHAPtER 2A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land which is normally dry. Flood
ing may occur as an overflow of water from water bodies, such as a river or lake
, in which the water overtops or breaks levees, resulting in some of that water
escaping its usual boundaries, or it may occur due to an accumulation of rainwat
er on saturated ground in an areal flood.
Floods can also occur in rivers when the flow rate exceeds the capacity of the r
iver channel, particularly at bends or meanders in the waterway.
Some floods develop slowly, while others such as flash floods, can develop in ju
st a few minutes and without visible signs of rain.Floods can be local, impactin
g a neighbourhood or community, or very large, affecting entire river basins.
Some of the most deadeliest floods in the world's history are 1931 China floods,

1911 Yangtze river flood, Indian Ocean tsunami etc.

The states falling within the periphery of "India Flood Prone Areas" are West Be
ngal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Assam, Bihar, Gujrat, Uttar Pradesh, Harya
na and Punjab. The intense monsoon rains from southwest causes rivers like Brahm
aputra, Ganga, Yamuna etc. to swell their banks, which
in turn floods the adjacent areas.
The effects of flooding include loss of life, damage to buildings and other stru
ctures, including bridges, sewerage systems, roadways, and canals.
Infrastructure damage also frequently damages power transmission and sometimes p
ower generation, which then has knock-on effects caused by the loss of power. Th
is includes loss of drinking water treatment and water supply. It may also cause
the loss of sewage disposal facilities. Lack of clean water combined with human
sewage in the flood waters raises the risk of waterborne diseases, which can in
clude typhoid, giardia, cryptosporidium, cholera and many other diseases dependi
ng upon the location of the flood.
CHAPTER 3Thunderstorms, rising water and large runoff are some of the warning signals tha
t individuals can use to stay alert to the danger. It is imperative to keep trac
k of the weather in areas that are prone to flooding, such as low-lying areas ne
ar streams and rivers.
Floods can happen on flat or low-lying areas when the ground is saturated and wa
ter either cannot run off or cannot run off quickly enough to stop accumulating
or if water falls on an impermeable surface, such as concrete, paving or frozen
ground, and cannot rapidly dissipate into the ground.
Flash floods occur within six hours of a rain event, or after a dam or levee fai
lure, or following a sudden release of water held by an ice or debris jam, and f
lash floods can catch people unprepared.
As land is converted from fields or woodlands to roads and parking lots, it lose
s its ability to absorb rainfall. Urbanization has increased runoff two to six t
imes over what would occur on natural terrain.
When the rate of rainfall exceeds the drainage capacity of the area, it leads to
flooding. When this occurs on tilled fields, it can result in a muddy flood. Fl
ooding occurs in known floodplains when prolonged rainfall over several days, in
tense rainfall over a short period of time, or an ice or debris jam causes a riv
er or stream to overflow and flood the surrounding area.
CHAPTER 4From book
CHAPTER 5Flooding is an annual occurrence in India, which depends on monsoon rains for ag
riculture. The heavy downpours often cause loss of life and property. but this t
ime it was a different case .
in uttarakhand flash flooding occured in Haridwar,Almora Dist.Hemkund Sahib, Luc
know,
Rudraparyag Dist.,Chomli ,Gaurikund, Kedarnath, Pandukeshwar, Badrinath, Junglec
hatti, Uttarkashi Dist., Rambara,Joshimath, Govindghat, Hanuman Chetti ,Harsil ,
Govindghat ,Peoplecoti ,Dharchula ,Guptkashi and Sonprayag
These floods were caused due to heavy rain on 17 june 2013. The upper Himalayan
territories of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand are full of forests, ranges of h
ills and snow-covered mountains and historic Hindu pilgrimage sites and one maj
or, historic Sikh pilgrimage site (Hemkund Sahib) besides several tourist spots
and trekking venues. On June 17, 2013 Uttarakhand received rainfall that was abo
ut 375 % more than the benchmark of 65.9 mm rainfall during a normal monsoon. I
t as more than 340 millimetres (13 in) of rainfall which caused those flash floo
ds in Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Western Nepal, and acute rainfall in oth
er nearby reagions of Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and some parts of Tibet. In
the city of Dehra Dun, capital of Uttarakhand, this was the wettest June day for

over five decades. Heavy rainfall for four consecutive days as well as melting
snow aggravated the floods. This caused thousands of people to be caught unaware
, resulting in huge loss of life and property .
More than a dozen people died in the state's Rudraprayag district alone. A lands
lide triggered by the monsoon rains buried a bus, killing three people in Almora
district. At least three other people were washed away when a three-story apart
ment building toppled into a river and was carried away by the swift-moving curr
ent .
The Army, Air Force, Navy, Indo-Tibetan Border Police, Border Security Force,
National Disaster Response Force, Public Works Department and local administrati
ons worked together for quick rescue operations. Activists of political and soci
al organizations were also involved in the rescue and management of relief centr
es. The national highway and other important roads were closed to regular traffi
c. Helicopters were used to rescue people. The Army had deployed 10,000 soldiers
and 11 helicopters,the Navy had sent 45 naval divers, and the Air force had dep
loyed 43 aircraft including 36 helicopters. On June 25, an IAF resue chopper cra
shed. Eight of those on-board were fatally injured. More than 10,000 pilgrims st
randed along a mountain pass leading to a Hindu religious site, were evacuated
by helicopter after roads to the pilgrimage spots were blocked by landslides.
Army and paramilitary troops rescued scores of people from the rooftops of th
eir flooded homes. The state government dropped food parcels and drinking water
pouches to villages cut off after many roads were washed away.(((The River Gan
ges and its tributaries were flowing above the danger mark in several areas in t
he Himalayan state.)))A high alert and flood warnings was issued across Udhampur
district and in the Hindu holy city of Haridwar as rivers breached their banks.
Eight quick reaction medical teams had established medical aid posts in Rudrapr
ayag, Joshimath, Govindghat and Dharchula to provide life saving assistance. Bes
ides, stranded pilgrims had been given expert and specialist medical advice on t
elephone via virtual network through Medical Emergency Helpline.
Army assistance centres had been established at Harsil, Uttarkashi, Rudraprayag,
Joshimath, Govindghat, Hanuman Chetti and Dharchula to provide information, med
ical aid, food and water to stranded pilgrims.Hundreds of pilgrims were evacuate
d by the Army on foot from Govind Ghat to Joshimath. Army also launched a dozen
reconnaissance parties to inaccessible areas to obtain first hand information.Th
e route to sangla valley was closed and water, electricity and food supply were
stopped due to harsh weather conditions, breakdown of telephone lines and washin
g away of roads that were the only connecting routes from Sangla to other places
.
Except the Kedarnath Temple everything around the temple including shops ,houses
,hotels ,etc were washed away during the floods, resulting in heavy casualty. T
he major destruction at Kedarnath was caused by the sudden rapid melting of ice
and snow on Kedarnath Mounts, 6 km (3.7 mi) from the temple, which flooded the C
harbari lake and then Kedarnath below. Panic within the temple caused a stampede
resulting in the deaths of 1000 and more people on 22-06-2013 around 08:00pm. T
he Uttarakhand Government has announced that, due to the extensive damage to inf
rastructure, the Kedarnath temple will be temporarily closed to regular pilgrims
and tourists for a year wheras the temple rituals will be maintained by priests
.
The official death toll in Uttarakhand was more than 1000 and about 9000 people
were missing. 365 houses were destroyed, 275 houses were partially damaged in th
e floods. Local People also played an important role in recuing the pilgrims and
other people.They helped many people and saved the lives of many . around 6-7
people were rescued by them on 19 june.
Many NGOs had helped the flood hit victims as seen in the table on the left side
.
ibn7 collected food ,clothes,toothbrushes, and other needs for sending them to t
he flood victims. timesnow started an helpline by which they will let us know in
formation about our family members .Since these floods are very recent the devas
tation is still like what it was when the rescue operations. but the restoration
of the roads and communication facilities have been started . damaged buildings

will be repaired after the mass funeral at Kedarnath Temple.

Coclusion-in my opinion there should be some arrangements made in advance for th
e floods because there were also floods in Uttarakhan in the recent years of 201
1 and 2012. The flow of tourists should have been regulated which have made the
fatalities less. many buildings especially hotels ,guesthouses,lodges at the ban
k of the rivers should have been stopped from constucting as it was an illegal a
ct of construction. And most importantly in Uttarakhand there are many(500 APROX
)dam projects on rivers like Bhagirati and its tributeries which have made the m
ountains fragile and hallow which already is a sesimic zone. Therefore if Sundar
lal Bahuguna and many other environmentalogists were listened this disaster may
not have occured.
CHAPTER 6Posters
CHAPTER 7suggestions
CHAPTER 8Bibliography