Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
CONTENTS
Executive summary
Abbreviations
nsn.com
Executive summary
Despite the rapid development and growing deployment of LTE, HSPA continues to evolve to
bring improved performance. Release 11 contains a number of features that fulfill the IMT-A
requirements for HSPA. 4x4 MIMO, Multiflow, and 8 carrier HSDPA improve the downlink peak
data rate, average and cell edge spectral efficiency, while UL Beamforming, UL MIMO and
64QAM improve the uplink peak data rate, average and cell edge spectral efficiency. Further
enhancements to CELL_FACH give increased device battery savings, better mobility to and from
LTE and increased user data rates in CELL_FACH mode.
Yet, HSPA evolution will not stop there and will continue to improve in several areas yet to be
standardized in Release 12. These improvements will help HSPA tackle the large amount of data
that needs to be served before offloading to LTE.
nsn.com
8- Carrier HSDPA
Dual Carrier (DC) HSDPA is a 3GPP Release 8 feature commercially deployed in many markets.
However, a major drawback is that it is limited to aggregating two adjacent 5 MHz radio carriers
within the same band. Release 9 extends DC-HSDPA operation to two 5 MHz carriers, each on a
separate frequency band. Release 10 extends multicarrier functionality to aggregate four carriers,
while Release 11 extends this still further to eight carriers. The end result is a peak data rate of
336 Mbps with 2x2 MIMO and a rate of 672 Mbps when combined with 4x4 MIMO. With Release
11 non-adjacent carriers can also be aggregated on the same frequency band.
Downlink 4x4 MIMO for HSDPA
A multi-antenna solution with 2x2 MIMO has already been deployed in the downlink in
commercial HSDPA networks. The next step, which is included in Release 11, is to push multiantenna transmission to 4x4 MIMO. As well as doubling the peak data rate, this can also improve
the typical cell capacity and user data rates.
When coupled with 64QAM, 4x4 MIMO also exceeds the minimum ITU IMT-Advanced
requirements, achieving 17.2 bits/s/Hz peak spectral efficiency, compared to the minimum
requirement of 15 bits/s/Hz.
Uplink Beamforming, dual stream MIMO and 64QAM for HSUPA
Beamforming uses a technique in which a pre-coded signal is transmitted from several antennas.
The signals are combined over the channel, giving better data rate coverage and lower
interference between cells. In favorable radio conditions, this can achieve more than 2 dB in the
2013 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
nsn.com
link budget, giving up to 30% higher average uplink data rates throughout the cell and up to 40%
higher data rates at the cell edge.
In very good channel conditions and when a high received signal-to-noise ratio is possible, the
user equipment may also use dual stream MIMO transmission with two orthogonal beam
patterns. This effectively doubles the raw bit rate on the physical layer, which can be tripled by
also moving from 16QAM to 64QAM.
Uplink beamforming helps achieve the average performance and cell edge performance
requirements of the ITU IMT-Advanced requirements. The uplink 2x2 MIMO together with 64QAM
modulation, achieves 6.9 bits/s/Hz peak spectral efficiency, exceeding the IMT-A minimum
requirement of 6.75 bits/s/Hz.
2 TX
antennas
2 or 4 RX
antennas
nsn.com
interference
signal
data
stream 1
signal
data
stream 2
signal
data
stream 1
nsn.com
nsn.com
Abbreviations
ACK
Acknowledgement
CQI
DC
Dual Carrier
DRX
Discontinuous Reception
EDCH
HSPA
HS-DPCCH
IMT
ITU
LTE
MIMO
MTC
NACK
Negative Acknowledgement
PRACH
RACH
RGCH
RRC
TTI
nsn.com