RANGANATHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Academic year 2014-15

Course Material

Staff

Course code

ME 6401

Course Name

KINEMATICS OF MACHINERY

Year /Sem

II yr & IV Sem

Faculty Name

NATESHASUNDHARAN.T

HOD

Principal

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
Sl.No

Page No

1.

Course Syllabus

2.

University Question Papers

3.

Question Bank

4.

Cycle Test Question Papers

5.

Internal Test Question Papers

6.

Model Exam Question Papers

7.

Solved Question Bank

ME6401

KINEMATICS OF MACHINERY

L T P C
3 0 0 3

OBJECTIVES:

To understand the basic components and layout of linkages in the assembly of a system /
machine.

To understand the principles in analyzing the assembly with respect to the displacement,
velocity, and acceleration at any point in a link of a mechanism.

To understand the motion resulting from a specified set of linkages, design few linkage
mechanisms and cam mechanisms for specified output motions.

To understand the basic concepts of toothed gearing and kinematics of gear trains and the
effects of friction in motion transmission and in machine components.
UNIT I
BASICS OF MECHANISMS
9
Classification of mechanisms Basic kinematic concepts and definitions Degree of freedom,
Mobility Kutzbach criterion, Grueblers criterion Grashofs Law Kinematic inversions of four-bar
chain and slider crank chains Limit positions Mechanical advantage Transmission Angle
Description of some common mechanisms Quick return mechanisms, Straight line generators,
Universal Joint rocker mechanisms.
UNIT II
KINEMATICS OF LINKAGE MECHANISMS
9
Displacement, velocity and acceleration analysis of simple mechanisms Graphical method Velocity
and acceleration polygons Velocity analysis using instantaneous centres kinematic analysis of
simple mechanisms Coincident points Coriolis component of Acceleration Introduction to linkage
synthesis problem.
UNIT III
KINEMATICS OF CAM MECHANISMS
9
Classification of cams and followers Terminology and definitions Displacement diagrams Uniform
velocity, parabolic, simple harmonic and cycloidal motions Derivatives of follower motions Layout
of plate cam profiles Specified contour cams Circular arc and tangent cams Pressure angle and
undercutting sizing of cams.
UNIT IV
GEARS AND GEAR TRAINS
9
Law of toothed gearing Involutes and cycloidal tooth profiles Spur Gear terminology and definitions
Gear tooth action contact ratio Interference and undercutting. Helical, Bevel, Worm, Rack and
Pinion gears [Basics only]. Gear trains Speed ratio, train value Parallel axis gear trains Epicyclic
Gear Trains.
UNIT V
FRICTION IN MACHINE ELEMENTS
9
Surface contacts Sliding and Rolling friction Friction drives Friction in screw threads Bearings
and lubrication Friction clutches Belt and rope drives Friction in brakes- Band and Block brakes.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of this course, the students can able to apply fundamentals of mechanism for
the design of new mechanisms and analyse them for optimum design.
TEXT BOOKS:
1.
Uicker, J.J., Pennock G.R and Shigley, J.E., Theory of Machines and Mechanisms, 3rd
Edition, Oxford University Press, 2009.
2.
Rattan, S.S, Theory of Machines, 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2009.
REFERENCES:
1.
Thomas Bevan, "Theory of Machines", 3rd Edition, CBS Publishers and Distributors, 2005.
2.
Cleghorn. W. L, Mechanisms of Machines, Oxford University Press, 2005
3.
Robert L. Norton, "Kinematics and Dynamics of Machinery", Tata McGraw-Hill, 2009.
4.
Allen S. Hall Jr., Kinematics and Linkage Design, Prentice Hall, 1961
5.
Ghosh. A and Mallick, A.K., Theory of Mechanisms and Machines", Affiliated East-West Pvt.

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Reg. No. :

Question Paper Code : T3051

B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2009
Third Semester
Mechanical Engineering
ME 2203 KINEMATICS OF MACHINERY
(Regulation 2008)
Time : Three hours

Maximum : 100 Marks

Sketches to be drawn neatly

A3 size drawing sheet will be issued if required

Answer ALL Questions
PART A (10 2 = 20 Marks)
1.

State Grueblers criterion for spatial mechanism.

2.

Define Mechanical Advantage.

3.

What is coriolis acceleration?

4.

What is meant by virtual centre?

5.

Why is a roller follower preferred to knife edge follower?

6.

Define Under cutting in cam.

7.

State the law of gearing.

8.

Write the mobility of differential mechanism.

9.

What do you mean by self-locking screws?

10.

Give the effect of centrifugal tension in belt drives.

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10

PART B (5 16 = 80 Marks)
11.

(a)

(i)

Define transmission angle. Sketch a drag-link mechanism in

maximum transmission angle and minimum transmission angle
positions and explain.
(10)

(ii)

Sketch and explain Whitworth quick return mechanism.

(6)

Or
(b)

12.

(a)

(i)

Describe various inversions of double slider crank-mechanism with

sketches.
(10)

(ii)

Discuss about the straight line generators.

(6)

In a simple steam engine, the lengths of the crank and the connecting rod
are 100 mm and 400 mm respectively. The weight of the connecting rod is
50 kg and its centre of mass is 220 mm from the cross head centre. The
radius of gyration about the centre of mass is 120 mm. If the engine
speed is 300 rpm and the crank has turned 45 from IDC, determine
(i)

The angular velocity and acceleration of the connecting rod

(ii)

Kinetic energy of the connecting rod.

(16)

Or

13.

(b)

PQRS is a four bar chain with a fixed link PS. The lengths of the links
are : PQ = 62.5 mm, QR = 175 mm, RS = 112.5 mm and PS = 200 mm.
The crank PQ rotates at 10 rad/s clockwise. Draw the velocity and
acceleration diagram when angle QPS = 60 and find the angular velocity
and angular acceleration of the links QR and RS.
(16)

(a)

A disc cam used for moving a knife edge follower with SHM during lift
and uniform acceleration and retardation motion during return. Cam
rotates at 300 rpm clockwise direction. The line of motion of the follower
has an offset 10 mm to the right angle of cam shaft axis. The minimum
radius of the cam is 30 mm. The lift of the follower is 40 mm. The cam
rotation angles are: lift 60, dwell 90, return 120 and remaining angle
for dwell. Draw the cam profile and determine the maximum velocity and
acceleration during the lift and return.
(16)
Or

(b)

What is tangent cam? Derive the expressions for the velocity and
acceleration of a roller follower in the tangent cam.
(16)

T 3051

11
11

14.

(a)

A pair of spur gears with involute teeth is to give a gear ratio of 3:1. The
arc of approach is not to be less than the circular pitch and smaller wheel
is the driver. The angle of pressure is 20
(i)

What is the least number of teeth that can be used on each wheel?

(ii)

What is the addendum of the wheel in terms of circular pitch?

(16)

Or

15.

(b)

In an epicyclic gear train, an annular wheel A having 54 teeth meshes

with a planet wheel B which gears with a sun wheel C, the wheels A and
C being rotates about the axis of the wheels A and C. If the wheel A
makes 20 rpm in a clockwise sense and the arm rotates at 100 rpm in the
anticlockwise direction and the wheel C has 24 teeth, determine the
speed and direction of rotation of wheel C.
(16)

(a)

(i)

Derive the condition for maximum efficiency of screw.

(ii)

A bicycle and rider of mass 100 kg are travelling at the rate of

16 km/hr on a level road. A brake is applied to the rear wheel which
is 0.9 m in diameter and this is the only resistance acting. How
many turns will it make before it comes to rest? The pressure
applied on the brake is 100 N and = 0.05.
(8)

(8)

Or
(b)

A rope drive is required to transmit 230 kW from a pulley of 1 m

diameter running at 450 rpm. The safe pull in each rope is 800 N and the
mass of the rope is 0.4 kg per meter length. The angle of lap and the
groove is 160 and 45 respectively. If = 0.3, find the number of ropes
required.

(16)

T 3051

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Reg. No. :

Question Paper Code: E3130

B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL/MAY 2010
Third Semester
Mechanical Engineering
ME2203 KINEMATICS OF MACHINERY
(Regulation 2008)
Time: Three hours

Maximum: 100 Marks

Answer ALL Questions
PART A (10 2 = 20 Marks)

1.

Define Degree of Freedom and give the DOF for a cam with roller follower.

2.

List out the applications of Straight line motion mechanisms.

3.

A slider sliding at 100 mm/sec on a link, which is rotating at 60 rpm is

subjected to Coriolis acceleration. Find its magnitude.

4.

Define rubbing velocity.

5.

Name any two types of cams with specified contours.

6.

What are the different types of motion with which a follower can move?

7.

What is axial pitch of a helical gear?

8.

What is the role of Idlers in gear trains?

9.

Define virtual coefficient of friction.

10.

State the condition for maximum power transmission in a belt drive and

deduce the expression for corresponding belt velocity.

PART B (5 16 = 80 Marks)
11.

(a)

Perform the kinematic analysis of the following Exact Straight Line

(2 8 = 16)

motion mechanisms.
(i)

Peaucellier Mechanism.

(ii)

Harts Mechanism.
Or

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(b)

(i)

Sketch and explain any three inversions of a double slider crank

chain.

(ii)

(9)

Illustrate a crank and slotted lever mechanism as an inversion of

single slider crank chain. Deduce an expression for length of stroke
in terms of link lengths.

12.

(a)

(7)

The mechanism of a warping machine is shown in the figure given

below. Various dimensions are as follows. O1A = 100 mm; AC =

700 mm;
BC = 200 mm ; BD = 150mm; O2D = 200mm; O2E = 400mm; O3C =
200mm . The crank O1A rotates at a uniform speed of 100 rad/sec.
Determine
(i)
Linearthe
velocity of the point E on the bell crank lever

(ii)

Angular velocity of link AC and BD.

Or
(b)

Derive the expression for determining the angular position of the coupler
link and the output link of a four bar mechanism.

13.

(a)

It is required to set out the profile of a cam to give the following motion to
the reciprocating follower with a flat mushroom contact face:
(i)
Follower to have a stroke of 20 mm during 120 of cam rotation
(ii) Follower to dwell for 30 of cam rotation
(iii) Follower to return to its position during 120 of cam rotation
(iv) Follower to dwell for the remaining period.
The minimum radius of the cam is 25 mm. The outstroke of the
follower is performed with simple harmonic motion and the return
stroke with equal uniform acceleration and retardation.
Or

(b)

Construct a tangent cam and mention the important terminologies on it.

Also derive the expression for displacement, velocity and acceleration of a
reciprocating roller follower when the roller has contact with the nose.

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E 3130

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14.

(a)

(i)

State and prove Law of gearing, and thus derive the expression
for Velocity of sliding.
(10)

(ii) Prove that the maximum length of arc of contact between a pair
of gear tooth to avoid interference is (r + R)tan .
(6)

Or
(b)

15.

(a)

(i)

Diagrammatically show the following with reference to a spur gear

tooth:
Face width, Pitch circle,
Clearance,
Tooth
thickness,
Addendum and Dedendum.
(6 1 = 6)

(ii)

An epicyclic gear train is shown in the following figure. How many

revolutions does the arm makes when (1) A makes one revolution in
clockwise and D makes 1/2 a revolution in the opposite sense and
(2) A makes one revolution in clockwise and D remains stationary?
The number of teeth in gears A and D are 40 and 90 respectively.
(10)

(i)

Prove that the torque transmitted by a cone clutch, when the

2 W r13 r23

intensity of pressure is uniform is given by, T =

3 sin r12 r22
with usual notations.

(ii)

(8)

An effort of 200 N is required to just move a certain body up an

inclined plane of an angle 15, the force is acting parallel to the
plane. If the angle of inclination of the plane is made 20, the effort
required parallel to the plane is found to be 230 N. Determine the
weight of the body and the coefficient of friction.
(8)
Or

(b)

A compressor requires 90 kW to operate at 250 rpm. The drive is by V

belts from an electric motor running at 750 rpm. The diameter of the
pulley on the compressor shaft must not be greater than 1 meter while
the center distance between the pulleys is limited to 1.75 m. The belt
speed should not exceed 1600 m/min. Determine the number of V belts
required to transmit the power if each belt has a cross sectional area of
375 mm2; density 1000 kg/m3 and an allowable tensile stress of 2.5 MPa.
The groove angle of the pulley is 35. The coefficient of friction between
the belt and the pulley is 0.25. Also calculate the length of each belt.

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E 3130

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Reg, No.;

Questiot

I L g 0 q I l

l+

0 3

PtP@

2o1o
B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NQVEMBpBIpECEMBER

Thipd Semqster
Mechanical Pngineg$ng

ME 2203

KINEMATICS QF MACHINERY
(Regulation 2008)

(Common to PTME 2203

Kinemqtics af Maqhinerv fgl p Otlfart-Time) Third

Maximum : 100 Marks

Time : Three hours

Answer ALL questions

PARTA-_(10 x|=?QMerks)
1.

2.
'r.

pifferentiate between a machine and a mecb40rsB'

Write and explain Gruebler's equationDraw a sketeh to explain how total acceleration of a

lin\

is obtained.

b.

What is Coriolis component of acceleration?

Define underculting in a cam mechanis4.

6.

What are the different types of followgr nrotipns used

4.

in

cam'follower

mechanisms?

.
8.
9.
7

What is the pignificance of cont4ct ratio $ gears?

What are the advanlages of epicyclic gear 1'rain?
What is the role of friction in soew jack?

10. what is self'energizt"::1-:t

PARTB

1,1.

(a) (i)
' (ii)

(6 x 16 = 80 Mqrks)

Fxplain tbe working of toggle mechanisn lith a neat sketch.

flxplain the working of Fantograph qne indexing mechanism with a
neat sketch.

&)

Or
inversions of a slider-crank chain with
two
any
of
working
the
Explain
neat sketches.

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LZ. (d ,lfor

the mechdnisb shoW,n in Fig. Q. t2 (a), determine the velocity of the

slider 6 and links 3 and 4.
r, = 150 rad/s

\5

\s

l-

n5

ig. Q. 12 (a)
Or

(b)

For the slider-crank mechanism shown in Fig. Q, 12 O), determine (i) the
acceleration of slider B and (ii) acceleratlon of point C. The crank OA
rotates at 180 rpm. OA = 50Q prn, AB = 15Q0 mm and AC = 250 mnn.

fis'Q' tz @)

13. (a) Draw the

cam profile for the follpwing data: Base circle radius of

cam = 50 mm, Lift = 40 mT, Angle of aecent with Cycloidal = 60o, Angle
of dwell - 90o, Angle of descent with unifprm velocity = 90o, Speed of
cam = 300 rpm, Follower offset = l0 mm, Type of follower Knife'edge-

(b), .Draw the cam profile for, th.e following data: loase circle radius of cam
= 50 mm, Lift * 40 mm, Angle of ascent with SHM = 90o, Angle of dwell
= 90o, Anglg of descent with uniform acceleration and deceleration 90',
,Speed qf ca.F = 300 rpm,, T)'pg of follEwer -= ff,olfer follower (with roller
radius = 10 mm).

53195

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L4. (a)

The presswe angle of twp gears iq 20o and has a module of 10 mm. The
number of teeth on pinion is 24 and ip on gear 60. The addendum of
pinion and gear is samq and equal to one module. Determine (i) the
number pf pairs of teeth in contact (ii) the anglg of action of pinion and
gear apd the ratio ofsliding to rollingvelocity at the beginning ofcontact.
Or

&)

The pitph circle diameter of the annulqr gear in the epicyclic gear train in

Fig. Q. 14 &) is 425 mm and the module is { mm. When the annular
gear 3 is stationary, the spindle A makps one revolution in the same
sense as the sun gear l- for every 6 revolutions of the driving spindle
carrying the sun gear. All the planet gears are of the same size.
Determine the number of teeth on all gears.

Fis Q.

15. (a)

1a

ft)

.dn orpen belt drive is used to cgnnect two parallel shafts 4 m apart. The
diameter of bigger pulley is 1.5 m and that of the smaller pullqy 0.5 m.
The mass cf the belt is 1 kg/m length. The maximum tension is not to
exceed 1500 N. The coefficignt of friction is 0,?5. The bigger pulley which
ie the driver runs at 250 rpm. Due to slip, the speed of the driven pulley
is 72f rpm. Calculate the power transmitted, and power lost in friction.
Or

(b)

(i)

A vertical shaft 140 mrq diameter rotaling at L20 rpm rests on a

flai pnd footstep bearing, The shaft carries a vertical load of 30 kN.
The co-efficient of friction is 0.06, Estiqate the power lost in friction
assqming (1) uniform pressur and (?) uniforrn wear.

(ii)

(10)

Conical pivot supporis a load of 25 kN, the cone angle being 120o,
and the intensity of norr.nal presswe does not exceed 0.25 MPa. The
external radius is twice the internal diametbr. Find the outer and
inner radii of the bearing surface. lf the shaft rotates at 180 rpm
and thq coefficient of fric-tion is 9,16, find the power lost in friction,
assuming uniform pressure.
(6)
.A.

53195

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ME6401- Kinematics of Machinery

UNIT 1 - BASICS OF MECHANISMS

Part A questions:
1. What is Kinematics?
Kinematics is the study of motion (position, velocity, acceleration). A major goal of
Understanding kinematics is to develop the ability to design a system that will satisfy
Specified motion requirements. This will be the emphasis of this class.

2. What is Kinetics?
Kinetics is the study of effect of forces on moving bodies. Good kinematic design
should produce good kinetics.

3. Define Link.
A link is defined as a member or a combination of members of a mechanism
connecting other members and having relative motion between them. The link may
consist of one or more resistant bodies. A link may be called as kinematic link or
element. Eg: Reciprocating steam engine.

4. Define Kinematic Pair.

Kinematic pair is a joint of two links having relative motion between them. The types
of kinematic pair are classified according to
Nature of contact (lower pair, higher pair)
Nature of mechanical contact (Closed pair, unclosed pair)
Nature of relative motion (Sliding pair, turning pair, rolling pair, screw pair,
spherical pair)

5. Define Kinematic Chain

When the kinematic pairs are coupled in such a way that the last link is joined to the
first link to transmit definite motion it is called a kinematic chain.
Eg: The crank shaft of an engine forms a kinematic pair with the bearings which are
fixed in a pair, the connecting rod with the crank forms a second kinematic pair, the
piston with the connecting rod forms a third pair and the piston with the cylinder
forms the fourth pair. The total combination of these links is a kinematic chain. Eg:
Lawn mower.

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6. Define Degrees of Freedom.

It is defined as the number of input parameters which must be independently
controlled in order to bring the mechanism in to useful engineering purposes.
It is also defined as the number of independent relative motions, both translational
and rotational, a pair can have.

7. Define Pantograph.
Pantograph is used to copy the curves in reduced or enlarged scales. Hence this
mechanism finds its use in copying devices such as engraving or profiling machines.

8. What is meant by spatial mechanism?

Spatial mechanism have a geometric characteristics in that all revolute axes are
parallel and perpendicular to the plane of motion and all prism lie in the plane of
motion.

9. Classify the Constrained motion?

Constrained motions are classified into three types
1. Completely constrained motion.
2. Incompletely constrained motion.
3. Successfully constrained motion.

10. What is Toggle position?

It is the position of a mechanism at which the mechanical advantage is infinite and
the sine of angle between the coupler and driving link is zero.

11. What are the important applications of a single slider crank mechanism?
1. Rotary or Gnome engine.
2. Crank and slotted lever mechanism.
3. Oscillating cylinder engine.
4. Bull engine and
5. Hand pump.

12. Give some examples for kinematic pairs.

1. Crank and connecting rod,
2. Connecting rod and piston rod, and
3. Piston and engine cylinder.

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39

13. What is meant by transmission angle?

In a four bar chain mechanism, the angle between the coupler and the follower
(driven) link is called as the transmission angle.

14. What are the applications of inversion of double slider crank chain mechanism?
It consists of two sliding pairs and two turning pairs. There are three important
inversions of double slider crank chain. 1) Elliptical trammel. 2) Scotch yoke
mechanism. 3) Oldhams coupling. Give some examples for kinematic pairs.

15. Write down the Grashofs law for a four bar mechanism?
Grashofs law states that the sum of the shortest and longest links cannot be greater
than the sum of the remaining two links lengths, if there is to be continuous relative
motion between two members.

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UNIT 2 - KINEMATICS OF MOTION

Part A questions:
1. What are the important concepts in velocity analysis?
1. The absolute velocity of any point on a mechanism is the velocity of that point with
reference to ground.
2. Relative velocity describes how one point on a mechanism moves relative to
another point on the mechanism.

2. Define Instantaneous centre.

Instantaneous centre of a moving body may be defined as that centre which goes on
changing from one instant to another.

3. Define Instantaneous centre

Instantaneous axis is a line drawn through an instantaneous centre and
perpendicular to the plane of motion.

4. How to represent the direction of linear velocity of any point on a link with respect to
another point on the same link?
The direction of linear velocity of any point on a link with respect to another point on
the same link is perpendicular to the line joining the points.

5. Define Kennedys theorem.

The Kennedys theorem states that if three bodies move relatively to each other, they
have three instantaneous centers and lie on a straight line.

6. Define displacement.
It may be defined as the distance moved by a body with respect to a fixed certain
fixed point. When there is no displacement in a body it is said to be at rest and when
it is being displaced, it is said to be in motion.

7. What are the types of motions?

1. Rectilinear motion.
2. Curvilinear motion.
3. Circular motion.

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8. What are the methods for determining the velocity of a body?

Important methods for determining the velocity of a body are:
1. Graphical method: i) Relative velocity method
ii) Instantaneous centre method
2. Analytical method.

9. Define velocity.
Velocity may be defined as the rate of change of displacement of a body with respect
to the time. Since the velocity has both magnitude and direction, therefore it is a
vector quantity.

10. Define speed.

Speed may be defined as the rate of change of linear displacement of a body with
respect to the time. Since the speed is irrespective of its direction, therefore it is a
scalar quantity.

11. What is deceleration?

The negative acceleration is also known as deceleration or retardation.

12. Define Acceleration.

The rate of change of velocity with respect to time is known as acceleration.

13. Define coincident points.

When a point on one link is sliding along another rotating link, then the point is known
as coincident point.

14. Define centrode.

The locus of all instantaneous centres (i.e., I1, I2,) is known as centrode.
15. Define Axode.
The locus of all instantaneous axis is known as axode.

16. Define Body centrode.

The locus of all instantaneous centre relative to the body itself is called the body
centrode.

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UNIT 3 - KINEMATICS OF CAMS

Part A questions:
1. What is cam?
A cam is a rotating machine element which gives reciprocating (or) oscillating motion
to another element known as follower

2. Define tangent cam?

When the flanks of the cam are straight and tangential to the base circle and nose
circle, the cam is known as tangent cam.

3. Distinguish radial and cylindrical cams.

Radial cam

Cylindrical cam

In this cam, the follower reciprocates (or) oscillates

In this the follower reciprocates (or) oscillates in a

in a direction perpendicular to the axis.

direction parallel to the cam axis.

4. What are the different motions of the follower?

(i) Uniform motion,
(ii) Simple harmonic motion,
(iii) Uniform acceleration and retardation, and
(iv) Cycloidal motion.

5. Compare Roller and mushroom follower of a cam.

S.No
1.

2.

Roller Follower

Mushroom Follower

Roller followers are extensively used where

The mushroom followers are generally used

more space is available.

where space is limited.

It is used in stationary gas engines, oil engines

It is used in cams which operate the valves in

and aircraft valves in engines.

automobile engines.

6. Explain offset follower.

When the motion of the follower is along an axis away from the axis of the cam
centre, it is called offset follower.

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7. Define trace point in the study of cams.

It is a reference point on the follower and is used to generate the pitch curve. In case
of knife edge follower the knife edge represents the trace point and the pitch curve
corresponds to the cam profile. In a roller follower the centre of the roller represents
the trace point.

8. Define pressure angle with respect to cams.

It is the angle between the direction of the follower motion and a normal to the pitch
curve. This angle is very important in designing a cam profile. If the pressure angle is
too large, a reciprocating follower will jam in its bearings.

9. Define Lift (or) Stroke in cam.

It is the maximum travel of the follower from its lowest position to the topmost
position.

10. Define undercutting in cam. How is occurs?

The cam profile must be continuous curve without any loop. If the curvature of the
pitch curve is too sharp, then the part of the cam shape would be lost and thereafter
the intended cam motion would not be achieved. Such a cam is said to be undercut.
Undercutting occurs in the cam because of attempting to achieve too great a follower
lift with very small cam rotation with a smaller cam.

11. What do you know about Nomogram?

In Nomogram, by knowing the values of total lift of the follower (L) and the cam
rotation angle () for each segment of the displacement diagram, we can read
directly the maximum pressure angle occurring n the segment for a particular choice
of prime circle radius (R0).

12. What are the classifications of cam based on the follower movement?
1) Rise-Return-Rise (R-R-R) cams,
2) Dwell-Rise-Return-Dwell (D-R-R-D) cams,
3) Dwell-Rise-Dwell-Return-Dwell (D-R-D-R-D) cams,
4) Dwell-Rise-Dwell (D-R-D) cams.

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13. What are the different types of cams?

1. Wedge (or) flat cams
2. Radial (or) Disc cams
3. Spiral cams
4. Cylindrical (or) Barrel (or) Drum Cams
5. Conjugate cams
6. Globoidal cams
7. Spherical cams

14. What do you know about gravity cam?

In this type, the rise of the cam is achieved by the rising surface of the cam and the
return by the force of gravity of die to the weight of the cam.

15. Define Trace point.

It is a reference point on the follower to trace the cam profile. In case of a knife edge
follower, the knife edge itself is a tracing point and in roller follower, the centre of the
roller is the tracing point.

16. Define pressure angle.

It is the angle between the direction of the follower motion and a normal to the pitch
curve. This is very important in cam design as it represents steepness of the cam
profile. If the pressure angle is too large, a reciprocating follower will jam in its
bearings.

17. Define Prime circle.

The smallest circle drawn tangent to the pitch curve is known as the prime circle.

18. Define Angle of Ascent.

The angle of rotation of cam from the position when the follower begins to rise till it
reaches its highest position is known as angle of ascent. It is also known as out
stroke and is denoted by 0.
19. What is meant by Simple Hormonic Motion?
When a body rotates on a circular path with uniform angular velocity, its projection on
the diameter will have simple harmonic motion. The velocity of the projection will be
maximum at the centre of and zero at the ends of the diameter. In case of

45
45

acceleration and retardation, the values will be zero at the centre and maximum at
the ends of diameter.

20. What are the different shapes of high speed cams?

1. Circular Arc cam with flat faced follower
2. Tangent cam with reciprocating roller follower

21. Define cam angle.

It is the angle of rotation of the cam for a definite displacement of the follower.

22. What are the classifications of follower based on the follower movement?
i)

Reciprocating (or) translating follower.

ii)

Oscillating (or) rotating follower.

23. Define Pitch curve.

The locus of the tracing point is known as the pitch curve. For the purpose of laying
out the cam profiles, it is assumed that the cam is fixed and the follower rotates
around it.

24. What are the classifications of the follower based on the path of motion of the
follower?
a) Radial follower.
b) Offset follower.

25. What are the classifications of cam base on the constraint of the follower?
a) Pre-loaded spring cams.
b) Positive drive cams.
c) Gravity cams.

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UNIT 4 - GEARS
Part A questions:
1. State law of Gearing.
The law of gearing states that for obtaining a constant velocity ratio, at any instant of
teeth the common normal at each point of contact should always pass through a
pitch point, situated on the line joining the centre of rotation of the pair of mating
gears.
2. Define normal and axial pitch in helical gears.
Normal pitch is the distance between similar face of adjacent teeth, along a helix on
the pitch cylinder normal to the teeth.
Axial pitch is the distance measured parallel to the axis between similar faces of a
adjacent teeth.
3. What is the maximum efficiency in worm and worm gear?

max =

1-sin/1+sin

4. What are the advantages and limitations of gear drive? Write any two.
Advantages:
1. Since there is no slip, so exact velocity ratio is obtained.
2. It is more efficient and effective means of power transmission.
Limitations:
1. Manufacture of gear is complicated.
2. The error in cutting teeth may cause vibration and noise during operation.
5. Define interference.
The phenomenon when the tip of tooth undercuts the roots on its mating gear is
known as interference.

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6. Define cycloidal tooth profile and involute tooth profile.

A cycloid is the curve traced by a point on the circumference of a circle which rolls
without slipping on a fixed straight line.
Involute profile is defined as the locus of a point on a straight line which rolls without
slipping on the circumference of a circle.
7. Define circular pitch and diametral pitch in spur gears.
Circular pitch (pc) : It is the distance measured along the circumference of the pitch
circle from a point on one teeth to the corresponding point on the adjacent tooth.

pc=D/T
Diametral pitch (pD) : It is the ratio of number of teeth to the pitch circle diameter.

PD=T/D=/pc
8. Define Backslash.
It is the difference between the tooth space and the tooth thickness along the pitch
circle.
Backslash = Tooth space Tooth thickness
9. What is gear train of train of wheels?
Two or more gears re made to mesh with each other to transmit power from one shaft
to another. Such a combination is called a gear train or train of wheels.
10. Write velocity ratio in compound train of wheels?
Speed of last follower - Product of teeth on drivers
Speed of first driver Product of teeth on followers.
11. Define simple gear train.
When there is only one gear on each shaft, it is known as simple gear train.
12. What is reverted gear train?
When the axes of the first and last wheels are co-axial, the train is known as reverted
gear train.

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13. Where the epicyclic gear trains are used?

The epicyclic gear trains are used in the back gear of lathe, differential gears of the
automobiles, pulley blocks, wrist watches, etc.
14. Write down the difference between involute and cycloidal tooth profile.
S.No
1.

Involute Tooth Profile

Cycloidal Tooth Profile

Variation in centre distance does not

The centre distance should not vary.

affect the velocity ratio.

2.

Pressure angle remains constant

Pressure angle varies. It is zero at the pitch

throughout the teeth.

point and maximum at the start and

end of engagement.

3.

Interference occurs.

No interference occurs.

4.

Weaker teeth.

Stronger teeth.

15. Define Contact Ratio.

It is the ratio of the length of arc contact to the circular pitch is known as contact ratio.
The value gives the number of pairs of teeth in contact.
16. What is an angle of obliquity in gears?
It is the angle between the common normal to two gear teeth at the point of contact
and the common tangent at the pitch point. It is called as pressure angle.

17. What is bevel gearing? Mention its types.

When the non-parallel (or) intersecting but coplanar shafts connected by gears, they
are called bevel gears and the arrangement is bevel gearing. It is of two types
namely skew bevel gearing and spiral gearing.

18. What are the methods to avoid interference?

1. The height of the teeth may be reduced.
2. The pressure angle may be increased.
3. The radial flank of the pinion may be cut back (undercutting).

19. What is the advantage when arc of recess is equal to arc of approach in meshing
gears?

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49

When arc of recess equal to arc of approach, the work wasted by friction is minimum
and efficiency of drive is maximum.

20. What do you know about tumbler gear?

Tumbler gears are those which are used in lathes for reversing the direction of
rotation of driven gears.

21. What you meant by non-standard gear teeth?

The gear tooth obtained by modifying the standard proportions of gear teeth
parameters is known as non- standard gear teeth.

22. What is meant by compound gear train?

When there are more than one gear on shaft, it is called a compound gear train.

23. What is the advantage of a compound gear train over a simple gear train?
The advantage of a compound gear train over a simple gear train is that a much
larger speed reduction from the first shaft to the last shaft can be obtained with small
gears.

24. State the methods to find the velocity ratio of epicyclic gear train.
Two methods are:
1) Tabulation method.
2) Algebraic method.

25. What is the externally applied torques used to keep the gear train in equilibrium?
1) Impart torque on the driving member.
2) Resisting or holding torque on the driven member.
3) Holding or braking torque on the fixed member.

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UNIT 5 - FRICTION
Part A questions:
1 .What is meant by slope of a thread?
It is the inclination of the thread with horizontal.
Slope of thread = tan-1 [Lead screw/Circumference of screw]
2. What are the effects of limiting angle of friction?
1. If limiting angle of friction () is equal to tan-1 ,then the body will move over the plane
irrespective of the magnitude of the force (F) (Limiting force of friction).
2. If <tan-1 , then no motion of body on plane is possible irrespective of how large the
magnitude of F may be.
3. Define co-efficient of friction ().
It is defined as the ratio of the limiting friction (F) to the normal reaction (RN) between the
two bodies.
= Limiting force of friction/Normal reaction = F/RN
4. Differentiate coefficient of friction in square thread and V-thread.
(a) In square thread, = F/RN
(b) In V thread, 1 = /cos
Where

F = Limiting force of friction,

RN = Normal reaction, and
2 = Angle of V in a V thread.

5. What is the efficiency of inclined plane?

The efficiency of an inclined plane is defined as the ratio between effort without friction
(P0) and the effort with friction (P).
6. Why self- locking screws have lesser efficiency?
Self locking needs some friction on the thread surface of the screw and nut hence it
needs higher effort to lift a body and hence automatically the efficiency decreases.

51
51

7. What are the functions of clutches?

1. It supplies power to the transmission system.
2. It stops the vehicle by disconnecting the engine from transmission system.
3. It is used to change the gear and idling the engine.
4. It gives gradual increment of speed to the wheels.
8. What is the difference between cone clutch and centrifugal clutch?
Cone clutch works on the principle of friction alone. But centrifugal clutch uses principle of
centrifugal force in addition with it.
9.

Why friction is called as necessary evil?

Friction is the important factor in engineering and physical applications such as belt and
ropes, jibs, clutches and brakes, nut and bolts, so it is the necessary one. If the friction
exceeds certain value it will cause heat, damage and wear when applied. So it is called
necessary evil.

10. What are the belt materials?

1. Leather,
2. Cotton or fabric,
3. Rubber,
4. Balata, and
5. Nylon.

11. State the law of belting?

Law of belting states that the centre line of the belt as it approaches the pulley must lie in
a plane perpendicular to the axis of the pulley or must lie in the plane of the pulley,
otherwise the belt will runoff the pulley.
12. What you meant by Crowing in pulley?
The process of increasing the frictional resistance on the pulley surface is known as
crowning. It is done in order to avoid slipping of the belt.

13. What is meant by initial tension in belts?

In order to increase the frictional grip between the belt and pulleys, the belts is tightened
up. Due to this the belt gets subjected to some tension even when the pulleys are
stationary. This tension in the belts is called initial tension (T0).

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52

14. List out the commonly used breaks.

1. Hydraulic brakes: e.g., Pumps or hydrodynamic brake and fluid agitator.
2. Electric brakes: e.g., Eddy current brakes.
3. Mechanical brakes: e.g., Radial brakes and axial brakes

15. What do you mean by a brake?

Brake is a device by means of which motion of a body is retarded for slowing down (or) to
bring it to rest which works on the principle of frictional force, it acts against the driving
force.

16. Explain velocity ratio.

It is defined as the ratio between velocity of the driver and the follower (or) driven.

17.

State the law of belting?

Law of belting states that the centre line of the belt as it approaches the pulley must lie in
a plane perpendicular to the axis of the pulley or must lie in the plane of the pulley,
otherwise the belt will runoff the pulley.

18. What is the centrifugal effect on belts?

During operation, as the belt passes over a pulley the centrifugal effect due to its weight
tends to lift the belt from the pulley surface. This reduces the normal reaction and hence
the frictional resistance. The centrifugal force produces additional tension in the belt.

19. Write down the disadvantage of V-belt drive over flat belt?

1. V belt cannot be used in large distance.

2. It is not as durable as flat belt.
3. Since the V belt subjected to certain amount of creep therefore it is not suitable for
constant speed applications such as synchronous machines, and timing devices.
4. It is a costlier system.

20. When is the cross belt used instead of open belt?

1. Cross belt is used where the direction of rotation of driven pulley is opposite to
driving pulley.
2. Where we need more power transmission there we can use cross belt drive.

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53

21.

Why lubrication reduces friction?

In practical all the manting surfaces are having roughness with it. It causes friction. If
the surfaces are smooth then friction is very less. Lubrication smoothens the manting
surface by introducing oil film between it. The fluids are having high smoothness then
solids and thus lubrication reduces friction.

22. What you meant by crowning in pulley?

The process of increasing the frictional resistance on the pulley surface is known as
crowning. It is done in order to avoid slipping of the belt.

23. What is meant by initial tension in belts?

In order to increase the frictional grip between the belt and pulleys, the belt is tightened
up. Due to this belt gets subjected to some tension even when the pulleys are
stationary. This tension in the belt is called initial tension (T0) .
24. Where does the P.I.V. drive system used?
P.I.V. (Positive Infinitely variable) drive is used in an infinitely varying speed system.

25. When the intensity of pressure acting brake shoe is is assumed to uniform?
The intensity of pressure is assumed to be constant when the break shoe has small
angle of contact. For large angle of contact, it is assumed that the rate of wear of the
shoe remains constant.
.

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KINEMATICS OF MACHINERY
UNIT I: BASICS OF MECHANISMS
PART A (2 Marks)
1. What is Grashofs law for a four bar mechanism
and give out its significance

(AU Dec 2011) (AU Dec 2009)

2. State the application of an offset slider crank mechanism.

(AU Dec 2011)

3. Explain the term kinematic link. Give the classification of kinematic link.

(AU Dec 2011)

4. Explain the term: a) Lower pair, (b) Higher pair.

(AU Apr 2011,Dec 2006)

5. Define kinematic chain & inversion of kinematic chain.

(AU Apr 2011,Dec 2006)

6. Differentiate between a machine and a mechanism.

7. Write and explain Grueblers equation.

(AU Dec 2010)

(AU Dec 2009,Dec 2010)

8. Define degree of freedom and give the DOF for a cam with
roller follower.

(AU May 2010, Dec 2009)

9. Define the terms kinematic pair and kinematic chain.

(AU May 2010)

10. List out the applications of straight line motion mechanism.

(AU May 2010)

11. State Grueblers criterion for spatial mechanisms.

(AU Dec 2009)

12. State Grueblers criterion for planar mechanisms.

(AU Dec 2008)

13. State the Kutzbach Criterion.

(AU Dec 2009, Dec 2006)

14. What is toggle position?

(AU Dec 2009)

15. Define Mechanical Advantage.

(AU Dec 2009)

16. Give any two inversions of a single slider chain.

(AU June 2009)

17. Give out inversions of a double slider crank chain.

(AU June 2007)

18. Differentiate between a machine and a structure.

(AU Dec 2007)

19. Sketch an exact straight line mechanism, with link properties.

(AU Dec 2006)

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55

PART - B (16 Marks)

1. State and explain the three inversions of a four bar chain?

(AU Dec 2011)

2. Using kutzbach Criterion, find the number of degrees of freedom of the two mechanisms
M1 & M2 shown below.

(AU Dec 2011)

3. In a crank and slotted lever quick return motion mechanism, the distance between fixed
centres is 240mm and the length of driving crank is 120mm. Find the inclination of the
slotted bar with the vertical in the extreme position and the time ratio of cutting stroke to
return stroke. If the length of the slotted is 450mm, find the length of the stroke if the line
of stroke passes through the extreme positions of free end of the lever.

(AU Dec 2011)

4. What is inversion of mechanism? Describe various inversions of

double slider crank mechanism with sketches.

(AU Dec 2011, June 2010)

5. Explain the working of toggle mechanism and its application with

a neat sketch.

(AU Dec 2010, Dec 2009)

6. Explain the working of pantograph and one indexing mechanism

with a neat sketch.

(AU Dec 2010)

7. Explain the working of any two inversions of a single slider crank

chain with neat sketches.

(AU Dec 2010, Jun2007)

8. State and explain the various inversions of four bar

chain mechanism.

(AU Jun 2010, Dec 2007)

9. Explain with neat sketch the working of crank and slotted lever
quick return motion mechanism. Deduce the expression for length
of stroke in terms of link lengths.

(AU Jun 2010)

10. Perform kinematic analysis of following exact straight line

motion mechanisms:

(AU Jun 2010)

(a) Peaucelliers mechanism

(b) Harts Mechanism
11. Define Kinematic pair and discuss various types of kinematic
pairs with example.

(AU Dec 2009, Jun2007)

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56

12. Draw a neat sketch and explain any one approximate straight
line generating mechanism.

(AU Dec 2009)

13. With a neat sketch, explain the Ackermann steering gear

of an automobile.

(AU Dec 2009, Dec 2006)

14. State and explain Whitworth quick return mechanism. Also derive
an equation for ratio of time taken for return strokes and forward strokes. (AU Dec 2009)
15. Define transmission angle. Sketch a drag-link mechanism in
maximum transmission angle positions and explain.

(AU Dec 2009)

(a) Explain the Indexing mechanism

16. mechanism in kinematics point of view.

(AU Dec 2008)

(b) Ratchet and Pawl Mechanism

17. State and prove the kutzbach criteria for following kinematic chains.

(AU Dec 2008)

(a)Cam with roller follower

(b) Three bar chain
(c) Four bar chain
18. Discuss and explain about the straight line generators.

(AU Dec 2006)

19. Explain the following

(AU Dec 2006)

(a) Mechanical advantage

(b) Grashoffs law
(c) Mobility of a mechanism

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57

UNIT 2 - KINEMATIC ANALYSIS

PART A (2 Marks)
1. For what kind of relative motion, the Coriolis component of acceleration occurs?
Sketch the links to illustrate.

(AU Dec 2011)

2. State the relationship between crank angle and connecting rod angle
of a single slider crank mechanism.

(AU Dec 2011)

3. What is Coriolis component of acceleration?

(AU Dec 2011)(AU Dec 2010)

4. Draw a sketch to explain how total acceleration of a link is obtained.

(AU Dec 2010)

5. A slider sliding at 100 mm/sec on a link, which is rotating at 60 rpm

is subjected to coriolis acceleration. Find its magnitude.
6. Define Rubbing velocity.

(AU May 2010)

(AU May 2010) (AU May 2007)

7. Name two mechanisms; one where Coriolis acceleration is encountered

and another where Coriolis acceleration is not encountered.

(AU May 2010)

8. How the direction of the angular velocity of the connecting rod is

found out during velocity analysis of a reciprocating engine mechanism
by graphical method.

(AU May 2010)

9. What is meant by virtual centre?

(AU Dec 2009)

10. Draw an acceleration polygon for a crank rotating at an angular

speed of rad/sec and angular acceleration of rad/sec2.

(AU May 2009)

11. Explain how the direction of coriolis acceleration is obtained. (AU May2009, Dec 2008)
12. Define instantaneous centre of velocity.

(AU June 2007)

13. Explain the normal centre of acceleration.

(AU Dec 2006)

14. Write the condition for Coriolis component of acceleration.

(AU Dec 2006)

15. Illustrate the instantaneous centers of a typical four bar.

(AU Jun 2006)

16. What type of link will have only centripetal component of acceleration
and what types of link will have only linear acceleration.

(AU Jun 2006)

PART - B (16 Marks)

1. A link AB of a four bar linkage ABCD revolves uniformly at 120rpm in a clockwise
direction. Given AB=75mm, BC=175mm, CD=150mm,DA=100mm and angle BAD equal
to 90.AD is fixed link. Using graphical approach, find the angular accelerations of links
BC and CD and acceleration of point E on the link BC, if EC = 150mm.

(AU Dec 2011)

58
58

2. The lengths of crank and connecting rod of a horizontal reciprocating engine are 100mm
and 500mm respectively. The crank is rotating at 400rpm. When the crank has turned
30 from the inner dead centre, find analytically, the angular velocity and angular
acceleration of the connecting rod.

(AU Dec 2011)

3. The following data refers to the lengths of links of a six link mechanism in which the
rotary motion of input link 2 is transformed to horizontal linear motion of output slider 6.
Fixed Link 1, A0B0 -= 60mm, Input link2, AoAr=25mm, Coupler link 3, AB=85mm,
Follower link4, BB0=55mm, Connecting rod5, CD = 60mm.
The pin joint C is at the centre of link BB0.The horizontal line of stroke of the slider passes
through the fixed link pivots A0 and B0. B0A0A is 60.

(AU May 2011)

In this position
(i)

Sketch the mechanism and indicate the data.

(ii) Draw the velocity diagram and determine the linear velocity of the slider, if the input link
constant speed is 2 rad/s clockwise.
(iii) Draw the acceleration diagram and determine the linear acceleration of the slider, which
is connected at one end of the connecting rod, CD.
4. A mechanism of a crank and slotted lever quick return mechanism is shown in Fig 1. If
the crank rotates counter clockwise at 120rpm. Determine for the Configuration shown,
the velocity and acceleration of ram D.

(AU May 2011)

Also determine the angular acceleration of the slotted lever. Crank, AB=150mm; Slotted
arm , OC = 700mm and link CD = 200mm.

59
59

5. For the mechanism shown in FIG below, determine the velocity of slider 6 and that of
link 3 & 4.

(AU May 2011)

6. For the slider crank mechanism shown in fig below, determine (i) the acceleration of
slider B and (ii) acceleration of point C. The crank OA rotates at 180 rpm. OA = 500mm,
AB = 1500mm & AC =250mm.

(AU May 2011)

7. The mechanism of a warping machine is shown in figure below. Various dimensions are
as follows: O1A = 100m; AC = 700mm ; BC = 200mm ; BD = 150mm; O2D =200mm;
O2E = 400mm, O3C = 200mm. the crank O1A rotates at a uniform speed of 100rad/sec.
Determine

(AU May 2010) (AU May 2007)

(i)Linear velocity of the point E on the bell crank lever

(ii) Angular velocity of link AC & BD.
(iii)Acceleration of the points B & E.

60
60

8. In a slider crank mechanism, the length of the crank is 200mm and length of connecting
rod 825mm. the angular velocity and acceleration of crank is 60rad/s and 1100 rad/s2.
When the crank has turned 120from the inner dead centre, find :

(AU Dec 2009)

(a) The velocity and acceleration of piston

(b) Angular velocity and acceleration of connecting rod.
9. A four bar chain mechanism ABCD with its dimensions is shown in fig below. It is drive
n by the crank AB which rotates at 600 rpm in clockwise direction. The link AD is fixed.
Find the absolute velocity of point C and angular velocity of the links CB and CD.
(AU Dec 2009)

10. In a simple steam engine, the lengths of the crank and the connecting rod are 100mm
and 400mm respectively. The weight of the connecting rod is 50 kg and its centre of
mass is 220mm from the cross head centre. The radius of gyration about the centre of
the mass is 120mm. If the engine speed is 300rpm and the crank has turned 45from
IDC, determine :

(AU Dec 2009) (AU Dec 2006)

(i) The angular velocity and acceleration of the connecting rod

(ii) Kinetic energy of the connecting rod.
11. PQRS is a four bar chain with fixed link PS. The lengths of links are: PQ = 62.5mm,
QR=175mm, RS=112.5mm and PS = 200mm. The crank PQ rotates at 10 rad/s
clockwise. Draw the velocity and acceleration diagram when angle QPS =60 and find
the angular velocity and angular acceleration of the link QR & RS.

(AU Dec 2009)

12. A slider crank mechanism has a crank of 30mm length and connecting rod 50mm length.
The angular velocity of the crank is 10rad/sec (ccw).The angular acceleration of the
crank is 1200 rad/sec2 .The crank makes an angle of 90 with the line of stroke.
Determine acceleration of slider, angular acceleration of connecting rod. (AU Dec 2008)
13. Derive the expression for determining the angular position of the coupler link and the
output link of the four bar mechanism.

(AU Dec 2008)

61
61

14. The driving crank AD of the quick-return mechanism, as

shown in figure below ,

revolves at a uniform speed of 200 r.p.m. Find the velocity and acceleration of the toolbox R, in the position shown in figure below, when the crank makes an angle

of

60with the vertical line PA.What is the acceleration of sliding of the block at B along the
slotted lever PQ?

(AU Dec 2007)

15. In a Whitworth quick return mechanism, as shown in figure, crank OA rotates at 30 rpm
in clockwise direction. The dimensions of various links are OA = 150 mm, OC = 100 mm,
CD = 125 mm and DR = 500 mm. Determine the acceleration of the sliding block R and
the angular acceleration of the slotted lever BD.

(AU Dec 2007)

16. For the toggle mechanism as shown in figure, the slider D is constrained to move along
horizontal direction. The crank rotates at 180 rpm. The dimensions of various links are
as follows. OA = 180 mm; CB = 240 mm; AB = 360 mm; BD = 540 mm. For the given
configuration determine (i) the velocity and acceleration of the slider (ii) angular velocity
and angular acceleration of links AB, BC and BD.

(AU June 2006)

62
62

UNIT 3 - KINEMATICS OF CAMS

PART A (2 Marks)
1. Sketch the shapes of displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams for uniform
acceleration and retardation motion of a follower.

(AU Dec 2011)

2. Why sometimes the axes of translating roller followers, in cam follower

mechanisms are offset form the axis of rotation of cam.

(AU Dec 2011)

3. Define pressure angle of cam mechanism and state the best

values of pressure angle

(AU Dec 2011) (AU Dec 2009)

4. State the advantage of a tangent cam.

(AU Dec 2011)

5. Define tangential cam.

(AU Dec 2010)

6. Define undercutting in a cam mechanism.

(AU Dec 2010) (AU Dec 2009)

7. What are the different types of follower motions used in

cam follower mechanism?

(AU Dec 2010)

8. What is cam?

(AU Jun 2010)

9. What is dwell period of cam?

(AU Jun 2010)

10. Name any two types of cams with specified contours.

(AU May 2010)

11. What are the different of motion with which a follower can move?

(AU May 2010)

12. Define the term pressure angle of a cam mechanism.

(AU May 2010)

13. How the maximum velocity of the follower of a cam mechanism is

found out during the lift which takes place with simple harmonic motion? (AU May 2010)
14. Why is roller follower extensively used?

(AU Dec 2009)

15. Why is roller follower preferred to knife edge follower?

(AU Dec 2009)

16. What is the follower motion used for high speed cams? Why?

(AU Jun 2009)

17. Draw atleast four types of a cam with followers

(AU Dec 2008)

18. Define pitch curve of the cam.

(AU Dec 2008)

19. What is a circular arc cam?

(AU May 2008)

20. Construct the displacement diagram for the follower motion to be cycloid.(AU May 2008)
21. What are the classifications of cams based on contact surfaces?

(AU Dec 2007)

22. State the basic requirements for high speed cams.

(AU Dec 2007)

23. Sketch the displacement, velocity and acceleration diagram

when a follower moves with uniform velocity.
24. What the advantages of roller follower than knife edge follower?

(AU Dec 2006)

(AU Dec 2006)

63
63

PART - B (16 Marks)

1. A cam with a minimum radius of 25mm and rotating in the CW direction, is to be
designed for a knife edge follower with the following Data:
-

Ascent of the follower through 35mm during 60cam rotation;

Dwell for next 40of the cam rotation ;

Descent of the follower during the next 90 of the cam rotation;

Dwell during rest of cam rotation.

(AU Dec 2011)

The ascent and descent of the cam are with simple harmonic motion and the line of
stroke of the follower is offset 10mm from axis of cam shaft.
(i) Draw the displacement diagram
(ii) Draw the profile of the cam.
(iii) What is the maximum velocity and acceleration of the follower during the ascent and
descent if cam rotates at 150 rpm?
2. The following particulars relate to a symmetrical circular cam operating a flat faced
follower ; least radius =25mm, nose radius = 8mm, lift of the valve = 10mm, Angle of
action of cam = 120, cam shaft speed =1000rpm

(AU Dec 2011)

(i) Find the flank radius

(ii) Determine maximum value of velocity, acceleration and retardation of follower.
(iii) Draw the profile of the cam.
3. A cam with 30mm as minimum diameter is rotating clockwise at a uniform
speed of 1200rpm and has to give the following motion to a roller follower
10mm in diameter:
(i)

(AU Apr 2011)

Follower to complete outward stroke of 25mm during 120 of cam rotation with
equal uniform acceleration and retardation.

(ii)

Follower to dwell for 60of cam rotation.

(iii)

Follower to return to its initial position during 90of cam rotation with equal
uniform acceleration and retardation.

(iv)

Follower to dwell for remaining 90of cam rotation.

Draw the cam profile if the axis of the roller follower passes through the axis of the cam.
4. Draw the cam profile for the following data:

(AU Dec 2010)

Basic circle radius of cam = 50mm, Lift = 40mm, Angle of ascent with cycloidal = 60,
angle of dwell = 90, angle of descent with uniform velocity = 90, speed of cam =
300rpm, Follower offset = 10mm, Type of follower = knife Edge.

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64

5. In a symmetrical tangent cam operating a roller follower, the least radius of the cam
30mm and the roller radius is 15mm, the angular of assent is 75and the total lift is
20mm. The speed of the cam is 600 rpm. Calculate :

(AU Dec 2010)

(I)The principal dimensions of the cam.

(II)The acceleration of the follower at the beginning of lift, where straight flank merges
into the circular nose and at apex of the nose.
6. Draw the cam profile for the following data:

(AU Dec 2010)

Basic circle radius of cam = 50mm, Lift = 40mm, Angle of ascent with SHM = 90, Angle
of Dwell = 90, Angle of descent with uniform acceleration and deceleration = 90, speed
of cam = 300 rpm, Type of follower = Roller follower (With roller radius = 10mm).
7. Construct a tangent cam and mention the important terminologies on it. Also derive the
expression for displacement, velocity and acceleration of a reciprocating roller follower
when the roller has contact with the nose.

(AU May2010)

8. It is required to set out the profile of a cam to give the following motion to the
reciprocating follower with a flat mushroom contact face:

(AU May2010)

(i) Follower to have a stroke of 20mm during 120of cam rotation.

(ii) Follower to dwell for 30 of cam rotation.
(iii) Follower to return to its position during 120 of cam rotation.
(iv) Follower to dwell for the remaining period.
The minimum radius of the cam is 25mm. the outstroke of the follower is performed with
simple harmonic motion and the return stroke with uniform acceleration and retardation.
9. A disc cam used for moving a knife edge follower with SHM during lift and uniform
acceleration and retardation motion during return. Cam rotates at 300rpm clockwise
direction. The line of motion of follower has an offset 10mm to the right angle of cam
shaft axis. The minimum radius of cam is 30mm. The lift of the follower is 40mm. The
cam rotation angles are: lift 60, dwell 90, return120and remaining angle for dwell.
Draw the cam profile and determine the maximum velocity and acceleration during the
lift and return.

(AU Dec 2009)

10. A cam is designed for a knife edge follower with following data: Cam lift = 40mm during
90 of cam rotation with SHM, dwell for next 30, during the next 60of cam rotation, the
follower returns to its original position with SHM, dwell during remaining 180. Draw the
profile of the cam when the line of stroke is offset 20mm from axis of cam shaft. The
radius of base circle of cam is 40mm.

(AU Jun 2009)

65
65

11. What is tangent cam? Derive the expression for the velocity and acceleration for a roller
follower with tangent cam.

(AU Dec 2009)

12. Draw a cam profile for operating the exhaust valve of an oil engine .It is required to give
equal uniform acceleration and retardation during opening and closing of the valve each
of which corresponds to 60of cam rotation. The valve must remain in the fully open
position for 20of cam rotation. The valve is 37.5mm and least radius of cam is 40mm.
The follower is provided with a roller of radius 20mm and its line of stroke passes
through the axis of the cam.

(AU Jun 2009)

13. A symmetrical circular cam opening a flat faced follower has the following particulars:
(AU Dec 2008)
Minimum radius of the cam = 30mm; Total lift= 20mm; Angle of lift=75;
Nose radius =5mm; Speed = 600rpm.
Determine: (i) The principal dimensions of the cam.
(ii) Acceleration of the follower at the beginning of lift, at the end of contact
with the circular flank, at the beginning of contact with nose and at the
apex of the nose.
14. A cam drives a flat reciprocating follower in the following manner:

(AU Dec 2007)

(i)Follower moves outwards through a distance of 20mm with SHM during first 120of
cam rotation.
(ii) Follower dwells during next 30 of cam rotation.
(iii)Follower moves inwards with SHM for next 120 of cam rotation.
(iv)The follower dwells for the remaining period.
Draw the profile of the cam, when minimum radius of cam is 25mm. Also calculate the
maximum velocity and acceleration during outward and inward motion of the follower
when the cam rotates with 200 rpm.
15. Construct a tangent cam and mention the important terminologies on it. Also derive the
expression for displacement, velocity, acceleration of a reciprocating roller follower when
the roller has contact with the nose.

(AU Dec 2006)

66
66

UNIT 4 - GEARS
PART A (2 Marks)
1. Define the following terms used in a gear: (a) Pressure angle (b) Module. (AU Dec 2011)
2. What are the advantages of planetary gear trains?
3. State the law of gearing.

(AU Dec 2011)

(AU Dec 2011) (AU June 2010) (AU Dec 2009)

4. What is interference in involute gear and

how it is prevented?

(AU Dec 2011) (AU Dec 2009) (AU May 2008)

5. What is the difference between simple gear

train and compound gear train?

(AU Dec 2011) (AU June 2010)

6. What is the significance of contact ratio in gears?

(AU Dec 2010)

7. What are the advantages of epicyclic gear train?

(AU Dec 2010) (AU May2007)

8. What is meant by diametral pitch of gear wheel?

(AU June 2010)

9. What is axial pitch of a helical gear?

(AU May2010) (AU May2007)

10. What is the role of idlers in gear trains?

(AU May2010)

11. Name two curves for use as gear profile, which satisfy the law of gearing. (AU May2010)
12. What is a worm gear drive? Explain with a sketch.

(AU May2010)

13. What are the advantages and disadvantages of

involute gear tooth profile?

(AU May2009)

14. What are the applications of reverted gear trains?

(AU May2009)

15. What are various types of torques in an epicyclic gear train?

(AU Dec 2008)

16. Define undercutting in gears

(AU May 2008)

17. Define the following terms used in gears: (a) Pitch circle ,
(b) Circular pitch, (c) Diametral pitch and (d) Module.

(AU May2007)

PART - B (16 Marks)

1. Two involute gears of 20 pressure angle are in mesh. The number of teeth on pinion is
20 and the gear ratio is 2. If the pitch expressed in module is 5 mm, and the pitch line
speed is 1.2 m/s, assuming addendum as standard and equal to one module, find (i) the
angle turned through by pinion when one pair of teeth is in mesh; and (ii) the maximum
velocity of sliding.

(AU Dec 2011)

67
67

2. An epicyclic gear train shown in figure below.

(AU Dec 2011)

The internal gear D has 90 teeth and the sun gear A has 40 teeth. The two planet gears B
& C are identical and they are attached to an arm as shown. How many revolutions does
the arm makes,
(i)

WhenA makes one revolution in clockwise and D , makes one revolution in

clockwise and D makes revolutions in opposite sense.

(ii)

When A makes one revolution in clockwise and D remains stationary.

3. (i) State and prove the law of gearing and thus derive the expression for Velocity of
sliding.

(AU Dec 2011) (AU May 2010)

(ii)Show that the involute curves as the profiles of mating gears satisfy the law of gearing.
4. Two planet gears B & C having 30 teeth each are attached to the arm E as shown in
figure below and gear A is having 40 teeth instead of 50 , then find the number of
revolutions made by the arm, when:
(i)Gear A makes one revolution clockwise and D makes half a revolution anticlockwise.
(ii)Gear A makes one revolution clockwise and D is stationary.

(AU Dec 2010)

68
68

5. The pressure angle of two gears is 20 and has a module of 10mm. The number of teeth
on pinion and gear is same and equal to one module. Determine (i) the number of pairs
of teeth in contact and (ii) the angle of action of pinion and gear and the ratio of sliding to
rolling velocity at the beginning of contact. The pitch circle diameter of the annular gear
in the epicyclic gear train in fig below is 425mm and the module is 5mm. when the
annular gear 3 is stationary, the spindle a makes one revolution in the same sense as
the sun gear 1 for every 6 revolutions of the driving spindle carrying the sun gear . All the
planet gears are of same size. Determine number of teeth on all gears.(AU Dec 2010)

6. Prove that the maximum lengths of arc of contact between a pair of gear tooth to avoid
interference are (r+R) tan.

(AU Dec 2010)

7. Diagrammatically show the following with reference to a spur gear tooth: Face width,
pitch circle, clearance, tooth thickness, addendum& dedendum.

(AU Dec 2010)

8. A pair of spur gears with involute teeth is to give a gear ratio 0f 3:1. The arc of approach
is not to be less than the circular pitch and smaller wheel is the driver. The angle of
pressure is 20.

(AU Dec 2009)

(i) What is the least number of teeth that can be used on each wheel?
(ii) What is the addendum of the wheel in terms of circular pitch?
9. In an epicyclic gear train, an annular wheel A having 54 teeth meshes with a planet
wheel B which gears with a sun wheel C, the wheels A and C being rotated about the
axis of the wheels A &C.If the wheel A makes 20 rpm in a clockwise sense and the arm
rotates at 100rpm in the anticlockwise direction and wheel C.

(AU Dec 2009)

10. A pinion of 20 involute teeth and 125 mm pitch circle diameter drives a rack. The
addendum of both pinion and rack is 6.25mm.What is the least pressure angle which
can be used to avoid interference? With this pressure angle , find the length of arc and
the minimum number of teeth in contact at a time.

(AU Dec 2008)

69
69

11. In an epicyclic gear train shown in fig below, the pinion A has 15 teeth and is rigidly fixed
in the motor shaft. The wheel B has 20 teeth and gears with A, and also with annular
fixed wheel D. Pinion C has 15 teeth and is integral with B(C, B being a compound gear
wheel). Gear C meshes with annular wheel E, which is keyed to the machine shaft. The
arm rotates about the same shaft on which A is fixed and carries the compound wheel BC. If the motor runs at 1000 rpm, find the speed of the machine shaft. (AU Dec 2008)

12. Derive an expression for minimum number of teeth on the wheel in order to avoid
interference

(AU Dec 2007)

13. Two mating gears have 20 and 40 involute teeth of module 10mm and 20 pressure
angle .The addendum on each wheel is to be made of such a length that the line of
contact on each side of the pitch point has half of the maximum possible length.
Determine the addendum height for each gear wheel, length of the path of contact, arc
of contact and contact ratio.

(AU Dec 2007)

14. Explain the procedure adopted for designing the spur wheels.

(AU Dec 2006)

15. A compound epicyclic gear is shown in figure below. The gears A,D & E are free to
rotate on axis P. The compound gears B & C rotate together on the axis Q at the end of
arm F.All gears have equal pitch. The number of external teeth on gears A,B of arm F.All
the gears have equal pitch. The number of external teeth on gears A, Band C are 18,45
and 21 respectively. The gears D & E are annulus gears. The gear A rotates at 100 rpm
in anticlockwise direction and gear D rotates at 450 rpm clockwise .Find the speed and
direction of the arm and the gear E.

(AU Dec 2006)

70
70

UNIT 5 FRICTION
PART A
1. What is limiting angle of friction.

(AU Dec 2011)

2. State the functional difference between clutch and a brake.

(AU Dec 2011)

3. What is the difference between sliding friction and rolling

friction? Give example?

(AU Apr 2011)

4. What are the advantages of V belt drive over flat belt drive?

(AU Apr 2011)

5. State the functional difference between clutch and a brake.

(AU Apr 2011)

6. What is the role of friction in screw jack?

(AU Dec 2010)

7. What is self energizing brake?

(AU Dec 2010)

8. Write the various types of brake.

(AU Dec 2010)

9. Define sliding friction and rolling friction.

(AU Dec 2010)

10. Define virtual coefficient of friction.

(AU May 2010)

11. State the condition for maximum power transmission in a

belt drive and deduce the expression for corresponding belt velocity.

(AU Apr 2011)

12. What are self locking screws? Why self locking screws
have lesser efficiency?

(AU Dec 2009)

13. What are the functions of clutches?

(AU Dec 2009)

14. Give the effect of centrifugal tension in belt drives.

(AU Dec 2009)

15. What is the apparent coefficient of friction in belt drives?

(AU Jun 2009)

16. Distinguish between sliding friction and rolling friction?

(AU Jun 2009)

17. Define the term Limiting friction.

(AU Dec 2008)

18. How centrifugal tension affects the power transmission in belt drive.

(AU Dec 2008)

19. What is creep in the case of belt?

(AU May2008)

20. Which type of screw thread is preferable in power transmission?

(AU May 2008)

21. List any four desirable characteristics of brake lining material.

(AU Dec 2007)

22. What are the advantages of wire ropes over fabric ropes?

(AU Dec 2007)

23. What are timing belts?

(AU Dec 2006)

24. Explain briefly the significance of friction in braking.

(AU Dec 2006)

PART - B (16 Marks)

1. Derive an expression for maximum efficiency of a screw jack.

(AU Dec 2011)

71
71

2. A single plate clutch has dimensions 300mm outside diameter and 100mm inside
diameter. Both side of the plate are effective. Assuming uniform wear and coefficient of
friction of 0.35, determine the maximum power that can be transmitted at 1500rpm,if the
maximum pressure on the plate is not to exceed 1 MN/m2 .Find also the minimum
intensity of pressure and its location.

(AU Dec 2011) (AU Dec 2006)

3. Prove that the limiting ration of tensions in a flat belt drive is given by the equation

T1
= e.
T2

(AU Dec 2011)

4. A rope drive is required to transmit 230KW from a pulley of 1m diameter running at

450rpm.the safe pull in each rope is 800N and mass of the rope is 0.46Kg/m. The angle
of the lap and groove angle are 160 and 45 respectively. If the coefficient of friction
between the rope and the pulley is0.3, find the number of ropes required. (AU Dec 2011)
5. The mean diameter of the screw jack having pitch of 10mm is 50mm.A load of 20 KN is
lifted through a distance of 170mm.Find the work done in lifting the load and efficiency of
the screw jack when
(i) the load rotates with the screw.
(ii) the load rests on the the loose head which does not rotate with the screw.
The external and internal diameters of the bearing surface of the loose head are 60mm
and 10mm respectively, the coefficient of friction for the screw as well as the bearing
surface may be taken as 0.08.

(AU Dec 2011)

6. A rotor is driven by a coaxial motor through a single plate clutch, both sides of the plate
being effective .The external and internal diameters of the plate are respectively 220mm
and 160mm and the total spring load pressing the plates together is 570N.The motor
armature and shaft has a mass of 800kg with an effective radius of gyration of 200mm.
The rotor has a mass of 1300kg with an effective radius of gyration of 180mm.The
coefficient of friction for the clutch is 0.35.The driving motor is brought up to a speed of
1250rpm when the current is switched off and the clutch suddenly engaged.
(AU Dec 2011)
Determine
(i)

The final speed of motor and rotor,

(ii)

The time to reach this speed

(iii)

The kinetic energy lost during the period of slipping

72
72

7. Prove that the torque transmitted by a cone clutch, when the intensity of pressure is
uniform is given b y, T =

2 W
3
(r1
3 sin

r2 / r1

r2

with usual notations. (AU Dec 2010)

8. An effort of 200N is required to just move certain body up an inclined plane of an angle
15, the force is acting parallel to the plane. If the angle of inclination of the plane. If the
angle of inclination of the plane is made 20, the effort required parallel to the plane is
found to be as 230N. Determine the weight of the body and the coefficient of friction.
(AU Dec 2010)
9.

A compressor 90KW to operate at 250rpm.The drive is V-belts from an electric motor

running at 750rpm.The diameter of the pulley on the compressor shaft must not be
greater than 1 meter while the center distance between the pulleys is limited to 1.75m.
The belt speed should not exceed 1600m/min.Determine the number of V belts required
to transmit the power if each belt has a cross sectional area of 375 mm2 , density 1000
kg/m3 and an allowable tensile stress of 2.5 Mpa.The groove angle of the pulley is
35.The coefficient of friction between the belt and the pulley is 0.25.Also calculate the
length of each belt.

(AU Dec 2010) (AU Dec 2008)

10. What are block brakes? Derive an expression relating the applied force and breaking
torque in a block brake.

(AU May 2010) (AU Dec 2006)

11. The diameter of a block brake is 250mm. The L shaped lever has its longer arm
horizontal. The vertical distance of the pivot (of the lever) from the centre of the drum is
75mm. the horizontal distance of the pivot from the centre of the drum is 200mm.An
effort of 700N (vertical) is applied at a horizontal distance of 400mm from the pivot. The
contact angle of the block is 90 degrees. The coefficient of friction is 0.35.Determine the
breaking torque.

(AU May 2010)

12. Derive an expression for the centrifugal tension in belt drives.

(AU May 2010)

13. A pulley is driven by a flat belt, angle of lap being 120degrees.The belt weighs 6Nper
meter run. The coefficient of friction is 0.3 and maximum stress in the belt is not to
exceed 200N/cm2 . The belt is 10cm wide and 0.6 cm thick. Find the maximum power
that can be transmitted and the corresponding speed of the belt.

(AU May 2010)

14. A single plate friction clutch with both sides of plate being effective is used to transmit
power at an engine speed of 200rpm. It has outer and inner radii 10cm and 8cm
respectively. Find maximum power transmitted and the corresponding axial thrust, if the
maximum intensity of pressure is not to exceed 0.08N/mm2 . Assume coefficient of
friction as 0.25.

(AU Dec 2009)

73
73

15. A flat belt runs on a pulley 1m in diameter and transmits 8kW at 200rpm. Assuming
angle of lap as 170and coefficient of friction as 0.25.Find the necessary width of belt if
the pull is not to exceed 200N/cm width of the belt.
Neglect centrifugal tension.

(AU Dec 2009)

16. Derive the condition for maximum efficiency of screw.

(AU Dec 2009)

17. A bicycle and rider of mass 100kg are travelling at the rate of 16km/hr on a level road. A
brake is applied to the rear wheel which is 0.9m in diameter and this is the only
resistance acting. How many turns will it make before it comes to rest? The pressure
applied on the brake is 100N and = 0.05

(AU Dec 2009)

18. A rope drive is required to transmit 230kw form a pulley of 1m diameter running at
450rpm.The safe pull in each rope is 800N and the mass of the rope is 0.4kg/meter
length. The angle of lap and the groove is 160and 45respectively.If = 0.3, find the
number of ropes required.

(AU Dec 2009)

19. Derive an expression for the torque required to lift a load by a screw jack, if l is the
length of the arm.

(AU Dec 2008) (AU Dec 2007)

20. A leather faced conical clutch has a cone angle of 30.If the intensity of pressure
between the contact surfaces is limited to 0.35Mpa and the breadth of the conical
surface is not to exceed one third of mean radius, find the dimensions of the contact
surfaces to transmit 22.5kW at 2000rpm.Assume uniform rate of wear and take
coefficient of friction as 0.15.

(AU Dec 2008)

21. An open belt drive connects two pulleys 120cm and 50cm diameters on parallel shafts
4m apart .The maximum tension in the belt is 1855N.The coefficient of friction is 0.3.The
driver pulley of diameter 120cm runs at 200rpm.Calculate (i) the power transmitted (ii)
the torque on each of the two shafts.

(AU Dec 2008)

22. A band brake acts on the 3/4thof circumference of a drum of 450mm diameter which is
keyed to the shaft. The band brake provides a braking torque of 225 N-m.One end of the
band is attached to a fulcrum pin of the lever and other end to a pin 100 mm from the
fulcrum. If the operating force is applied at 500mm from the fulcrum and the coefficient of
friction is 0.25, find the operating force when the drum rotates in anticlockwise direction.
(AU Dec 2007)

74
74

RANGANATHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

REC Kalvi Nagar, Coimbatore 109
Cycle Test-1
Date of
exam:
Programme

MECHANICAL

Subject code:

ME6401

Time & duration

of exam:

50min

9.00 am to 9.50 am

Year & Sem.:

IIyr&IV
SEM

Max. Marks:25

Subject name: Kinematics of Machinery

PART-A(5X2=10)
1. What is Grashofs law for a four bar mechanism and give out its
significance
2. State the application of an offset slider crank mechanism.
3. Explain the term kinematic link. Give the classification of kinematic link.
4. Explain the term: a) Lower pair, (b) Higher pair.
5. Define kinematic chain & inversion of kinematic chain.
PART-B(1X15=15)
6. I) State and explain the two inversions of a four bar chain?

(10)

II) Using kutzbach Criterion, find the number of degrees of freedom of the
mechanisms shown below.
(5)

(or)
7. I) what is inversion of mechanism? Describe any one inversions of double
slider crank mechanism with sketch.

(8)

II) Explain the working of toggle mechanism and its application with a
neat sketch.(7)

75
75

RANGANATHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

REC Kalvi Nagar, Coimbatore 109
Cycle Test-2
Date of
exam:
Programme

MECHANICAL

Subject code:

ME6401

Time & duration

of exam:

50min

9.00 am to 9.50 am

Year & Sem.:

IIyr&IV
SEM

Max. Marks:25

Subject name: Kinematics of Machinery

PART-A (5X2=10)

1. Define Mechanical Advantage.

2. State Grueblers criterion for planar mechanisms.
3. Define the terms kinematic pair and kinematic chain.
4. Differentiate between a machine and a mechanism.
5. Define degree of freedom and give the DOF for a cam with roller follower.
PART-B (1X15=15)
6. Explain with neat sketch the working of crank and slotted lever quick return motion
mechanism. Deduce the expression for length of stroke in terms of link lengths.(10+5)
(or)
7. Perform kinematic analysis of following exact straight line motion mechanisms:
(a) Peaucelliers mechanism (8)
(b) Harts Mechanism (7)

76
76

RANGANATHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

REC Kalvi Nagar, Coimbatore 109
Cycle Test-3
Date of
exam:
Programme

MECHANICAL

Subject code:

ME6401

Time & duration

of exam:

50min

9.00 am to 9.50 am

Year & Sem.:

IIyr&IV
SEM

Max. Marks:25

Subject name: Kinematics of Machinery

PART-A (5X2=10)

1. Explain how the direction of coriolis acceleration is obtained.

2. Define instantaneous centre of velocity.
3. Explain the normal centre of acceleration.
4. Write the condition for Coriolis component of acceleration.
5. Illustrate the instantaneous centers of a typical four bar.

PART-B (1X15=15)
6. A link AB of a four bar linkage ABCD revolves uniformly at 120rpm in a clockwise
direction. Given AB=75mm, BC=175mm, CD=150mm, DA=100mm and angle BAD
equal to 90.AD is fixed link. Using graphical approach, find the angular accelerations
of links BC and CD and acceleration of point E on the link BC, if EC = 150mm.(OR)
7. The lengths of crank and connecting rod of a horizontal reciprocating engine are
100mm and 500mm respectively. The crank is rotating at 400rpm. When the crank has
turned 30 from the inner dead centre, find analytically, the angular velocity and
angular acceleration of the connecting rod.

77
77

RANGANATHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

REC Kalvi Nagar, Coimbatore 109
Cycle Test-4
Date of
exam:
Programme

MECHANICAL

Subject code:

ME6401

Time & duration

of exam:

50min

9.00 am to 9.50 am

Year & Sem.:

IIyr&IV
SEM

Max. Marks:25

Subject name: Kinematics of Machinery

PART-A (5X2=10)

1. State the relationship between crank angle and connecting rod angle f of a single
2.
3.
4.
5.

slider crank mechanism.

What is Coriolis component of acceleration?
Define Rubbing velocity.
Name two mechanisms; one where Coriolis acceleration is encountered and another
where Coriolis acceleration is not encountered.
What is meant by virtual centre?

PART-B (1X15=15)
6. A mechanism of a crank and slotted lever quick return mechanism is shown in Fig 1. If
the crank rotates counter clockwise at 120rpm. Determine for the Configuration shown,
the velocity and acceleration of ram D. Also determine the angular acceleration of the
slotted lever. Crank, AB=150mm; Slotted arm, OC = 700mm and link CD = 200mm.

7. For the slider crank mechanism shown in fig below, determine (i) the acceleration of
slider B and (ii) acceleration of point C. The crank OA rotates at 180 rpm. OA = 500mm,
AB = 1500mm & AC =250mm

78
78

RANGANATHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

REC Kalvi Nagar, Coimbatore 109
Cycle Test-5
Date of
exam:
Programme

MECHANICAL

Subject code:

ME6401

Time & duration

of exam:

50min

9.00 am to 9.50 am

Year & Sem.:

IIyr&IV
SEM

Max. Marks:25

Subject name: Kinematics of Machinery

PART-A (5X2=10)

1. Sketch the shapes of displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams for uniform
acceleration and retardation motion of a follower.
2. Why sometimes the axes of translating roller followers, in cam follower mechanisms are
offset form the axis of rotation of cam.
3. Define pressure angle of cam mechanism and state the best values of pressure angle.
4. State the advantage of a tangent cam.
5. Define tangential cam.

PART-B (1X15=15)
6. A cam with a minimum radius of 25mm and rotating in the CW direction, is to be
designed for a knife edge follower with the following Data:
- Ascent of the follower through 35mm during 60cam rotation;
- Dwell for next 40of the cam rotation ;
- Descent of the follower during the next 90 of the cam rotation;
- Dwell during rest of cam rotation.
The ascent and descent of the cam are with simple harmonic motion and the line of
stroke of the follower is offset 10mm from axis of cam shaft.
(i) Draw the displacement diagram
(ii) Draw the profile of the cam.
(iii) What is the maximum velocity and acceleration of the follower during the ascent and
descent if cam rotates at 150 rpm? (5+5+5) (OR)
7. In a symmetrical tangent cam operating a roller follower, the least radius of the cam
30mm and the roller radius is 15mm, the angular of assent is 75and the total lift is
20mm. The speed of the cam is 600 rpm. Calculate :
(I)The principal dimensions of the cam.
(II)The acceleration of the follower at the beginning of lift, where straight flank
merges into the circular nose and at apex of the nose.

79
79

RANGANATHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

REC Kalvi Nagar, Coimbatore 109
Cycle Test-6
Date of
exam:
Programme

MECHANICAL

Subject code:

ME6401

Time & duration

of exam:

50min

9.00 am to 9.50 am

Year & Sem.:

IIyr&IV
SEM

Max. Marks:25

Subject name: Kinematics of Machinery

PART-A (5X2=10)

1. Define pitch curve of the cam.

2. What is a circular arc cam?
3. What are the classifications of cams based on contact surfaces?
4. State the basic requirements for high speed cams.

5. What the advantages of roller follower than knife edge follower?

PART-B (1X15=15)
6. The following particulars relate to a symmetrical circular cam operating a flat faced
follower ; least radius =25mm, nose radius = 8mm, lift of the valve = 10mm, Angle of
action of cam = 120, cam shaft speed =1000rpm
(i) Find the flank radius
(ii) Determine maximum value of velocity, acceleration and retardation of follower.
(iii) Draw the profile of the cam.

(OR)

7. A disc cam used for moving a knife edge follower with SHM during lift and uniform
acceleration and retardation motion during return. Cam rotates at 300rpm clockwise
direction. The line of motion of follower has an offset 10mm to the right angle of cam
shaft axis. The minimum radius of cam is 30mm. The lift of the follower is 40mm. The
cam rotation angles are: lift 60, dwell 90, return120and remaining angle for dwell.
Draw the cam profile and determine the maximum velocity and acceleration during the
lift and return.

80
80

RANGANATHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

REC Kalvi Nagar, Coimbatore 109
Cycle Test-7
Date of
exam:
Programme

MECHANICAL

Subject code:

ME6401

Time & duration

of exam:

50min

9.00 am to 9.50 am

Year & Sem.:

IIyr&IV
SEM

Max. Marks:25

Subject name: Kinematics of Machinery

PART-A (5X2=10)

1. Define the following terms used in a gear: (a) Pressure angle (b) Module.
2. What are the advantages of planetary gear trains?
3. State the law of gearing.
4. What is interference in involute gear and how it is prevented?
5. What is the difference between simple gear train and compound gear train?

PART-B (1X15=15)
6. Two involute gears of 20 pressure angle are in mesh. The number of teeth on pinion is
20 and the gear ratio is 2. If the pitch expressed in module is 5 mm, and the pitch line
speed is 1.2 m/s, assuming addendum as standard and equal to one module, find (i) the
angle turned through by pinion when one pair of teeth is in mesh; and (ii) the maximum
velocity of sliding. (OR)
8. (I) State and prove the law of gearing and thus derive the expression for Velocity of
sliding.

(8)

(ii)Show that the involute curves as the profiles of mating gears satisfy the law of
gearing.

(7)

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RANGANATHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

REC Kalvi Nagar, Coimbatore 109
Cycle Test-8
Date of
exam:
Programme

MECHANICAL

Subject code:

ME6401

Time & duration

of exam:

50min

9.00 am to 9.50 am

Year & Sem.:

IIyr&IV
SEM

Max. Marks:25

Subject name: Kinematics of Machinery

PART-A (5X2=10)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

What is a worm gear drive? Explain with a sketch.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of involute gear tooth profile?
What are the applications of reverted gear trains?
What are various types of torques in an epicyclic gear train?
Define undercutting in gears

PART-B (1X15=15)
6. In an epicyclic gear train shown in fig below, the pinion A has 15 teeth and is rigidly fixed
in the motor shaft. The wheel B has 20 teeth and gears with A, and also with annular
fixed wheel D. Pinion C has 15 teeth and is integral with B(C, B being a compound gear
wheel). Gear C meshes with annular wheel E, which is keyed to the machine shaft. The
arm rotates about the same shaft on which A is fixed and carries the compound wheel
BC. If the motor runs at 1000 rpm, find the speed of the machine shaft.(OR)

7. An epicyclic gear train shown in figure below. The internal gear D has 90 teeth and the
sun gear A has 40 teeth. The two planet gears B & C are identical and they are attached
to an arm as shown. How many revolutions does the arm makes, (i) WhenA makes one
revolution in clockwise and D , makes one revolution in clockwise and D makes
revolutions in opposite sense.(ii) When A makes one revolution in clockwise and D
remains stationary.

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RANGANATHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

REC Kalvi Nagar, Coimbatore 109
Cycle Test-9
Date of
exam:
Programme

MECHANICAL

Subject code:

ME6401

Time & duration

of exam:

50min

9.00 am to 9.50 am

Year & Sem.:

IIyr&IV
SEM

Max. Marks:25

Subject name: Kinematics of Machinery

PART-A (5X2=10)

1. What is limiting angle of friction.

2. State the functional difference between clutch and a brake.
3. What is the role of friction in screw jack?
4. What is self energizing brake?
5. Define virtual coefficient of friction.
PART-B (1X15=15)
6. I) Derive an expression for maximum efficiency of a screw jack(8)
II) Prove that the limiting ration of tensions in a flat belt drive is given by the equation

T1/T2=e

(7) (or)

7. A single plate clutch has dimensions 300mm outside diameter and 100mm inside
diameter. Both side of the plate are effective. Assuming uniform wear and coefficient of
friction of 0.35, determine the maximum power that can be transmitted at 1500rpm,if the
maximum pressure on the plate is not to exceed 1 MN/m2 .Find also the minimum
intensity of pressure and its location.

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83

RANGANATHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

REC Kalvi Nagar, Coimbatore 109
Cycle Test-10
Date of
exam:
Programme

MECHANICAL

Subject code:

ME6401

Time & duration

of exam:

50min

9.00 am to 9.50 am

Year & Sem.:

IIyr&IV
SEM

Max. Marks:25

Subject name: Kinematics of Machinery

PART-A (5X2=10)

1. What are timing belts?

2. Explain briefly the significance of friction in braking.
3. How centrifugal tension affects the power transmission in belt drive.
4. What is creep in the case of belt?
5. Which type of screw thread is preferable in power transmission?

PART-B (1X15=15)

6. A rope drive is required to transmit 230kw form a pulley of 1m diameter running at

450rpm.The safe pull in each rope is 800N and the mass of the rope is 0.4kg/meter
length. The angle of lap and the groove is 160and 45respectively.If = 0.3, find the
number of ropes required.
(or)
7. A single plate friction clutch with both sides of plate being effective is used to transmit
power at an engine speed of 200rpm. It has outer and inner radii 10cm and 8cm
respectively. Find maximum power transmitted and the corresponding axial thrust, if the
maximum intensity of pressure is not to exceed 0.08N/mm2 Assume coefficient of friction
as 0.25.

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RANGANATHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

REC Kalvi Nagar, Coimbatore 109
Internal Test-1
Date of
exam:
Programme

MECHANICAL

Subject
code:

ME6401

Time &
duration of
exam:

50min

9.00 am to 10.30 am

Year & Sem.:

IIyr&IV
SEM

Max. Marks:50

Subject name: Kinematics of Machinery

PART-A (5X2=10)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

State Grueblers criterion for planar mechanisms.

State the Kutzbach Criterion.
Write the condition for Coriolis component of acceleration.
Define Rubbing velocity.
Define instantaneous centre
PART-B (16+16+8=40)
6. A)The mechanism of a warping machine is shown in figure below. Various
dimensions are as follows: O1A = 100m; AC = 700mm ; BC = 200mm ; BD =
150mm; OD =200mm; O2E = 400mm, O3C = 200mm. the crank O12A rotates at
a uniform speed of 100rad/sec.Determine
(i) Linear velocity of the point E on the bell crank lever
(ii) Angular velocity of link AC & BD.
(iii) Acceleration of the points B & E.

(or)
B) In a slider crank mechanism, the length of the crank is 200mm and length of
connecting rod 825mm. the angular velocity and acceleration of crank is 60rad/s
and 1100 rad/s. When the crank has turned 120from the inner dead centre, find:
(a) The velocity and acceleration of piston
(b) Angular velocity and acceleration of connecting rod.

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7. A)A four bar chain mechanism ABCD with its dimensions is shown in fig below.
It is driven by the crank AB which rotates at 600 rpm in clockwise direction. The
link AD is fixed.Find the absolute velocity of point C and angular velocity of the
links CB and CD.

B) What is inversion of mechanism? Describe various inversions of double slider

crank mechanism with sketches.
8. A) Explain with neat sketch the working of crank and slotted lever quick return
motion mechanism. Deduce the expression for length of stroke in terms of link
lengths.
B) In a crank and slotted lever quick return motion mechanism, the distance
between fixed centres is 240mm and the length of driving crank is 120mm. Find
the inclination of the slotted bar with the vertical in the extreme position and the
time ratio of cutting stroke to return stroke. If the length of the slotted is 450mm,
find the length of the stroke if the line of stroke passes through the extreme
positions of free end of the lever.

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RANGANATHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

REC Kalvi Nagar, Coimbatore 109
Internal Test-2
Time &
duration of
exam:

Date of
exam:
Programme

MECHANICAL

Subject
code:

ME6401

Year &
Sem.:

50min
IIyr&IV SEM

9.00 am to 10.30 am
Max. Marks:50

Subject name: Kinematics of Machinery

PART-A (5X2=10)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

State the advantage of a tangent cam.

What is the role of idlers in gear trains?
What is cam?
What is the difference between simple gear train and compound gear train?
What is the significance of contact ratio in gears?
PART-B (16+16+8=40)
6. A) Two involute gears of 20 pressure angle are in mesh. The number of teeth on
pinion is 20 and the gear ratio is 2. If the pitch expressed in module is 5 mm, and
the pitch line speed is 1.2 m/s, assuming addendum as standard and equal to
one module, find (i) the angle turned through by pinion when one pair of teeth is
in mesh; and (ii) the maximum velocity of sliding. (or)
B) The pressure angle of two gears is 20 and has a module of 10mm. The
number of teeth on pinion and gear is same and equal to one module. Determine
(i) the number of pairs of teeth in contact and (ii) the angle of action of pinion and
gear and the ratio of sliding to rolling velocity at the beginning of contact. The
pitch circle diameter of the annular gear in the epicyclic gear train in fig below is
425mm and the module is 5mm. when the annular gear 3 is stationary, the
spindle a makes one revolution in the same sense as the sun gear 1 for every 6
revolutions of the driving spindle carrying the sun gear . All the planet gears are
of same size. Determine number of teeth on all gears.

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7. A) Draw the cam profile for the following data:

Basic circle radius of cam = 50mm, Lift = 40mm, Angle of ascent with SHM = 90, Angle
of Dwell = 90, Angle of descent with uniform acceleration and deceleration = 90, speed
of cam = 300 rpm, Type of follower = Roller follower (With roller radius = 10mm). (or)

B) A cam is designed for a knife edge follower with following data: Cam lift = 40mm
during 90 of cam rotation with SHM, dwell for next 30, during the next 60of cam
rotation, the follower returns to its original position with SHM, dwell during remaining
180. Draw the profile of the cam when the line of stroke is offset 20mm from axis of cam
shaft. The radius of base circle of cam is 40mm.

8. A) Prove that the maximum lengths of arc of contact between a pair of gear tooth
to avoid interference are (r+R) tan. (or)
B) Diagrammatically show the following with reference to a spur gear tooth: Face
width, pitch circle, clearance, tooth thickness, addendum& dedendum.

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RANGANATHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

REC Kalvi Nagar, Coimbatore 109
Model Test
Date of
exam:
Programme

MECHANICAL

Subject
code:

ME6401

Time &
duration of
exam:

100 min

9.00 am to 12.30 pm

Year & Sem.:

II yr & IV
SEM

Max. Marks:50

Subject name: Kinematics of Machinery

Part - A (10x2=20)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Give out inversions of a double slider crank chain.

Differentiate between a machine and a structure.
What is Coriolis component of acceleration?
Define instantaneous centre of velocity.
What is dwell period of cam?
Define the term pressure angle of a cam mechanism.
State the law of gearing.
What are the advantages of epicyclic gear train?
What is self energizing brake?
What are the functions of clutches?
Part - B (Answer All the questions 5x16=80)

11. A) The diameter of a block brake is 250mm. The L shaped lever has its longer arm
horizontal. The vertical distance of the pivot (of the lever) from the centre of the drum is
75mm. the horizontal distance of the pivot from the centre of the drum is 200mm.An
effort of 700N (vertical) is applied at a horizontal distance of 400mm from the pivot. The
contact angle of the block is 90 degrees. The coefficient of friction is 0.35.Determine the
breaking torque.
B) A pulley is driven by a flat belt, angle of lap being 120degrees.The belt weighs 6Nper
meter run. The coefficient of friction is 0.3 and maximum stress in the belt is not to
exceed 200N/cm2. The belt is 10cm wide and 0.6 cm thick. Find the maximum power that
can be transmitted and the corresponding speed of the belt
12. A) A flat belt runs on a pulley 1m in diameter and transmits 8kW at 200rpm. Assuming
angle of lap as 170 and coefficient of friction is 0.25. Find the necessary width of belt if
the pull is not to exceed 200N/cm width of the belt. Neglect centrifugal tension.
B) I) Derive an expression for the centrifugal tension in belt drives.
II) Derive an expression for maximum efficiency of a screw jack.
13. A) A compound epicyclic gear is shown in figure below. The gears A,D & E are free to
rotate on axis P. The compound gears B & C rotate together on the axis Q at the end of
arm F.All gears have equal pitch. The number of external teeth on gears A,B of arm F.All
the gears have equal pitch. The number of external teeth on gears A, Band C are 18,45
and 21 respectively. The gears D & E are annulus gears. The gear A rotates at 100 rpm

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in anticlockwise direction and gear D rotates at 450 rpm clockwise .Find the speed and
direction of the arm and the gear E.

B) In an epicyclic gear train shown in fig below, the pinion A has 15 teeth and is rigidly
fixed in the motor shaft. The wheel B has 20 teeth and gears with A, and also with
annular fixed wheel D. Pinion C has 15 teeth and is integral with B(C, B being a
compound gear wheel). Gear C meshes with annular wheel E, which is keyed to the
machine shaft. The arm rotates about the same shaft on which A is fixed and carries the
compound wheel BC. If the motor runs at 1000 rpm, find the speed of the machine shaft.

14. A) For the toggle mechanism as shown in figure, the slider D is constrained to move
along horizontal direction. The crank rotates at 180 rpm. The dimensions of various links
are as follows. OA = 180 mm; CB = 240 mm; AB = 360 mm; BD = 540 mm. For the
given configuration determine (i) the velocity and acceleration of the slider (ii) angular
velocity and angular acceleration of links AB, BC and BD.

B) The lengths of crank and connecting rod of a horizontal reciprocating engine are
100mm and 500mm respectively. The crank is rotating at 400rpm. When the crank has
turned 30 from the inner dead centre, find analytically, the angular velocity and angular
acceleration of the connecting rod.
15. A) I) Explain the working of toggle mechanism and its application with a neat sketch.
II) Draw a sketch and explain any one approximate straight line generating
mechanism.
B) Explain the working of pantograph and one indexing mechanism with a neat sketch.

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