-Urninary is the excretion of the body.

- solute concentration of the kidney ( physio )

- major function of the kidney
-uriter are the tube that brings the urine
- the urthra are the tube that brings the urine from bladder out
- kidney regulate concentration of water and electroyltes in the blood , regulation of
the ph in the blood , regulates the pressure ( lets more water go or keeps the water),
excretion of metabolic waste , sescrets hornmones ( renin, erthyopoitin=blood cell
production ) affects blood pressure , glyconiogensis( using other monimors
subunits to convert into glucose that you can used into cellular respiration.
-theyshould transform into glucose before it could be used.
-electroylte concentration & ph : as the blood goes by the kidneys the blood has to
stay the same .solutes and ions are suppose to stay the same.
-kidney remove excess or secret the stuff that should remain
-when you eat and drink stuff you are changing the concentration of the solute in the
blood.
-urea from amino acid, creatine is waste product from muscular function
-you cant do anything with nucleic acid
-cholestrol carries the lipids away
-amino acid to make proteins
-carbohydrate =atp
-when you eat food are polymers ( something made out of cells)
-kidney is responsible to maintain everything the same all the time
-uric acid is a waste product from nucleic acid( never reused).
-billirubon is a breakdown of the red blood cells. ( its from hemoglobin)
- various hormones they are used up it gets to be broken downw
-toxin drugs are gets to be broken down.
-urea is a breakdown
-blood pressure is low it triggers erythroposis it to make more blood cells. To rise
the blood pressure up
- glyconogensis it happens during fasting , protein gets broken down to glucose
-kidney make the vitamin d active
-kidney are 5 ounces a piece , they are retroparitineal ( behind the parietal paritium)
-between t12-l3 is the kidney
-20% of the blo od that flows down the abonominal cavity goes in the kidneys
-the yellow thing inside the kindey is called reinal pyramids , all the tubes in the
middle is called the medulla
- the vessel on the kidney is called nephrons , its where the blood is fliter and urine
is made , nephrons are produce in the pyramids
-tips of the pyramid is called reinal papilla , reinal colums the one that dips into the
medulla that goes in between the pyramids ,
-each pyramind drains into minor calyx, the minor calyx join together the tube is
called major calyces , where all the urine drains into is called the renal pelvis.

-nephron is the functional unit of the kidney ( 1 million per kidney ) you cant make
new ones. As you age you get fewer nephrons
-blood supply coming in the nephorons , there is fenestrated capilliaries in there ,
then it goes out and all the way around and it goes out the renal vein back to the
inferior vena cava .
-when the blood goes into the nephoron the blood pressure its very high, because of
the capillaries and other structure and it forces out the plasma etcs. It gets collected
in the tubles some things are claim somethings are throwen away then back to the
normal.
-the stuff that capture futrate is bomens capsual
-the glomerulus it the one filters the blood
- the renal corpusale is the whole things /glomeral apparatus
-proximal convoluted tublules is the one that is proximal to the glomerulus , lube of
henle the tube thing ( thick acending , think decending, thick acending) , distal
convoluted tube drains intot he collecting ducts drains
-85 %of the neurons are in the cortex15% in the medulla are jexstow
-reabsorption occurs in the proximal convultued tubles, ion, calcium , mg, nurtient
are being reabsorbed
- secretion , remove from the blood salt in the lube of henle , salt and water are
going to adjusted until thing is just right.
-excretion is whatever that is left of the body gest removed.
-flitrate: water, urea, glucose, salts, amino acids, vitamins
-there should not be protein in the urine if there is , there is damage to the kidney.
-vitamin a d e k = fat soluable
-c and b gets peed out
-urether is smooth muscle surrounding they they move the urine from the kidney to
the bladder by parastoloysis,
- you make a ml of pee a minute , the bladder is muscular structure , mucosual layer
inside , it lines the kalyasis , ureter is line by transitional epithealium .
- bladder can hold about a littler of urine it has rugay can expand,
-the fundus that is part of the bldder is the upper part of the bladder,
-trigone of bladder is the triangle in front of the urethra
- female uretha is 3-5 cm
-male uretha has three region
prostatic section , memebranous section, peinal region
-internal uretha spincter ( cant control) its at the neck of the bladder( when bladder
gets stretch to a certain point) , a person controls the external spincter (,micturician
is a reflex) anterior of vaginal wall is where the external spincter is
-kidney stones are collect in the renal pelvis and eventually made out the ureter
they can break out and it hurts really bad , they are made of calcium and uretic acid
and sometimes maginsieum . happens to women in metaphase , increase in calcium
the calcium starts making the stones
schistoma mansoni affects the spleen and liver
schistoma haematobium affects the bladder
-juenviline buried into the skin they make the way into the blood vessel, they live in
the blood

-mansoni live in the blood vessel near the spleen and live , damage to the liver and
spleen tissue , enlargement of the spleen and liver hepatospenomagli
-cercarialr dermatitis ( swimmers itches ) when people are in a body of water they
skin is penetrate, rash around the bathing suit line they are non human schistosons
, they die on the skin they just cause the rash .